 I'll give a short introduction. My name is Ganesh Uwar. I secured all India rank 39 in this year's Indian Forest Service examination. I have attempted three preliminary exams and I've cleared Forest Service cutoff in all the three preliminary exams. My scores has been in 2016, I got 142 marks, 2017 my score was 130 marks and this year last year it was 116 marks. So I've cleared Forest Service cutoff and with based on that I'll be having a discussion today. First of all let me tell you how you can utilize this section to the maximum. We have a limited number of days towards preliminary. So personally I believe your time for gathering content is over. Personally I believe. Now you should focus on two things, revising whatever content you have. Second thing, how to approach questions you don't know. That should be your focus. First of all, how many of you are aspiring for Indian Forest Service here in addition to civil services? Okay, quite a good number. So the key to clearing, especially civil cutoff and especially Forest Service cutoff is that you have to attempt questions you don't know. That means 95 plus questions you have to attempt. And if, how many of you attempted preliminary last year? Okay, okay. So I hope you have some of your might have cleared too. Given last year's paper, there is very little you can do to control your preparation. Last year, so many questions were random, so many questions from here and there. So you have to learn to adopt. So from my session, please don't focus on content. I'm not going to clear concepts because even my knowledge level is not that good. But I can assure you I didn't clear three problems with my huge content. I cleared with some what I feel is a logical and smart approach to things. So from this session, when I discuss each questions, try to grasp the approach I'm using. If I'm saying that this question you can solve only by knowledge, that means you have to revise if you didn't get it correct. But if I'm saying that you can solve this question even without knowing with an approach, try to grasp that approach, imbibe it and next test you apply that and increase your attempts because I'm sure you must have done enough discussions. Your content level will be very good. Now try to see the approaches. So I will not be discussing every question in detail or every concept. I'll give you what some x factors which can help you increase your preliminary scores, especially for a service cutoff if you are aspiring. So the basic structure of the discussion will be, I'll be taking a question. I'll be saying the answer, explaining the answer. If there is a trick involved where you can solve it without knowing the question, I'll be using that. Plus, I'll be mapping the area to the static part, which area you should focus on because those are high yield areas for problems. You please note it down. Also, I'll be giving you extra two, three related topics, which if you do, I'm sure will give you a agenda. This will be the structure of the discussion. And if you have any doubts, I'll be here. We can personally discuss which I'll, I feel I can better contribute. But if you feel your doubts are very relevant to the discussion, feel free to stop me whenever or then especially I am liable to make errors. Even I am a student. I'm also preparing. So liable to make errors. If anything, please feel free to point out. Let's do it in a very interactive way. Okay. I'll start without wasting time. I'll start. Okay. First question. With reference to Raman, consider the following statements. It is a religious festival and ritual theater of a particular village in Uttarakhand. The festival is not performed elsewhere in Himalayan region except in this village. Each caste and occupational group has a distinct role in the festival. First of all, the answer is A, 1, 2, 3. All these statements are correct. Now, how will I read this question? This is a content question. You have to go through this area if you have to answer this question. So which is the most important area anybody can tell me where this question comes from? Art and culture. Yes. UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage and India's which all things are there. Mudiator, Kodi atom, Vedic chanting. Last year I think, last year or the last before last year, Sankirtanak question came from Manipur. It comes from this area only. That means this area is highly relevant for problems. So you have to go. I hope you are using Nithin Singhanya or any other cultural material or even website to go through the same. Read every intangible cultural heritage, especially mark the unique points such as it is not available in any region. So which place it is there, what is the nature of the thing, how long it has been there. So that is the approach you have to use. So revise that area, mark that area. Okay. With respect to this question, the first religion ritual data, I hope many will get correct. It is not performed elsewhere. It is a fact with respect to Raman. Invite that. And third each caste. The Brahmins have a different role. Those performing the role of God has a different role. So you take that too. That is with respect to first question. Second question, with reference to religious history of India, consider the following statements regarding Ajivika school. One based on the theory of atoms, two opposed both Buddhism and Jainism. Did you see the word, the way I stressed opposed. This is how you should read a statement. Because once you are, for example, once you frame an MCQ on your own, what you will do is for opposed, you will say support. So that is one way the examiner can frame a statement. They supported Buddhism and Jainism. So pick these kind of words where you think the examiner might have twisted the meaning. So this is how you stress on those words. They oppose both Buddhism and Jainism. So this examiner can put, they oppose Buddhism, but support Jainism. See, this is a ways in which you can twist a statement. Third is Ashoka's 13th pillar edict mentioned about Ajivika. The answer here is one and two. And this is again a content question, art and culture, content question, which is the area, schools of philosophy, heterodox schools and orthodox schools. I'm sure everybody must have come across it, whichever book you are referring, definitely go through this area. It is very important. It is usually as Charavaga school. So if you had read that, and if you had read that Vaisheshika school, I hope I'm not wrong, derives its atomic theory from Ajivika school, you can easily mark the first option right. So if you mark first option right, then B gets eliminated. So your answer becomes more streamlined. So definitely read this portion, then also Buddhism and Jainism. One year, one question, definitely you are going to get. And if you notice a trend, one year they ask Buddhism, next year they ask Jainism, again Buddhism. So definitely read up whatever source you have been reading, revise Buddhism and Jainism. Here the answer is one and two, because 13 pillar edicts mentioned about Ashoka's Kalinga or his other triumphs and not about Ajivika sect. So the answer is one and two. The first two statements are incorrect. The first two statements you will get from content only. You can't apply any trick. So that is done. With respect to this, in your key, there are certain keywords given. For example, Lomas Rishi cave. If you see your answer key, it is given that the Lomas Rishi cave was fraternized for Ajivika sect by Ashoka. That's a very important statement. They can twist the name of the cave and give it to you. It can be some Ajanta cave, Loro cave, and the answer is wrong. So give, underline that, the last line of the key, the Lomas Rishi cave. Then please go and Google Lomas Rishi cave, its entrance. It has wooden carving, some peculiar features. Please make a note of it and save it in a reverendote or answer book. This is how you go through the answer key. You don't get, say for example, I'll give you away. First, the first question. There are, you don't go through the entire key. UPSC is not going to ask you very mundane statements. They are going to ask you very specific statements. For example, I can tell you the only keywords in the first answers key is the twin villages of Salurdungra, Uttarakhand, Raman, mass dances. Did you see that word? I'm sure many go through the key, but forget to see these kind of words. It's a mass dance. There are mass dances. They can give you, it's a completely unmasked dance, which is a wrong statement. So mass dances. So these kind of keywords you pick up from the key. For with respect to the second question, heterodox school. So Ajivika, they will give, Ajivika school is an orthodox school. It is a wrong statement. This is how they will twist these words. So heterodox, they will put orthodox. Orthodox, they will put heterodox. So have this idea. Imagine you yourself in the shoes of an examiner and then attempt the question. So heterodox schools, same time as Buddhism, Jainism, Makkali Gaushal, the founder. Then did you see the statements? His doctrines and those of followers are known only from Buddhist and Jainist sources. So there is no peculiar Ajivika sources. This becomes a very important statement for your exam. Only Buddhist and Jainist sources. So mark that too. The Lomas Rishi Cave, Google it. Different caves, you make a note of different caves. Ajandai Ellora, which were Chaitiyas, which were Biharas, make a note of it. This is how you go back from the Ansaki. And I would definitely recommend, since you have less than three weeks, revise backwards. Solve a paper, which area you are getting wrong, go through the static part, instead of revising the whole book again and again. Otherwise, it will not be a targeted revision. You need to pick up things. This is my personal suggestion. All right. Sorry, Ashok. They oppose Buddhism and Jainism. They were not supportive of Buddhism and Jainism, as I can read from the text. Even otherwise, I don't know. But no, it's not a subset of Jainism. No, it's a derived form, maybe, but not a subset anyway. Ajivika school, I'm sure. The third question. The Reserve Bank of India has sold its entire stake in the National Housing Bank and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. Now what will be the immediate consequence? UPSC plays with these kind of words. They can tell you what are the long-term consequence. Then maybe many of the statements are right, but they are saying what will be the immediate consequence? So immediate. This is a question you can answer without even knowing it, okay? I'll give you a logic. I didn't know the answer to this question. But the first statement says, Union governments control over these would be fully reduced. Now, we all know that nabad is a regulatory body. So govern, rural body, it is a rural functions, regulatory body. So will government disperse with its function with respect to nabad? Will government let private sector control nabad? No, so first statement is wrong. This is how you logically reduce an answer. I don't know the answer. The banks now will be maintained by the private management. Same logic, will it be right? No, so that is wrong. Now the banks would become public limited and general public will come. Regulatory function, the same rural people. See, RBI sold its stakes in this banks because there is an inherent conflict of interest. The same body, which is regulating, shouldn't own it. Now they are dispersing loan to the public. The same body dispersing loan to the public. Will they let them own it again? No, that is logically not very consistent. See, this is the fourth statement. Bank will now, we fully become government organization, which is a very good possibility. So the most logical of all the four options, we marked that, and this is right, this is right. You don't need to know the answer. We marked it without knowing the answer. Fourth thing, now this is an example of a peculiar type of question. In this context of taxation in India, the term exempt, exempt, exempt is applicable to which one of the following. Now, this UPSC does this, and what UPSC, this is one area where I would like you to emphasize, UPSC doesn't ask you to go to depth regarding anything. If