 well, in this module, we have to understand the overall functioning of the metanefric kidney in fact, we have studied the functioning of this kidney in different modules piece by piece in piecemeal but in this module, we will be discovering all we have studied but in a summarized form ok, metanefric kidney which we are familiar with in this term pro nephros, meso nephros and metanephros so this is adult kidney all the birds, there is reptile birds and mammals inside so this corresponds to the mature and functional kidney in the higher world and you are familiar the metanephros that plays an important role in the urinal genital system and in this system these are the chief functions which metanefric kidney performs what is inside this? electrolyte balancing these electrolytes in our blood they play a very important role to maintain the osmotic concentration so electrolytes then the blood filtering process then after that BP regulation, blood pressure that is also regulated by this kidney and the formation of urine so these are the chief products that is the functions of the system as a whole now to make urine like we have seen in previous modules and lectures that there are four important that is the functioning of the nephron and when we look at the function of one nephron that is in fact the overall functioning of the kidney under which there is the filtration of plasma or blood reabsorption of needed materials the useful materials the products of digestion and then the secretion of few substances such as potassium, hydrogen and renal that is into the renal tubule now about 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed and this reabsorption we have seen in detail that is usually in the that is the glomerular glomerulus or renal capsule and whatever blood is in it 20% of the whole body that is filtered over here so reabsorption is a highly but after this after the filtration the process of reabsorption it is extremely that is selective and there is reabsorption of all the water this is followed by then the sodium and potassium and electrolytes etc so there is usable materials along with it there is the absorption of the usable materials and then which is obviously there is two words that is the formation of urine in a secretion in a secretion what is in secretion throughout the tubule there is a secretion of useful substances that is the hydrogen ions and certain ions and certain some drugs are actively transported into the renal tubule to become the part of the urine as much as necessary it remains there all the extra substances they move back into the blood then there is a production of concentrated urine that depends on how salt and urea concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kitty medulla that is quite clear as there is counter flow in the urine the loop of Henle there are two limbs of loop of Henle that is the concentrates, filtrate as it moves down then first there is the descending loop and then the descending loop or the function of both is different which we have studied in detail now water is drawn by osmosis from the filtrate as it passes through the collecting tubule water is absorbed in the collecting tubule as much as it needs and therefore when we are travelling in very dry conditions then what happens is the amount of the urine is also very low that is it gets concentrated or the people who work in front of the buffers and their water intake is also very high they drink water again and again but still we see that the urine formation in them that is very less because a lot of that is to be absorbed that is more important for the body to maintain their water balance so this process that concentrates this process concentrates urine in the following ducts as it moves forward so urine is a watery solution for the body that is why we say that there is no useful substance in the urine as much as the body needs it it gets absorbed leaving behind within the nephron cavity and then it moves out through the either the urethra or bladder and then it comes out through the the nephron cavity and then it moves out through the bladder and then it comes out through the urethra so this is the overall we have already studied and in this we have finalized it that is why that is the functioning of the overall functioning of the metanafric kidney so this is all about