 Hello, everyone. Welcome to this session on femoral triangle. Femoral triangle is one of the most frequently asked topic in theory examinations. So you all should be knowing about this topic. So here in this image, we can see the right thigh from the anterior aspect. Here are the orientation marks which are given. So in this image, this purple colored marked area is the femoral triangle. So it's a triangular hollow in the front of the thigh in the upper part right more on the medial aspect. So femoral triangle will be covering under following headings. First we'll cover the boundaries of femoral triangle and contents of femoral triangle in contents, few contents will be learning in details and then we'll cover the applied anatomy and lastly I'll show you the dissected specimen images of femoral triangle. So stay tuned till the end of this particular session. Okay, so let's begin with the boundaries. So while learning the boundaries, we should be knowing about the side boundaries as well as the roof and the floor. Okay, so for side boundaries, here we can see this, this muscle is the sartorius muscle which forms the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle and this muscle is the adductor longest muscle which forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle. Okay. And we should be specific about the borders of the muscle as well. For example, the sartorius which border forms the boundary the medial border. Okay, the medial border of the sartorius forms the lateral boundary of femoral triangle and for adductor longest as well, it is all here also it is the medial border. Okay, so for sartorius as well as adductor longest both medial border forms the boundaries of femoral triangle. Okay, and base is formed by inguinal ligament. It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine up to the pubic tubercle. Okay, and apex is formed in the region where this the sartorius and the adductor longest these two muscles are meeting. Okay, so these are the side boundaries of femoral triangle. Now, let's look at the roof of the femoral triangle as in any other region in anatomy. It's formed by skin superficial fascia deep fascia. Right, so here we can see the deep fascia in the thigh. This is referred to as fascia lata. Okay, deep fascia in this region and it has got an opening here that is referred to as the sapiness opening for this great sapiness vein which drains into the femoral vein. Okay, so and in the superficial fascia there are contents that we should be knowing. So contents in superficial fascia are so in the superficial fascia the superficial epigastric vessels and superficial external pyrdental vessels superficial circumflex iliac vessels vessels means artery as well as vein. Okay, both are there. So these vessels are there and arteries are branches of the femoral artery. Okay, these are the three superficial branches of the femoral artery and veins are the tributaries of great sapiness vein. Okay, just before it enters the femoral vein. Okay, so in the superficial fascia these vessels are also there and there are a few cutaneous nerves as well. So here there is the cutaneous nerve which we can see branches of the ilioenguinal nerve and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve. Okay, so in the superficial fascia these contents also should be included in the roof. Okay, now coming to the floor of the femoral triangle. Floor of the femoral triangle is formed by four muscles. So these muscles we have to remember in one particular order from medial to lateral FPC there is adductor longus muscle then pectinus muscle and this is the tendon of the cross major and this is the iliacus muscle. Okay, so these four muscles from medial to lateral they form the floor. So if we carefully observe adductor longus it's included in the medial boundary as well and it's included in the floor as well. Why is it so? Because we had included the medial border in the boundary. Right, so this muscle chunk which is left that can be included in the floor of the femoral triangle. Okay, so this was about the boundaries of the femoral triangle. Now let's move on to the contents of femoral triangle. So contents of femoral triangle from medial to lateral FPC there is a mnemonic which you can remember that is vein artery and nerve band. Okay, so the medial most structure is femoral vein and femoral artery and the lateral most structure is femoral nerve. Okay, and here there is also one nerve that's the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve that also you can include in content and there are a few lymph nodes, the deep inguinal lymph nodes which we can see. Right, so lymph nodes then these main contents vein artery and nerve are the chief contents and vein and artery FPC they are covered in a sheath which is called as femoral sheath. Let's look at the femoral sheath as well. So there is a schematic diagram of the femoral sheath we are viewing it from the superior aspect. Imagine this is the right thigh only. Okay, so there is a sheath which covers the femoral vein as well as the femoral artery and there is the medial most compartment of the sheath that is referred to as the femoral canal. Okay, and nerve this is the femoral nerve which lies outside the femoral sheath. Okay, why is it so because the femoral sheath is formed by two layers on the anterior aspect there is spacia transversalis and on the posterior aspect there is spacia iliacca. Okay, and the nerve actually originates behind the spacia iliacca so that is the reason why it is lying outside the femoral sheath. Okay, and the medial most compartment is the femoral canal. The upper part of the femoral canal is referred to as the femoral ring and this opening is important as in a blood anatomy of femoral triangle will learn there is femoral hernia the contents of the abdomen they protrude through this femoral ring into the femoral canal and it comes into the thigh. Okay, so for