you had just followed newspaper, Arun Jayakli, every day staying statements, a public provident fund is like this, X and EEE, every day it was coming in the newspaper. UPSC is not asking you the details of EEE, and it will never ask you that. I'm very sure. They are just doing, did you go through the newspaper and see what EEE is related to? And the answer is public provident fund. The answer is B. So, now you don't need to go through the newspaper, but whichever current affairs book or newspaper or notes you revise, make a note of such very striking keywords, triply. It's a key word, it's a striking key word, make a note, have a separate notebook, revise it before the day of prelims, okay? Now, the objective of Hunter Committee was to, the answer I, sorry, Jaleen Wadhamasakar, the dires and everything, inquiring into the actions of general dire, but math, sorry. There is an Hunter Committee for education also, but it is not given in the options, so that is fine. But map the area, which area? Now, if I'm revising, based on this answer key, I'll definitely go back and revise every committee, historical committee, because I think last year Butler was asked. Butler relates to the Indian federal system in the British era, every single British committee, Fraser, I think it's important, police reforms. So, every single important British committee, make a separate note in an ever note or something, just go through it repeatedly, so that when you see the name, you strike it and you see it, okay? Then, next question, which of the following is geographically closest to Netaji Subash-Sindrabhu's island? This is a very good way of asking a current affairs question indirectly. This is a very usual question, Andaman Nicobar Islands, which is the closest island, but they are not asking that. And they are not asking which island was renamed as Netaji Subash-Sindrabhu's island. They are asking, it's a very beautiful question, very intelligently twisted it. It's just a current affairs knowledge. The answer is Myanmar, but what you have to know is, they can ask you like this also. Rosai, they won't directly ask you. They can, you know, in circles, they can ask you. So, make a note, the answer is Myanmar. Which of the following national parts of India is recognized as Tiger Reserve, important bird sanctuary, and UNESCO World Heritage Site? It is Kaseranga. I hope you the answer is Kaseranga. It is Kaseranga. And can I ask you something? Of four national sanctuaries, which one have you heard the most? Kaseranga, I hope, right? I mean, I hope it is Kaseranga, because I heard Kaseranga the most, and obviously I would feel Kaseranga is the most important. If a national park, because this was asked for my interview in IFS also, if a national park is a Tiger Reserve, if it is an important bird sanctuary, if it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is so important. And in India, I don't think Kaseranga, of all these four Kaseranga is the most famous. So, by that logic, I'll add them that question. It's a risk worth taking. So, I'll attempt that question. It is right anyway. So, take risk, okay? If you have, especially for IFS aspirants, these kind of questions you never leave because you don't know, take risk and attempt it. 95% for chance it's that, it is right. And you will only regret the risk you didn't take at the end of the exam. So, do that. All right. Next, but let me ask you, how many of you are finding difficult to memorize national parks where it is located? What is the signature or the, you are, okay. At least there are a few. What I can do is you go to Wikipedia. At the end of, search any Nasek Kaseranga, scroll down. At the end, they're stabilized, Andaman and Nicobar, which all national parks are there. Maharashtra, which all national parks are there. They have given that. You just go through it daily. I'm sure you will find the location easy. And 90% of the questions regarding to national park, if you find the location, you can answer that. So, do that. Where is Great Himalayan National Park? Okay, where is Kaili Adiyo? San, where is Bandipur? Good. Which among the following statement best describes the DRDO's recent project entailed as Countelia? Okay, let me start. Good. Let me ask you something. What was a space, which was a mission which related to space, good. So, you can eliminate B. Those who don't know, everybody would have read that news. It was a popular news, we can eliminate B. Stealth technology to Tejas aircraft, not likely. Anti-torpedo, or even we know it's a makeup option. So, first thing is the right thing. Also, Countelia, so surveillance, I'm thinking, I would apply the logic, Countelia. Countelia was related to statecraft and everything, something with secrecy surveillance. So, if I have to guess, I'll guess A. So, you can use that logic also, going by the literal sense of the word. But otherwise, it's a very popular current affairs. You should have got it right. Okay. Now, again, which one of the following is the core objective when the recently notified, Shan and Mandit? This is a particular, you know it or you don't know it. This is a very knowledge specific question. I'm sure any standard current affairs would have covered it. The answer is fissile material cutoff. But if you go through the key, you can find a number of keywords. First thing, it's a proposed thing. It's not negotiated till now. So, if UPSC is asking which of the following is correct with respect to Shan and Mandit. I think it was, there were similar questions about international organizations. They will give you a statement. It is a negotiated agreement. Now recently negotiated in UN, under the ages of UN. Anyway, it is non-negotiated, it's just proposed. So, that is wrong. Then, now it is meant for those in NPT who already have nuclear weapons and non-signatories like Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea. They can easily twist the statement and give you. It's for over 191 members of UN, something like that. Which is wrong. This is to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons among such countries. So, these kind of things you mark with the red in your key or make it a note to make it converted to a note. Who can revise it beforehand? FMCET. Now, one area I can map from this, every named declaration, every named agreement, make a separate note in Evernote. I used to do that in Evernote. If you are doing it offline, fine. Make a separate note and revise it. London patient, Kimberley process. All these were in use. What is Kimberley process, anyone? Diamond, what diamond? Conflict diamonds. Yes. So, Brasilia declaration, Chennai declaration, Delhi declaration, make a separate note. Every name, just know what it relates to. We can, I think 99% of questions you can answer with that. At least know that, okay? And these kind of agreements, NPT. Who are the non-signatories? Who are the signatories? Who's a LASTER signatory? Those kind of things. NSG, then all those four. NSG, Australia group, Bhasinar group, MTCR. All these questions you go through. You go through these areas. Please know these areas, go through these areas. Okay, 10 questions. This is a question you can answer without knowing the statement. I will try to show you how I would approach it. If you find the argument valid, take that. Consider the following statements with respect to vacuum toilets. So it's a vacuum toilet. Can you give me one place where you see vacuum toilets? Flights, airplane. So we have seen that. There is no water. It's, there is suction working. Okay, it is based upon positive pressure. Okay, I don't know that statement. So there are three options with one. We have to find the not correct. One, one and four, one, two, three, four. Bio-digester converts waste into water, consumes less amount of water, operates even in non-gravity manner. Bio-digester, it's a bio thing, therefore it should definitely convert waste into something eco-friendly, not where something talks it. So that statement should be right. It's an innocent statement. So I will go that two is right. So which all options I can eliminate? T and D. So I have what I am remaining, one and one and four. So should I even read the third statement? No, it's not relevant for my exam. So don't waste any time in such statements. This is what I want to show you. People read every word, every understanding. No, first go to the options. See if it is right. I don't even need to read three, because three is right. So I'm getting three is right. Now one and one and four. I should pick the not correct statement. Operates even in non-gravity manner. Let me ask you something. You must have seen vacuum cleaner. So I know that bio vacuum toilets works with suction. Can't I suck from above? Can't I suck from below? Can't I suck from the sides? So is gravity a necessary aid to this? No. So operates even in non-gravity manner shouldn't be right. So four should be right. So it can't be B. So I don't even know what first statement is. I still I got the right answer. Are you getting my way? Are you getting my approach? This is how you approach questions you don't. I'm sure many might have known this and very good if you know, but those who didn't know or made it wrong, this is how you approach this. Just go to logical statements. If you please it doesn't ask you something very logical or questions you don't know. Just see where did I see this? How can I process? Just go. Okay. Any doubts if you have, please feel free to stop me. Okay. Another question we can answer without. How many of you got it wrong? 11th question. The answer is D. All is right. Everyone is correct. Anybody who got it wrong? Okay. Okay. Good. What is the benefit of applying gypsum to the soil? Quite frankly, I don't know. I don't know. But let's see. I know that I have read, we have read somewhere, at least some, or we have seen in our homes that adding gypsum, we add gypsum to soil. We know that, right? So something which is bad will be add to a soil for agriculture. Will we do? No. So gypsum must be helpful. Let us pick options which aid us. Improves water infiltration. That is a helpful thing. So if gypsum can help me, I will do that. So I will be doing that because, so I add gypsum. It must be helpful. Improves water infiltration is a helpful trait. So I am assuming two is right. Acts as a core source of calcium and sulfur. If we had read about plaster of Paris or anything in high school or 10 standard, we know that gypsum formula has something to do with CA and so forth. So calcium and sulfur is there. So three is also right. So which option will I see? I don't know what is one. Two and three. How many options have two and three? D. So the answer is D. Okay. Fine. 12th question. I think most of you would have got it right. Nota is a right to reject a candidate. Do we reject a candidate with Nota? Or do we reject all candidates? So one is wrong. As per Supreme Court direction, Nota can also be used in Rajasabha elections. Which system do we follow in Rajasabha elections? Proportion of representation. Can we have Nota there? Is it logical to have Nota? We have to select somebody. So it's not. So the answer is D. Now, consider following with reference to most favored nation status. The answer is D. Neither of this is correct. Can anyone tell me what the first option is called? The principle mandates not to discriminate between its own and foreign product services or nationals. National treatment, who said that? Very good, very good. Excellent. So that is this. The first statement is not MFN. But see how they intelligently used another WTO concept itself to frame a statement. And many we will mark it wrong. But we have to see very narrow difference. It's the most favored nation. How will it relate to products and services or nationals? So that is national treatment, not MFN. That's why it is wrong. Now, see that second statement. This is one area I want you to write your attention to. There are no exceptions allowed under any circumstances. How many extreme words are they using? No exceptions. Any circumstances under the MFN status. We denied MFN to Pakistan. That is an exception. So simple current affairs can help us know that it is wrong. So neither one or two. That's