 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more. So today's topic is battered child syndrome and pedodontic triangle, both are short notes and pedodontics. So first let's see what is battered child syndrome, a physical abuse most commonly seen in kids under two years. So let's get into details of this physical abuse syndrome. So battered child syndrome, it is a clinical condition which is characterized by repeated intentional act of trauma to a young child or deprivation of food and water is another variant of trauma. It is also called as child abuse syndrome or non-accidental injury. There are various spectrum of injury like soft tissue injury, there will be thermal injury, skeletal injury, internal injuries to brain, abdomen or eye. It is most commonly diagnosed by the doctor. So mostly the age of child, any infant can be involved but the majority are under two years and most commonly male child are involved and it will be an unwanted, alleged kid and it is most commonly seen in lower class even though the cases in middle class and upper classes are reported. And clinical findings more common in the skin and skeleton like evidences of injury as old or recent bruises, fractures, burns, scars, bites, kicking, slapping or evidence of neglect that like child may be starved or dehydrated. So bruises will be there, burns will be there. So when the patient is brought to the hospital, it can be understood by the history taking if a doctor can easily understand the battered child syndrome by taking history. Bruises will be often a delay in bringing the child to the hospital and there will be a significant discrepancy from the parents' version of injury and the clinical findings. So it will not correlate the clinical findings and parents' description because they don't want to be in trouble and there will be unexplained malnutrition. So the explanation given by the parents or caregivers will be very vague or inconsistent. So history, from history we can easily understand the battered child syndrome or physical abuse. So if a child is brought to the hospital, unconscious or even after death, the cause of death should be understood by an autopsy so autopsy will clearly explain the cause of the death and that will be a physical abuse case. So it is a physical abuse condition which is known as battered child syndrome. So I will come up with a periodic triangle in my next video. Thank you. Next one is a very small topic that is periodic triangle. So in pedagogics we are dealing with very unique kids. So they are very unique in their nature. Their psychology is very different. They can be very difficult to manage inside dental clinic or the parents are very apprehensive. So their treatment and their management is very critical unlike adult patients. So a child patient is managing a child patient is very critical to give him a proper treatment. So periodic triangle is a concept which was put forward by Wright in 1975. So child is at the apex and the dentist and the parents are at the other two ends. So there will be always a mutual interaction, a mutual interaction between dentist and child, dentist and parent and child and parent. So child should be given the utmost importance by the dentist and parents. So managing a child, giving a treatment to child always will be a combined effort of dentist and parent. So we always keep parents inside the child to give a psychological support for the child to get the best treatment outcome. So it is a coordinated and combined effect which gives a child a positive attitude inside a dental clinic and all over a dentist and parents effort will result in a positive attitude to receive the treatment. So the same triangle is later modified. So in addition to dentist and parents mutual interaction and contribution to child's health and child's psychology, there is a significant contribution to the society. So society is a very important factor. So not just dentist and parents can manage a child. So society involves everything apart from these two groups, parents and dentist apart from dentist and parents, the rest, everything involves in society. The neighbors, other people involved coming closer with the child, all has to support a child and to give a positive attitude and to instill a positive attitude in child. Not only just in treatment but also in all other sectors of child's, even in child's health, child's education and child's attitude, the society has a very significant role. So it is a very, very small concept, what is pedodontic triangle, only thing is dentist and parents coming at the other ends when child is keeping at the supreme apex and it is modified to add a society element in this triangle. Okay, so I will come up with another topic. Thank you.