femoral hernia this region is important. Okay, this is schematic diagram of the femoral sheath again so from medial to lateral if we see there is an empty space here then vein and artery along with femoral branch of genital femoral nerve there is also schematic diagram the medial most compartment also contains a lymph node okay lymph node of clockwork and this is the femoral vein and femoral artery okay femoral artery let's see in details so the external iliac artery when it crosses the inguinal ligament it is labeled as femoral artery and its name changes as popliteal artery at this opening the adductor hiatus okay and femoral artery has got certain branches in the femoral triangle that we should be knowing so there are superficial branches as well as deep branches let's see that so superficial branches we had learnt in the roof of the femoral triangle as well okay which were the superficial external pyridendal artery superficial epigastric artery then superficial circumplex iliac artery okay these three are the superficial branches deep branches include profunda femoris artery deep external pyridendal artery and muscular branches okay all these branches of femoral artery we should be knowing the profunda femoris artery is the largest of all the branches and it also give further branches as the lateral circumplex femoral artery medial circumplex femoral artery okay so this was about the femoral artery now let's look at the femoral now as well so this is the femoral now branches which is shown root value of femoral now we should be knowing l2 l3 l4 dorsal divisions okay dorsal divisions ventral primary rami similar root value is for obturator now which is also l2 l3 l4 but ventral divisions okay so there is a main trunk of femoral now when it crosses the inguinal ligament it enters the femoral triangle and in the femoral triangle it only has got about two centimeters of course and further it divides into anterior division and posterior division okay anterior division of femoral nerve is predominantly cutaneous except one muscular branch that muscular branch is to the sartorius muscle okay and cutaneous branches include the intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh, medial cutaneous nerve of thigh right and posterior division of the femoral nerve it is predominantly muscular except one cutaneous branch and that cutaneous branch is the saphenous nerve okay so posterior division is predominantly muscular to which muscles so these muscles fastest lateral is medial is intermedial articular is general all these muscles in the anterior compartment are supplied by posterior division of femoral now except the sartorius okay sartor is supplied by anterior division okay so this was about femoral now now let's cover the applied anatomy of femoral triangle so an applied anatomy femoral hernia is the most important applied anatomy that you all should be knowing femoral hernia means contents of the abdominal protruding in the femoral triangle through the femoral canal right and it is more common in females because of the wider pelvis the size of the femoral canal is large right and other applied anatomy include the site of femoral artery and site of femoral now we should be knowing femoral artery is located in the mid-enguinal point what do you understand by mid-enguinal point it is the midpoint of the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine okay that is the mid-enguinal point and midpoint of inguinal ligament is another term for which we include the midpoint of pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine it is slightly lateral to the femoral artery okay so for cannulation of the femoral artery for example arterial blood gas analysis arterial puncture has to be done or for contrast radiography certain die has to be passed through the femoral artery okay so site is important and for femoral now blockage of the femoral now for certain procedures so we should be knowing the location of these structures okay now let's look at the dissected specimen images of the femoral triangle so here we can see there is the right side left side both side femoral triangle are dissected here try to identify the muscle here this is the sartorius muscle this muscle is the adductor longest muscle okay and here are the contents of femoral triangle let's see another images as well here is the right sided femoral triangle showing the contents here we can see femoral vein femoral artery and the lateral most structure is the femoral now okay femoral now is shown very clearly in this image so as we can see it has got only a very short course and further it is getting dividing into branches okay there is also a dissected image in which the sartorius has been cut to expose the femoral artery properly so this is the femoral artery and we can see the largest branch from the femoral artery this is the profunda femoris artery okay and this image shows the floor of the femoral triangle the medial most structure here this is the adductor longest muscle then there is spectaneous muscle then there is tendon of sauce major muscle and the lateral most is iliacus muscle okay these four muscles from the floor from medial to lateral this muscle which we can see is sartorius it's not included in the floor it's included in the lateral boundary of femoral triangle okay so let's summarize what we have covered in this particular session we started with the boundaries of femoral triangle contents we enumerated the contents as well as we saw little bit details about the femoral artery as well as the femoral now and in applied anatomy we learnt about the femoral hernia as well as the site of femoral artery and femoral now for certain procedures and lastly I had shown you the dissected specimen images of the femoral triangle okay so for pdf handout of this particular session you all can whatsapp me at this number and please do watch other sessions of this youtube channel okay thank you