okay, very good. And here, which all areas will be mapped? One, what's the IOC and status of angle? Very good. So every critically endangered species make a special note where they are found in India, pygmy, hog or whatever. No, which all are critically endangered because with that itself, you can eliminate an option. Then no, which all places they are in India. No, it's geographically a map wise, fine. Because this was asked. Cable, Namjao, Sangai, Deer, floating national park. This was asked once in preliminary. So this is an important area. Okay, where is Mahas National Park? Awesome. Where is Simlipal? Good, very good. Okay, 15 question. This is another question you can attempt without knowing the answer. You'll see how. Because when evaporated water leaves behind the dissolved salts in top soil, which among the following are the possible remediation measures? Okay, there is an answer none of the above. I don't think none of the above would be a right answer because at least one should be a possible measure. I'm not even reading the options, but at least one. So I wouldn't go for none of the above at the onset. Okay, let me see. Installing artificial perforated drainage pipes. So this is salinization. It is trying to stop evaporation. So perforated pipes should help. I'm thinking two. I'm thinking two is right. Flushing the land with fresh water, obvious option. It's an obvious option. Nobody should have a doubt where three is right. Three is wrong or not. So two and three should be there. So which all options we can eliminate? A and C, good. Two and three, two, three, four. So now we need to see where one and four is right. Fallow land, planting barley, cotton, sugar beet. Fallow land, if you have read something, we know that if we create a plot of land for the saline water to flow over, this will be good land and that will settle there. That will be a fallow land. It will go bad anyway. So if you have read something regarding this, creating an artificial space for saline water to flow over, we know that fallow land is right. If you have gone through it, I'll tell you one word regarding this. So one is right. So I will not even read four because I don't know, but I'm thinking there are less water dependent crops or something. So one, two, three, four is right. Let me tell you one thing. Here I eliminated fallow land based on something I read. This is what Roman Saini calls an unacademy of video, pre-existing knowledge base. Something you might have read even in your tense standard. Some word you are familiar. Earlier we solved a question with knowing that gypsum has a formula of C-A-S-O-4. That's something we read in tense standard. I'm sure you didn't prepare that for preliminary. So anything you read once, it's called pre-existing knowledge base. If you don't know a question, spend, like I said, save time in unnecessary options. For example, one question we saw that we didn't even need to read three. We had got the answer without reading three. There is no reward for reading unnecessary things. Even in CSAT, don't read the entire paragraph. Just answer the questions, go to the paragraph answer it and leave it. Don't waste time there. Similarly, save time, sit in these questions. Think, do I know this keyword from somewhere, elementary school, high school, anywhere, and try to answer, pre-existing knowledge base, tap into that. Okay, 16th question. Consider the following statements with regard to Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Now, under the Wildlife Protection Act, Indian Board of Wildlife was established, which is chaired by the Minister of Environment and Forest. And advisory, can anybody tell me where they can twist this statement, the chair? Exactly, it's the prime minister. It is one of the few bodies where prime minister himself is the chair. So that is twisted. So why, which all options are eliminated? A, C, D, so what's the right answer? Should I even read the second and third statements? No, but do read it because it's important. Jammu Kashmir does not follow the act and they have special provisions with respect to their wildlife. The fact that, that is for your knowledge, but see, I didn't have to, so I can, this is how I save time in questions. One is wrong and the questions are so well crafted that if I eliminate one, I get B. Okay, but read the two and three that is actually very important. Elephant rate information system, system for tracking the illegal trade in ivory and other elephant products. Database has been tracking seizures of elephant specimens occurring worldwide since 1989. It is managed by traffic. You should get the answer here itself. Which organization is related to traffic? Sites. So you get the answer. You don't even read the other parts of the question, but do read it. What they are asking, we don't know. Wildlife trade monitoring network for which all of your organization are mentioned, traffic, so it's sites. Now go to the answer key and read everything they have given about sites. It's very important. Every environmental organization is important, especially sites, traffic that relates to IUC and WWF very important. Make a special note. If you have made a note, revise it on a priority basis. I'm hoping you all follow Shankar environment book. Do revise it. Sites, every organized environment organization provided there are videos also in YouTube. If you feel lazy, just go listen to it when you are having food or something. Listen to it repeatedly. It will go inside. Do that. All right, 18. India had joined the elite club of global superpowers by making a significant headway in the field of technology with its operation Shakti. Which one of the following statements best describes about the objective of operation Shakti? The answer is D, but do you know what they tested there? The other thing is called mission Shakti. It's not operation Shakti. So in the nervousness of the exam, there is a tendency seeing Shakti, you will mark it wrong. There is a good tendency and they have given it in B also. So don't follow my approach whether I got the answer, let's not read it. No. Just think what the examiner could have done to twist the statement. Just think, well, be in the examiner's shoes. If you have done MCQ work for some institutes, you might know what you do to create questions. The examiner goes by the same approach, hopefully this year. So just think. The investment trends monitor report. The answer is factual. I think it's UNCTAD, okay? UNCTD, but the important thing is reports. Do every important report, especially those repeatedly asked like logistics report or ease of doing business. We all know it's World Bank. Do that. How many of you are finding it difficult to do that? How many of you don't have a source with respect to reports? Anybody? Okay. Do one thing, clear IAS. There is a website. You Google clear IAS reports. They will have a tabulated chart. You just go repeatedly read it. Two, three, four times you read it. If you have a good source, then fine. This is what I used. So it's fine. I'm thinking IAS Parliament has a reports current of Facebook. Okay. You can read that also. With respect to a difference between GEF, very important organization, very important body, GEF. Every year they're asking some question, at least in mock test, you will help increase your score in mock test at least because they are very important. I can't stress how important. So definitely go through GEF and GCF. It is a difference. It's a very good question. You learn a lot from this question, okay? The answer is C, both one and two, both are right. It is designated as an operating entity of financial mechanism of the UNFCCC only, which one GCF? Whereas GEF acts as an operating entity of other conventions also, which is right. Many conventions, for example, Minamata, even including Minamata, I think GEF operates on that, but GCF is only for climate change related things. If you go to the key, one area UPS is stressing on these years is when it was formed. If you go to the key, you could know that GCF was formed in 2010 or important role. I think it was formed in 2010, right? I'm unable to locate it, but has it been given? Yes, I think climate change in 2010. So it's not Paris climate agreement. So they can twist it, where you in recently held Paris agreement, they formed something called GCF, no, that's not right. So when you are reading something, do look upon the year of formation, whether it was formed in India, whether the first submit was held in India, these kind of things, you please note this. First submit held in India, whether it was formed in India, which year it was formed, do look it up, okay? That does occur to GCF. There is a GCF, read the answer key, please. Note that it was formed in 1992 RIO World Summit. Can anybody tell me how they can twist it? They can give you the RIO plus 10, RIO plus 20. This is a way they can twist it, which is very easy also because we'll fall for it because we see the word RIO. So don't fall for it. It was 1992 RIO Summit. Make a note of all organizations formed during the 1992 RIO World Summit. I think CBDE, everything. Make a note, know by heart, which all organizations were formed in 1992 RIO World Summit. There is a word, private sector, civil society, international institution, know its role. So that is a GCF and GCF, know the difference. GCF exclusively climate change, unlike GCF, it's just broader areas. Now don't, I hope many now know the technique that extreme statements are usually wrong. Don't go by that logic everywhere. Here exclusively dedicated, many will mark it wrong, no. Not all exclusive statements are wrong, not all extreme statements are wrong. It is exclusively dedicated climate change as very evident from its name itself, all right? 21st question. As one travels from the tropical rainforest equator, frozen tundra passes through a variety of biomes including deserts, temperate and deserts forests. The primary reason, give emphasis to keywords, the primary reason because all these statements are right. In one way or the other, you can argue that all, especially B and C, we can argue that it is right. But what is our asking? The primary reason, it is very specifically given in Shankar, it is a temperature and rainfall. So primary reason, underline that. If you haven't noticed that, underline that primary reason. They are asking the primary reason, all right? What is the basic reason? No, this is a question. How many of you didn't know the answer to this question? I will tell you, I can show you a very interesting approach. Okay, not a good number. So you knew the answer, okay, very good. I didn't know the answer. Okay, United Indian Patriotic Association in the 1880s. Okay, I will show you an approach. They're asking the basic reason. First, Indian independence. Was Indian independence an idea in the 1880s? It came with Jaalal Nehru those time. But definitely, no, 1880 is even before the formation of Congress. We never went for Indian independence. So first statement is wrong. I know it is wrong. To support the activities of Congress, was Congress from the 1880? It was from the 1985, so that is wrong. To raise the political literacy among masses, was mass, who brought the concept of masses to Indian politics? Gandhiji, when did Gandhiji come? 1950, or at the most extremists? That not 1880 anyway. And even moderates have not come by that time. See, it's wrong. So what's the answer? D, I didn't know the answer. I got the answer. Okay, so you know basic history. Everybody can do it, basic, eliminate options with respect to it. Just think, did that happen that way? Did it happen this way? Just think, okay. Now the 23rd question, 15th August, I'm sure everybody know. We will think, here in these kind of questions, think about examples, which all we relate to the foreigners after independence, Pondicherry, French, Goa, Portuguese. So you know the answer. One and three, but make a note of the order of arrival of Europeans and order of leaving of Europeans. Okay, that is it. Now 24th question, it's also easy. Tenure of the deputy speaker of Lok Sabha and vice chairman of Rajasabha is the same. What is the duration of Rajasabha members? And what is the duration of Lok Sabha members? So definitely wrong. So A is wrong, B is wrong. We have B and C. Tenure of chairman of the state legislative council, speaker of state, same concept, six versus five, two is wrong, two is wrong. So I don't even need to need three, please write. I'm not even reading three, but please read three. Tenure of the speaker of Lok Sabha and chairman of Rajasabha is the same, true. Okay, answer the following statements regarding Amravati High Court. Yeah, this is a current affairs question. And if you have been following current affairs, not reading it, did we hear about an amendment to the constitution to form a high court? Did we even read the newspapers? No, we never read. So two must be wrong. If two is wrong, what is the answer? That's how you approach it. But actually it is a 25th high court. It was created by a presidential order and the strength of the high court will be determined. The president do go through the key, but the approach is this. I didn't hear a news regarding a constitutional amendment for a high court. So two is wrong. Because we have been following news. Those who didn't read the news, please don't approach this. Just read the statements and try to approach it. Is it there in current affairs materials you are using? This fact is this area, Amravati High Court. Now the logayukta, not correct statement. Please Google or if your current affairs, definitely go through logpal and logayukta. Every aspect related to it. We read a lot. Please map it to which area, statutory bodies, constitutional bodies in Lakshmikant. Definitely go through it. Make a note of it. I think GK today has covered it very well. Every minute aspects, make a note of it. Here the answer is B. Not all members are drawn from judicial stream. 50% members. Other 50% of SCSD minority women I guess. The other things are right. So they make a factual note of it. It will be created by the statutory law, especially. We saw Arvind Kejriwal all fighting for the law. So even without reading it, I know there is a law. The chairperson will be appointed by the governor. It's logayukta. It's a state body, so definitely governor. Only a retired judge of the High Court obviously appoint a chairperson. That is also right. D, no, no. Not all are drawn from judicial stream. This is how you approach, but definitely read logayukta and logpal. Now, economics question. How many of you find it difficult? 27. Anybody? Okay. To increase money supply in an economy, I'll discuss this conceptually because conceptual knowledge will easily help you crack this question, this type. To increase the money supply in an economy, the central bank must ensure which are the following actions. Okay. Buying the government bonds in the open market. What do you call this operation? Oh, very good. Buying the government bonds in the open market. For those who didn't get it, what is a bond? You issue a bond, you get money in return. So if you're buying a bond, you're paying money, right? You're paying back the money. So money goes into the economy. Does it implies money supply? Yes. So to reduce money supply, what will you do? Sell bonds and absorb the money. They pay you. So your central bank absorbs the cash. So one is right or wrong, right? So which all options we can eliminate? C. Increasing the cash reserve ratio. I hope you understand CRR and SLR. Let's not go into depth. This is something the banks have to maintain, fine? The banks have to keep aside a requisite amount of cash, security of gold as CRR, SLR. If we increase it, that means bank keeps more cash. Yes, CRR, SLR, will that increase money supply? Will they lend that amount? No, how banks can increase money supply, lending the money they have. So we have to decrease CRR, SLR, fine? So which all options are wrong here again? A is wrong. Now we have one and three and one only. One is right anyway. Decreasing the reverse repo rate, I'll discuss that. Increasing SLR, is it right? No, we discussed, same CRR concept. So that won't help. So four is wrong anyway. Now decreasing the reverse repo rate, which is true. I'll just explain the concept. I'll try to explain. It's a little ambiguous for me also, but I'll try to explain. Repo rate and repo. Repo is reverse purchase, right? Re-purchase rate. Suppose RBI is giving loan to the banks. Suppose we are borrowing money some from one, we give them an interest. Repo rate is the interest the banks give to RBI when they return the money they borrowed. That it is as simple as that. So reverse repo rate is what the RBI purse. So use that logic to arrive at how reverse and it is, we call it in Malayalam, it is called Palisya. I don't know what you call it in Tamil, but interest, it's basically an interest. Repo is what bank pays RBI when it returns the money it borrowed and vice versa for reverse repo rate. Just use this concept to arrive at things. Okay, the answer is one and three. Don't go for much in depth. Just understand the basics. You will be able to solve the question. Now, which of the following institutions are major source of rural credit in India? Here the answer is one, two, three, four. 28, the answer is D. And why they have not given an explanation. There will be such questions in UPSC also. I can give you a way to approach such questions. See, when you see those questions ask yourself, I'm asking myself, rural credit, am I 100% sure that commercial banks will not give any rural credit? Are you sure? No, so commercial banks must be right. Cooperative credit societies, we see it in rural areas very much. So it must give, two is right. Regional rural banks, it has the word rural, it is right. Land development banks, definitely. It is land, rural, again related. So why not? So all the options. Ask yourself, are you 100% sure that any of this will not do what is given in the question? There are other questions also we see this approach. So the answer is one, two, three, four. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. We'll discuss this towards the end. Gives to the bank, okay. So the, if you're decreasing that, banks will not borrow from the RBI. Therefore, that will not lead to increase in money. Okay. Yes, bank will take more and lend more. The money's good. So the answer is increasing, right, right. Otherwise it should be decreasing the repo rate, I guess, yeah, true, very good. Did you get that? I mean, the third option, I read it as decreasing the repo rate. It's actually decreasing the reverse repo rate. From the way I told you, what is reverse repo rate? What's your name? Abhishek. Abhishek made a very valid point. What is reverse repo rate? I told you, repo rate is the interest that banks pay to the RBI. So what must be reverse repo rate? RBI pays to the banks, right? So if in your decreasing reverse repo rate, RBI, suppose they gave 10% interest rate to the banks. If you borrow money, I'll give you 10% interest. Now RBI is decreasing it saying, I'll give you only 5%. Will bank borrow more? No. What does bank do with the borrowed money? They lend it to the public. So if we are decreasing reverse repo rate, banks get lower interest rate. They will not borrow more. So they will not lend more. That will decrease the money supply. I read it as increasing the repo rate only, but I hope you got the concept. If you want me to explain, I'll explain it again. Anybody? You want me to, okay. I told you, repo rate and reverse repo rate, think of it as interest only, repo rate. Repo rate is the interest. Banks pay the RBI. When they return the money, they borrowed from RBI. Reverse repo rate is then what RBI pays banks. So if RBI increases reverse repo rate, that means they are paying more interest to the banks for borrowing. True, understood? So why do banks borrow? So they can lend and make profit. So increases the reverse repo rate, they borrow more, they lend more, money supply increases. True? They decrease the reverse repo rate. They borrow less, because they are not getting good interest rate from RBI. So they lend less. The lending activity is less. So the money supply will decrease. They increase the money supply. So they must increase the reverse repo rate. So that's a printing mistake. They must increase, yeah? Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay. Does it do both? Okay, but yes, because in questions also, we see repo rate only because that's a benchmark rate. More policy rate of benchmark rate, they operate with respect to repo rate only. And I hope the questions will be framed in that respect. If it goes that confusing, I don't know also. Let's not go del there. Let's understand the basic thing from an interest perspective. I think whatever previous year questions has been asked, the interest concept would help us solve it. And I don't think they will go much into it. It's not a banking exam. This is UPSC. I don't think they will go. We'll discuss it with the faculty anyway. But understand this concept. Any reverse repo, repo concept, think of it as interest. What banks pay to the RBI? Yes, please. Okay, center, okay. Hello. Hello. Hello, yes, please, sir, yes, please, sir. Hello. Yeah, yeah. Sir, if you can. If you can. I can hear, I can hear. I can hear, I can hear. Yes, sir. Yeah, thank you. About the reverse repo rate. It's about the monetary policy, right? Okay. Okay. I don't understand. I don't understand. I don't understand. Bro, please say anything. Please say anything, please. Okay, okay. I, in monetary policy, if the repo rate is decreased, automatically reverse repo rate is also decreased in our traditional. It is our traditional, we decrease. Just a percentage only, point 25 basis point only. True, true basis point, yes. Yes. In my doubt is, if repo rate is decreased means all. Okay, okay. Always be the reverse reports also be decreased. Bro. In other India. As per my analysis of, see what I am discussing is, what is relevant for us to solve UPSC question. I'm not an economist. I don't know the in-depth of the concept, but I have analyzed past 15 years of UPSC papers and all the questions they have asked, we can solve with a simple concept of, you don't confuse. If they ask reverse repo, think with respect to only to reverse repo. Don't think what happens to repo because they are not checking that. They just want, whether you understand the increase and decrease and its effect with respect to inflation or money supply. This is my understanding. We'll definitely take it up with, please take it up with the faculty. But my understanding for solving a UPSC prelims question, this much knowledge is sufficient based on past 15 years spent. And I'm sure I hope they don't ask very much in-depth. Is that good enough? Okay. Okay. Thank you bro. Thank you bro. Yeah, yeah. 26, yes. Yeah. Are they all drawn from? Why? Can they be a chairperson? No, it's not about five. Are all members drawn from judicial background? My opposition to that statement is not, can eminent persons be the chairperson? From what bro, from source I read it is only, but we can confirm it. Please raise such doubts because my source is DQ today and from what I read it is only, I read only a retired judge of High Court. Can eminent persons be chairperson? I'm not very sure. Will you look it up? Yeah. Yeah. Decreasing reverse repo rate means less interest to the banks from RBI. Reverse repo rate it is. It is reverse repo rate. RBI gives to the banks, not banks give to the, that is repo, repurchase. Yeah. I think it based on interest rate bro. I think based on interest rate only. Less interest rate, less borrowing. So they will give it less lending to the public. This is what I think on. We'll discuss it after the discussion. Yeah. Okay. Anybody else? Yeah, please. The answer is B. 27, no? One minute. Decreasing the reverse repo. No, no, I see. Since it is decreasing the answer is B, one only. Yeah. It should be increasing the reverse repo rate. Yes. Sorry. It's a printing mistake. All right. We can go to 29, which of the following is not an acceptable mitigation technique used to reverse the process of the certification. Now anybody has a doubt with respect to option D. Anybody thinks option D is wrong? Pre-forestation. I hope nobody marked it because that is very obvious. So not option D. Anybody has an option doubt with respect to option A. Protecting the soil. That is what we are supposed to do. So not option A. Now we have two options, hyper fertilizing the soil and encouraging large scale cultivation of the land to hold the soil in place. Large scale cultivation, continuous cultivation. Will it replenish the soil or will it destroy the soil? So is it a technique to mitigate the certification? No. So that is wrong. The answer is not. And please be assured if the question is asking incorrect if the question is asking not correct they will definitely put it in bold. Definitely put it in bold. So don't get paranoid regarding that. You will notice it. But the 30th question. Secondary air pollutant which among the following is carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. They're all single, single substances. Even if we don't know the concept that single, single can they be a derived pollutant? Their secondary pollutant means primary pollutants combined to form the derived pollutant. Can single substances be the derived pollutant? No. Acid rain. It is alpha plus NOx. So derived pollutant. So in this context look up these terms point non-point sources. Then secondary primary air pollutants. Ground layer ozone. What is the composition? Smoke, London smoke, all those kind of things. Please look it up in your environment book. Now the retired judges of the High Court are prohibited from pleading or acting. Which of the statements do you think? See one more especially Abhishek. One thing we can from last year's paper one thing I understand. So let's say don't think of me as a faculty I'm not a faculty. But think of me as someone discussing the paper with you. Take my approaches. One thing I notice is UPSC checks for the most correct answer. It is not like one answer is wrong, one answer is right. Always go for what UPSC can deem to be more because you know contentious where somebody filed a case in Supreme Court even contentious especially I think in 2017 problems. Every single damn question was contentious. So go for the most appropriate answer, the most correct answer. In 31st question the retired judges of the High Court are prohibited from pleading or acting. Which of the following options do you think? This is an approach raises the highest conflict of interest. See that should be the answer. The question should have been retired permanent judges. I mean there are adult judges also in High Court the retired permanent the question should have been the answer is C. The concept of liberty includes now these kinds of questions are recently as what is fundamental right? Is it concurrent with fundamental duty, legal duty? The legal rights those kinds of questions are asked. So the concept of liberty it's debatable. Please don't say this is right or that is right but I personally really think I go with the key absence of unjust restraints because maximum justice that's very ambiguous term. That's not even I don't know what that means. National liberation again I don't know what that means. Absence of all restraints don't we have restraints? Traffic rules, simple fundamental rights. Restrictory rights there are 19-2. So there are restraints. So absence of unjust restraints right words, right framing. So I'll go with that 32-8. Are you benefiting what I'm seeing? Are you able to get the flow? Okay, yeah, 29 show. 29, you have doubted option D, B and C. See hyper fertilizing even as a term I was unaware but as when I could look it up it is not a negative term. It is not overuse of fertilizers. It can be organic fertilizers too right? Think of it that way. Can it be organic fertilizers? If you're hyper organic fertilizing is it wrong? Sorry. That is large scale cultivation of the land to hold the soil in place. Cause a shelter bells those kinds of things mangroves yes. Okay, but hyper fertilizing does it always mean chemical fertilizers? That's what I thought. Okay, the word even C sounds right to me. Okay, hyper fertilizing the soil. I think they should have framed the question a little more better, maybe a repetitive cultivation something they should have done but I have to justify the key. But anyway, let's mark it. But I think they should have given encouraging large scale repeated cultivation of the same crop. Large scale, hold the soil in place which is a positive term yes. And hyper fertilizing the soil. But when I looked it up hyper fertilizing there is a concept in organic manner also where you apply organic manner. So that doesn't need not be wrong. So I think there is a little problem with the way the words are framed but rest assured UPSC questions won't be this ambiguous. We have written last year pre you know it will be very clear it will not be and it will not be such kind of ambiguity it will not be there. So I think that even I think that is debatable but I think the wording should have been the words should have been framed a little better. We'll mark that question okay. Now 33, article 74 there shall be a council of ministers with the prime minister head the aid and everything. The prime minister of India is is prime minister of India elected? Appointed good. Is he nominated? No. Is he selected? No. Who appoints the prime minister of India? Yeah. Put some point. Now a very reputating type of question democratic form of government. This is the other question which I said a concept of liberty. It is different from a totalitarian. Totalitarian means the kind of dictatorial government on the basis of what? Is it constitutionalism? You must have heard what is happening in Turkey. They have a constitution but it is amended to suit the person power. So can it be constitutionalism? No. Is it electoral system? Have you seen? You must have seen the dictator movie towards the election and the end. So it's not electoral system. Is it opposition parties? No. Nepal has opposition parties. I say good democracy, no. Is it rule of law? Definitely. What distinguishes a democracy is a rule of law. So see. So the other movie thing was a joke but definitely try to relate. You will get, sorry. Rule of law. Rule of law is what is concept by dicey. Doesn't mean the legal system. Abhishek, it means rule of law is a concept by dicey. And if there is a rule of that, no one is above the court. Everyone must be treated equal. Those kind of three principles are there. So it's not rule of law in legal term but it's a dicey concept. If you want you can read it in D. D. Basu, Lakshmiha and it is given. Rule of law. Okay, yeah. Okay. But thus present, I told you most right option. Among C and D what will we choose? Let's say there are opposition parties. But let's say there is no rule of law. For example, if the king commits a mistake or the prime minister commits a mistake is immune from law. He is answerable to no court. That is one concept of rule of law. Everybody should answer to the ordinary courts of land. So there are opposition parties. There is Rahul Gandhi. There is Prime Minister Modi. But they can commit anything they want. If they are prime minister. Is that a democracy? There is no rule of law in China. There is no rule of law. They subject anyone to arbitrary punishments. Whatever the party pleases. There is no rule of law in China. So rule of law is a fundamental concept of democracy. This question is not debatable as per me but definitely you can ask. No, no, I'm not saying don't ask questions. I'm saying it's not a debatable question. Yeah, please ask. Those are all antithetical to them. See, if there is no constitution in India there is no democracy. But I'm saying that is not the definitive answer when rule of law is given. That is what my point is. So if you suppress opposition parties that is antithetical to democracy, I agree. But given the options, the most right one is rule of law. I hope you get it. 35th question. Minorities and special interests can be best represented on democratic bodies by a system of proportional representation. Abhishek, can you explain why? Why PR? Everyone gets an example, exactly. If there is a PR, that's why we can't have no time PR. Now do you understand? We had a question. Can there be no time PR? Please connect it. We can't have a no time PR because in PR everybody gets votes. And I think Iran or Iran I guess has a PR system. And when everybody gets votes, what your vote percentage is, you are shared a lot. So if you have 2% of all, let's say there are 100 seats, 2% of 100 is allotted to you. So everybody gets a share. So minorities and special interests, everybody will have a share. What system of election do we follow? In first part, FTPP, good. Which of the states are involved in the production of natural gas? The answer is D. If you have any debate, please raise. But there is a way in which you can answer. Big boy, everybody would have heard. And everyone knows that is an awesome. Oil is there. So any way, two must be right. We don't need to study jobs, two if two. And they are very intelligently given two in all the options. So you can't eliminate it. But if Assam is there won't Tripura won't be there because we know this is formed by the going under a forest and years of process, it must be on a large scale. So by extension, I think logically, Tripura must be there. So two and four must come. That I rounded to C and D. Now Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu we all know. There must be onshore things. It's near the coastline. It must be there. It's nearly KG based in all these lines in the coastal, so must be there. Traces must be there at least. So I'll go for one, two, three, four. Now the next is an example of extreme statements, okay? Please see. Except Delhi, all union territories of India have a coastline, which Chandigarh. Anything one more? Dhadra Nagarhaveli, does it have a coastline? Does it have a coastline? No, I don't think it has a coastline. But please see all union territories without a coastline, you definitely look it up. I think it is given the key. Dhadra Nagarhaveli doesn't also have a coastline. So that is there. As they have very small area, no union territory of India has a national park. See the extremes where no union territory, absolutely. No, that is not right. Which union territory has a national park? Very good. Can you name a national park in Andhra? Not Rajipa. Anilakshmi Bhai, then Mahatma Gandhi, yeah, okay. Okay. How many states in India are both landlocked and does not have an international boundary? It is given, a map is given there, it is five. But what you have to learn is a question was asked, how many states do you pass when you move from Kerala to Nagaland, something? Have you seen that question? It's a previous equation. So they do ask what you can, how many of you find such map questions difficult? Anybody? Okay. What you can do is you open an atlas. In morning, when you have breakfast or something, just open an atlas and try to count the borders of every states. I think that's a very good way. You just know Kerala. Kerala has borders with Karnataka, Tamil Nadu. So you know that when you pass from Kerala, you can go from Kerala to Tamil Nadu. Or you know that, okay, this is, all these kinds of questions can be known. So I think Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and all is obvious, Gova and all because you have coast on one side. What is difficult is Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. So definitely you take a sketch pen, mark the border. You take Madhya Pradesh, you mark it with red. Now you see which all states have that red borders. Every day you do this exercise, five, 10 minutes or literally it will take. These map questions, you can crack like anything. I'm assuring you, do that. Every state you mark with different kids. Same thing you do with tropical cancer. Draw a line, tropical Capricorn. See which all countries it passes through. So that color, visual memory will come to your radio. When this question comes, you will think, okay, where did I see the red line? Did I have a red line? You will know that I drew a green line there. So they're not that country. That will work, visual memory. So do this. Bursa Munda. Which airport is called Bursa Munda Airport? Ranji. So the answer is Sarkanth. Please go through spectrums tribal areas. That tribal revolts and everything towards the appendix. Definitely read it. Everything, okay. Also, there is for those aiming IFS, please go to Vikaspedia. Take the PVTG webpage, particularly vulnerable tribal groups. Try to learn which PVTG comes from which state. Irulas from which state. Those you try to learn, it will help because many people won't be doing this area. It will help you increase your cutoffs in IFS. Okay. Sorry. INS began to work as a political party. We discussed it, 1885. Now 41. The division of legislative powers between the center and states under the present constitution of India is similar to the division between center and provinces under government of India in 1935. Which of the following statements? When you see this kind of questions, see what, think about what would have been favorable to the British. They wouldn't do anything very much in positive to the India. What would have been favorable to Britishers? Think in light then. First thing. In case of overlap, okay? Between three lists or subjects, predominance is given to the central legislature. Won't the Britishers do that? They will want the viceroy to have the last word. So fine. In case of repugnancy in the concurrent law, in both central law prevails, like we have, obviously. Because the question itself says, we drew it from government of India in 1935. So it must be similar to what we have now. Fine. In both, the residuary powers were vested with the central legislature. Won't they be doing that? Will they give it to the provinces? Will it be favorable for the Britishers? If every province takes its own decisions, that can lead to cessation. So they won't do it. So it is, right. So one, two, three. All right. Sorry? One and two. Press. Okay, okay. Why one and two? Oh, the predominance. Yes, yes. Sorry. Recently, Ministry of Railways had commissioned the indigenously developed one-day Bharat Express. We have, if you have seen this, we know that it is not a high-speed electrical multiple. It is not magnetic level. It was just a simple train for election reasons. So we know it's just a semi-permanently compelled coaches, fast rate of acceleration. Because it's a simple statement. We don't have bullet trains. So D must be right. Same logic you can apply in 43rd question. Cyber physical systems includes which of the following. We have supercomputers in India. And we have had a very, from very old time, param and everything we have. So we need not create a new policy to promote supercomputers. So obviously supercomputer will not be there. Okay. So we're doing quantum computing, big data, all emerging fields we need a policy to promote. So we'll go for that on two, three. Consider the following statements. The nationwide operation green aims to, this is, I think they put it for the learning purpose. All the statements are right. Also, no, which ministry implements it? Operation green. Food process. And what is an order agency? National agency, that is given in the key. National agency for market, NAFRA, I guess. So please revise the key. It is a very important question. Many mock tests I'm seeing that. There's a good probability it will be asked in some respect. Okay. We'll finish it now, no need of break now. We'll do it in one shot and go. Yeah. Okay. 45. According to the constitution of India, which of the following statements is or not correct with respect to Jammu and Kashmir? The answer is three only, I guess. Yeah. First, because that is the union has power to make a proclamation of financial emergency with respect to state of J&K. When there are so much restrictions with respect to everything in J&K, will that be there? Financial emergency, that is a core of autonomy. Will that be there? No, so that is wrong. Three is wrong, but just read the two statements. Provisions of article 368 cannot be extended to J&K unless extended by an order of president. How will they twist it by an act of legislature, an act of parliament they can ask? Wrong. So that is right. Other thing, the twisted statement can be wrong. No alteration of the boundaries of the state can be done with the consent of, we know J&K boundaries are very disputed issue. Obviously too. Under the provisions of Indian constitution, a community can be declared a minority community on the basis of linguistic or religious basis. So B, because engine of ISRO, let me ask you, consider the following statements. Is it used only in PSLV? Will we develop a new engine only for PSLV, logically? No. So two is wrong. Now, if two is wrong what remains? One and three. Let's see one and three. Workhouse and electric engine provides second stage of India's PSLV, good. That is okay. It will improve the payload capability of India's satellite launch vehicles, true. Now I will give you another approach. Two and three, does it go together? It says it will improve the payload capability of India's satellite launch vehicles. So it can be any vehicle, PSLV, GSLV, anything. So if three is right, two can't be right. You get that? That logic do you get? If three is right, two can't be right. Two and three cannot go together. Look that also in westerns. Will these statements go together? Consider the following statements on soil organisms. Tilling the soil for agriculture is damaging to fungi. Can it be right? Do, don't we have approaches like zero tilling, minimum tilling as new methods of agriculture? So that must be, it is damaging. Carrying grassland for cultivation reduces the species of our soil organism, obviously. So one, what they are asking not correct. So neither one nor two. Tropical marine climate is experienced in which of, is the answer C? One, three, five? Yes. What you can do in these type of questions? This is, there is no need for me to explain this. What, okay, sorry. You can eliminate, true. You can very, very well eliminate. My tropical, it is tropical. It is marine. It is climate. You can very well eliminate. But do you know which area this is off in? In Goshing Leong, we refer to a section, right? Different climatic conditions, cliff and climatic regions. Definitely go through it. At least see the places, especially Mediterranean climate. This kind of climate, if you have an idea, these kind of questions, you can easily do it. So those area, you go back and revise. Goshing Leong, especially Mediterranean, winter rainfall, such peculiar aspects. They may not always ask you which area, which climate. They can do it in a different way. So 49, I think it's obvious. Iceland and Guinea, they have given the map also. Please look at the map. It is tropical, it is marine. So it should be in the tropical area. It should have a marine belt. Good. Now, 50th question. All Indian major ports are located below the Tropic of Kansa. Let it be, let it be. No Indian international airport is located east of India. Don't we have an airport in Gujarat? That is wrong. East of India, sorry. So don't we have an airport in Asa? Anywhere. Do we have an airport in Calcutta? Anywhere, sorry. So that is how you think of it. Don't read the statement as such. Think of examples. Don't we have an airport there? Fine. All Indian major ports are located below the Tropic of Kansa. Actually, I didn't know this. Yes, it is. Yeah, so it's a. OK. Now, next question. Rather than the answer, I want you to memorize all zone 2 and zone, no, let's say zone 5. At least zone 5 areas memorize it. It will give you an answer and I did our others. See, the key, especially IFS cut off, the key to clearing preliminary in a comfortable range so that we can prepare mains with piece of confidence is one, making correct what everybody makes correct. That is questions from Lakshmi Kant, questions from previous year questions. If you lose on this, you're out of the game. You're not in the race anymore. So you can't have a risk with respect to these questions. The second thing, especially IFS cut off, is to have an edge in areas where others won't answer. For example, particularly vulnerable tribal groups, these kind of questions, seismic zones. So memorize all zones. Did you notice that there is no zone 1? So memorize all zone 5 seismic zones. The answer is B. But I would rather have you learn more. It's not exactly this question that we'll be asking, but learn more. Okay, 52. Under the provisions of article 15 of the Constitution of India, which of the following discrimination is not prohibited? Residents, anybody has a doubt? Should I explain it? I think it's fairly understandable. It's residence. Everything else is, we know, religion, race, caste, place of birth, sex. We read that, but there is no residence. There's no discrimination on the base of residence. Good. 53. All longitudes are equal in length. True. What is longitude? The vertical one. They must be equal. Are all latitudes equal in length? No. Okay. Think of it as circumference-wise. Holds will be small. Equator will be very large. Latitudes help in determining the intensity of sunlight received at a point, obviously. Longitude is used to determine time and date. Indian standard meridian, obviously. Time and date at a location. I think can be used to determine the date when the time, where the place is given a calendar. It's not like from zero. Think of like, we know a date at a place and we know the time. It is 24 hours later. We know the date. It is tomorrow. So it's not technically wrong. Japan and US, international date line, we say. True, good. So one, two, three. Which of the following are the marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean? A map is given. The answer is Bering Sea, Celebes Sea, and the Tasman Sea. Yeah. But what I want to do is, Google Image, important seas. Google Image, important mountains, important penniless, important plateaus, important oceans. At least seas, mountains, plateaus. Please Google that, African Rift Valley, all those things. You will get maps in Google Images. Download that map, save that map, revise it, repeat the times. Please do that. It's very important. Important straits, important passes, important isthumuses, isthumus of kra is in use. So important isthumus. Please do that. Important straits, you do that. Trait of hormones, important passes, important seas, and all those Caspian Sea, Black Sea countries surrounding it, very important, very important. Have mnemonics, quitar or something, I don't remember exactly, but there was a mnemonic quitar. So make mnemonics, like make a mnemonic of all those countries surrounding it, use this, sea of Marmara, everything. Very important. Yeah. Okay. Forty nine question. Option one, three, four, and five. Why not Guinea? It is coast only, you know. Okay. Sorry. I don't think Guinea is there. But that is to the west, right? I think that is because of the western location, Guinea stands out of tropical marine climate. Even I, that's what I thought. I think that's the logic. Anything you can add? Eastern location. Because if you see Jamaica, Iceland, Brazil, everything towards the east really, it has, even I refer to a Google image where it shows that there is no Guinea. And then I Google it shows that because of its western location, Guinea doesn't have a tropical marine climate. It's an exception. Maybe because the question is put to bring that aspect into consideration. It's not exactly a coastal location that determines tropical marine climate, but also the relative position in a continent. Tropical marine climate. Okay. We'll confirm it. If I have a doubt, we'll confirm it. But I don't think Guinea comes. I personally don't think Guinea comes, but we'll confirm it. Maybe 55. Okay. Now we have crossed 50 questions. Anybody has any doubt with respect to the approach we are using? We can have thousand different doubts with respect to the content, question debatable. But with the respect to the approach I'm suggesting, anybody has any doubt whether it is practical or anything? Please feel free to ask. Anybody? Do you find it helpful? Please do this, especially the questions you don't know. Take the risk. If you are coming out with 85, 80 attempts, I can assure you we will be out of the game. We can't take that risk. Nobody is going to give that. Everybody is attempting 95 plus. Even local institutes, everybody is attempting. So increase your attempts. How many of you are attempting 90 plus? Okay, let's see. There are three weeks remaining. 90 plus, how many of you are going below 85, 80? Anyone attempting 70, this test? Okay. Anyone attempting 80 to 85? Okay. How much did you get as per the key appreciate? But still, what's your marks? Oh, you have not got the key. Okay, you'll get the key, okay. So you can't really attempt about 90. From last year's paper, the problem is we can't be as accurate as we imagined to be. So if you attempt 80, I usually attempt 97. I get 20. I know I get 27 wrong. I know I get 27 wrong. So I have to get 70 right. So I attempt 97. So count your accuracy and then increase your attempts with techniques, not with knowledge. You can't increase attempt with knowledge. Increase attempt with techniques so that you have 95 plus, even if our entire error margin comes, we'll land in a safe zone. Please do that. Okay. 55's question. Consider the following statements with respect to Indian climate. Both the annual and mean annual temperature ranges are leased in coastal regions. True. We live in Tamil Nadu. We know. Why? True. Very good. The highest annual temperature ranges are recorded in the tar desert. Is it not the Ladakh? Everybody must have an atlas. They have every extreme places in front of first page of the atlas. Is it not Lael Ladakh region? It's not tar desert. It is Lael Ladakh. And see how they are testing the question. What I said, what an examiner does. That is lay. They gave another extreme place we can mistake. They give it as tar and they put it wrong. Okay. Again a report. Reports, I told you. Please go to what Shankar IS parliament or clear IS website and do it. The report title inventory and revival of, it is a factual thing. It is Nethi Aayu. Even I don't know, but it is Nethi Aayu from the key. So let's learn that. There is nothing much to infer from that. But what I, next question, before I discuss the key, I want especially IFS aspirants to do something. Download Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act. Just go through it. Browse it. Just know which all animals are there. And when you come across animals who are in the critically endangered list, make a note of it. So browse through which all animals are there because they ask which all are there in Schedule 1. Also, know what other schedules. Please don't overdo it. Know other schedules. Just Schedule 1. Also, the critically endangered animals in the Schedule 1. Here it is asking which all animals, if you, for anyone who even glance through it, they know that blackbuck is there, clouded, leopard is there, hoodlock even is there. Just record. And one more tip I can give you. It's impossible to go through every animal individually. Whatever test you have written, I'm sure you must have written at least 20, 2000 questions you would have solved. 20 tests, 2000 questions. Every single animal you have come across, make it your separate note. Just write the IUCN status. See the picture revised. See the picture because you need to know blackbuck otherwise that will help you in visual memory. Every single animal you have come across in every answer key or test. See the picture and revise it. People at the back, am I audible and are you comfortable? Okay, are you following? Good. All right. Global solar bank. If you have to guess, what will you guess? I say and that is the answer. So don't overthink. Here, don't think that, oh, it can be ISA. Will the UPSC give ISA? No. UPSC is very dark. Just give ISA. Okay. The term trophic cascade. Do you know what cascading effect is? Goes on building up. It goes on one level to another. Which option provides a cascading effect? Let's not know the answer at all, but which option gives a cascading effect? Okay. One component of a food chain is remote. So another component it goes on, goes on, goes on. Cascading effect. And trophical level, we know that it relates to ecosystem. So even without knowing the answer, we can mark it. All right. The internet do read the concept from the key. Okay. I don't want to bore you guys. That's why I'm not going to length to explain it. Just read it from the key. We'll get what in it, but learn the approach. We didn't know, read the key to answer it. You know cascading effect in task access. So it can be tax related, but it says trophic, which trophic levels. Where do we see that? Ecosystem. The IUCN is a global authority on the conservation status of species, such long paragraphs. First read the question. This list is determined on the basis of C. First read the question, then read the paragraph. Otherwise, it would be a long story. Last year it was, I think my set was B or something. This lengthy page and it was a very simple question. Last line itself, we could have answered it. So they try to do this to throw us off the track waste of time. Let's not do that. The classification of species in this list is determined based on which of the following criteria. In this question, how many of you knew the answer to this question? The answer is C. Everything is correct. How many of you knew the answer? I don't know. I'm sure many must have not known because we don't see this often. But here we can apply the same thought process I applied again. Ask every option, is this not relevant? If I make a threatened list of species, will rate of decline be an aspect I include? Yes. Will geographical range be an aspect I include? Yes. Total size of the population be an aspect I include? Yes. Will restriction on the population be an aspect I include? Yes. The likelihood of extension? Obviously, yes. Everything is right. Sorry? Restrictions on the population means the restrictions to evolve, restriction to spread geographically. That is, it's not that, for example, fragmentation of habitat. Is it not a restriction on the population? No, no. Both aspects are there. From what I could refer, all these aspects are there. Restrictions on the population, I think, it should have been specific, more specific. What all restrictions they are mentioning, but I think, in general, it is right. Next question, one second, last one. Consider the following statements which refers to Mahila, Kisan, Sashaktigaran, Pariyojana. It recognizes the identity of Mahila as Kisan and strives to build the capacity of women in the domain of agro-ecologically sustainable practices. Tell me, how many of you think this answer, is this option can be wrong? At least who thought, be honest, because I'm not, let's discuss this. Let's get this clear in your system. How many of you think that this answer, this option could be possibly wrong? Anyone? Anyone? No one. So there is nothing wrong in that statement. How can that statement be wrong? Can any scheme not strive to build the capacity of women? No, so there is nothing. So anybody who didn't mark one, I think that's a very fatal mistake. You can't manage to get wrong these questions. There is nothing wrong in that statement. I call those statements innocent statements. Those are very innocent. There is nothing wrong in that statement. So do that. It's a sub-component of the Dintayal, Antiyoje, Yojana. First of all, I didn't know that, fine. But I think it is true. So if you have gone, definitely revise the schemes. You must be having a book for schemes. Definitely revise it, but take the risk. It must be. It relates Mahila, Kisan, first statement. It's not the first statement and objective of Dintayal, Antiyoje, Yojana. If I say the first statement is an objective of Dintayal, will it be wrong? It's a very broad umbrella scheme. It must be right. So I'll take the risk and market. Please take the risk and market. I'm saying the approach. Let's do this, both one and two. Next question, again, let me ask you. Which of these organizations are part of UN Sustainable Development Group, high-level policy form? Okay, the first thing relates with food and agriculture. Third, health. Fourth, labor. Five, development. Six, children. Aren't all these aspects of sustainable development? Will, if we are forming the group, will we exclude any one of them from forming the organization? No, so shouldn't all be right? Are you following me? Okay. Parents' patria. You must have read this. The answer is B, the inherent power and authority of a court to act as a guardian for those who are unable to take care of themselves. It's just a conceptual question. Let's not discuss that. Just you know what is parents' patria, it's there. Okay, next thing. Assets side of RBI's balance sheet. Assets of RBI balance sheet. What constitutes RBI's research? RBI's research was an issue during our interview time also. So I think it's a very valid current affairs. Okay, so do go through. There is a picture, pictorial thing given. You don't read the key, at least let's read. What are the liabilities? These things, what are the assets? Foreign currency assets, gold. Just imagine this table, the table you read. Don't read the value, just read. What is given in the table? The answer is two and three. Yeah, okay. Which of the following events are associated with the tenure of Lord Shem's Ford? Who is Shem's Ford? Which report do you know with their names? Montagu Shem's Ford, which year did it come? 1990, okay. So which events are very close to 1990? Very good. So one and four is true. Chowri Chowra, when did it happen? Towards the end of non-corporation, not very close to 1990. Maplar rebellion, again non-corporational movement. So one and four should be more correct. So this is one way you can arrive it. You need not know exactly what happened. But in spectrum, in the appendix, there is a pages where important aspects of all vice-royce are given. Please, differentially highlight. I mean, differentially highlight means more important you highlight with ivory color, then you take orange color, differentially highlight and revise. Otherwise, it will be difficult to remember, but do read it, you will get a question. Please go through previous year questions of modern Indian history also. They are very much repeating it. Not exactly the question maybe, where the options are coming. Again, National Park, for those who are difficulty remembering National Park, I remind again Wikipedia page towards the end of the column. Also, to answer this question, once they ask which is the confluence of Eastern guts and Western guts? Which is the confluence? Sorry? Neil Grease, yes. And which reserve exactly? Satyamangalam for this, right? So, these kind you can answer. Every National Park you see in options or at least there are 20, 21 National Parks only, you go to Wikipedia, read the first paragraph. Wikipedia has an introduction, then it goes with details. Just read the first paragraph. Read the first paragraph, make a note of every 20 important things and only that will come as this thing, okay? So, do that. That will help you answer this. This together with Mudumalai, that means it must be in which state? Karnataka, because Vainad is in Kerala, Mudumalai is in Tamil Nadu, Nagarho is in Karnataka. So, one it must be in Karnataka. It constitutes Neil Grease. So, if you geographically see this Bandipur, Neil Grease, if it's much considered as Bandipur, but definitely go through every National Park in the options, take the Wikipedia page, first paragraph, make a note, save it, read it. And also see the pictures because it will help you remember. Next is a factual knowledge question, I guess, because the answer is everyone is correctly matched. Fast tag is API, RFID, Baruch QR API, NCMC is NFC and Rupes is cryptography. If you have some doubts, please raise. Since it is all the above, I didn't particularly go through the answer key. Sorry, Rupes has, it's a card based and it has cryptography in, yeah. That has that embedded and it is, I think it is given in the answer key. It is a chip card with an embedded and it is encrypted. So those kinds of things. It is protected by cryptographic encryption. It is given in the key. Okay, clear, Bishik? Yeah, 68. The year 2019 marks the 150th birth anniversary of Yunani Medicines Founder with respect to Yunani Medicines System, which I'm the wrong statements is correct. Okay, now, among these options, can you tell me which has the least chance of being wrong? D, obviously because we are digitizing everything. There is no way we are leaving an AIO system out of the website. So D has the least chance of being wrong. So that must be the right answer too. Are you getting the way I approach that question? Sorry, correct, no, D. It is a Persio-Arabic traditional medicine system. Sorry, okay. And then go through it, is it from Central India? Oh, Central Asia, no? Asia it is, no? Yeah, so that answer, that is wrong. India it is given. 69 question, which culture book are you following? Please, Abhishek, what are you following? Singanya, okay. Singanya, how many of you are using Singanya? Not many, okay. No time to get a new book, but those who are using Singanya, if you want to use it better way, do one thing. Singanya has given previous year questions to every chapter. Do only those chapters where previous year questions are there. For example, calendar, previous year questions has been asked, so don't skip that, but I think some musical instruments, something, if it has not been asked, don't do that. It will help you save time, it will help you be targeted. This chapter is beautifully given in Singanya, this martial arts thing with pictures. If you're not doing Singanya, definitely Google it up, you will find everything. All these visual memory helps. Just see a video of what is Gatka. Just see a video of what it is. If you see a fellow friends from Northeast, you can see that it belongs to Northeast India. We'll remember it. Nagaland, if we give it a central India, we can say it is wrong. So try to see a video of everything, Gatka, Thangta, Kalaripaita. Kalaripaita, obviously everyone knows. So one and three is the answer. Thangta belongs to Manipur. Okay. Literary sources of Mauryan period. I hope you are following any, I use Tamil Nadu class 11 NCRT. I hope many are using it. Okay. Make, literary sources are repeatedly asked. It is also given in Nithin Sanghanya. Mudra Rakshasa and all was asked recently. So definitely read literary sources. At least know who, which empire, who wrote it, which king, et cetera. Especially King of Chandragupta, Maurya and all. This question is related to that. Megastanus, that is related to Maurya. So that's military there. Vishakada, that's Mudra Rakshasa. Do you know who is Mudra Rakshasa? Chandragupta Maurya is related to Chandragupta Maurya. So again Maurya. So one and two must be right. So third is Jataka stories. Obviously it is Buddhism, Ashoka, Maurya. So Jataka stories also. Do refer to Krishnadevaraya. He's very important. That is the law. I think he has the highest probability of being asked according to past year papers. Do refer to his literary works. Okay. With reference to cruise and ballistic missiles, consider the following statements. This is fairly easy. Second statement, logistic. The trajectory of ballistic missile can, what is a cruise missile? Which can be controlled. So second is wrong. It says true. Cruise missiles cannot be launched from air. Is it true? Tomahawk on all VCA, but cruise missiles being launched can be launched from air, anywhere. So I think the answer is neither one nor two. Yeah. Ballistic missile goes entirely as per gravity. You launch it, it falls like this. No. The trajectory of a missile can be changed during its flight whereas a trajectory of a missile is not maneuverable. It is wrong. Wrong, it is wrong. It's like a projectile motion. I mean the following cities from east to west. Just here, what is important is answer, but let me give you places in news. Very important. Whatever places have, from world geography, they are asking current events. I think many institutes, I'm not aware where Shankar does that, but many institutes are uploading videos on YouTube. Just do that. Just see the places, then see from east to west, from north to south, west to east, especially in Central Asia, especially in Middle East, Turkey, Syria, whatever places have been in news, definitely do that. It is a definite two marker. You're getting your two marks. So please go through. Here the answer is 312. Refer to the map, but I want you to learn from this question rather than learning this question. And please do the thing I said. For those who are finding it difficult, topic of answer, one color. Topic of Capricorn, one color. Equator, one color. Countries in the equator, you visually memorize it. Okay. Consider the following statements regarding the economic life of the reguetic people. Now, cattle rearing and agriculture were the main occupations. Iron was used to make tools and instruments. Gold coins called Nishka. How many of you think first statement is wrong? I don't think anybody, so anybody who has marked two and three, again you are in a risky zone, please correct your preparation because first can never be wrong. That is the occupation of the reguetic people. Okay. Iron was the, now that can be wrong. We don't know where because, but iron was there. We know how the agriculture went ahead because they could clear the forest and they had iron tools. So we know two must be right. So one and two, so B and D, B or D. Gold coins called Nishka. One way we can mark this wrong is when people think was not Barker system that existed. So we think, okay, there will not be coins, but that is, even I thought it that way. I would have marked this question wrong, but as for factual information, there were gold coins called Nishka. So that is a factual information. Okay. But always one thing I can give with respect to reguetic and later Vedic is, reguetic was good. Later Vedic was bad. Do you get that idea? Right. So every question interpreted that way. If it is good, it must be reguetic. If it is bad, so if you are asking later Vedic, something good is given that may not be right. So women had the right to read scriptures, which age it will be. I'm obviously use this logic. Okay. Taravaga school of philosophy. I can't emphasize enough. Please go through heterodox and orthodox schools of philosophy. Very important. Please go through. You will definitely get to mark question. The basic philosophy. Who is the main proponent? What is it stand on God? Was it atheist or not atheist? Then key features. For example, Vaisheshika school, I think atomic, Kanada atomic theory, like that. Now, Taravaga school, we all know it's a party school. I think it's a party school, right? Like enjoy life that school, no? Materialistic school, yeah. So it's a party school. So anything that helps as party. So is not correct. It believe in the immortality of the soul. Do people who party, no. I'll go for D. Okay. Senai Peninsula was recently news. We know that Akaba is Suez. Gulf, I told you, important straight, important gulfs, important seas, mountains. Make a note. The answer is Gulf of Akaba and Gulf of Suez. Senai Peninsula is in which country? Egypt. Which of the following are sources of nitrogen oxide? Okay. One technique I can give you, but please use it into your own risk. But I have seen that more and more often in this works. Science and technology questions. It's always like, do, ask this, look it. Are you sure 100% that natural lightning doesn't have NOx? Can we be scientifically sure 100% agriculture fertilizers doesn't have NOx? Can we be 100% sure cold burning or combustion engines doesn't have NOx? Have we analyzed each molecule and see no? So science and technology, if they are asking application, let me say, for a technology excess application in which of the fields. The answer is any way all of the above. Because a technology can have application any, the person who is putting, he doesn't know. Any application can come at which time. So application wise, the answer is mostly it's all of the above. Did we discuss? Okay, sorry. Which among the following indicators is used by NSSO to measure economic inequality among households? If you have read the chapter on poverty and measurement, we know that it is consumption expenditure. That is a factual thing. There is no technique, especially one word questions, there is no technique. But there is something called periodic labor for survey in current affairs. Please definitely read that, okay? Periodic labor for survey. That is being seen in news very recently. I expect a question based on that. Please read on our missile development program. I made a note of it. I should have said it in question 71. Our indigenous missile development program which all nuclear missiles we have, which are what arrange them in the capability of their nuclear warheads, their range. Satellites also, the weight of satellites, they are asking that. ISRO and DRDO, whichever science and technology current affairs you are following, make a note of all important developments and revise that, okay? Which of the following can be the implication of raising public borrowings? Here the answer is debatable between one and two and one, two and three. Anybody has a doubt whether, okay, I'll say, crowding out of private sector. Everybody and I hope everybody understand what it is. Government borrows things. So government is a preferential person to lend to. Everybody lends to government. Nobody gets, no private sector gets anything. That is called crowding out of, rise in interest rates. Somebody is borrowing, there is demand. So as a bank, I'll feel that, okay, even if I keep the interest rate as 100 percentage, there is a demand they will buy. So I'll raise the interest rates. That is also true. Increase in demand in economy, okay? We can increase in demand in economy in the sense when government is borrowing, it is understood that government is borrowing to spend. So if it spends in public, we will have what is the word we use, money supply. What will it, will it increase or decrease? Increase, and when money supply increases, what do we do? We spend. So what happens to demand increases? So the answer is one, two, three. Yeah? Yeah. That is a secondary thing. Let me tell you, let's think about the primary things. What's the immediate implication? Government borrows, okay? So what is happening? Borrowing, there is demand. So the banks will feel that, okay, there is demand. So at whatever interest rate I will give, people will borrow. Go ahead. Okay? Public borrowing in sense, government is borrowing. It's not like we people are borrowing, it's government is borrowing, yeah. But government is, okay, but I think this is just talking about the interest rates prevalent in the market. And we know that what have interest rates, what is our theory? If there is a demand, interest rates increases. If there is no demand, they lower the interest rates over there, many people borrow. But here people are borrowing. I would go with that. I think it's a little over complicating things. Let's be a little direct with it, okay? Okay, superconductivity, how many of you think it requires very high temperature? It's very low temperature. So see, this is the way they're twisting, high for low, increase or decrease, okay? And they have zero resistance, hence superconductivity. Okay, so the answer is one only. Which of the following cold currents move from north to south in the Pacific Ocean? Now, if we emphasize just north to south, there is a misprobability, we'll make market wrong. Say specific ocean, is Labrador current in the Pacific Ocean? No, so the answer is one and three. Do revise, how many of you have difficulty memorizing ocean currents, movement, et cetera? Again, the source is clear IS. There, they have, instead of continents, they have given in the form of blocks. So North America is a block, they have put it in circles. It's very easy to visualize. So please check the source. Now, it's a long paragraph, and the answer is Bamako Convention. But, sorry? It's 81. 81, no? One second. This is necessarily Basel. It's specifically asking about an African nation, right? It is transboundary movement, I understand, but isn't it specific regarding to African nation? I'll read about Bamako Convention. What is the question? Let's read the question. The cross-border transport of Azata space sees the public attention in the 1980s. The misadventures of toxic, so there we get Basel. The misadventures of toxic ships such as the Catan Bee, Pelicano sailing, that's all front-page headlines, okay. Tragic instances are a good part of tighter environmental regulation. As a toxic vessel disposed of skyrocketed toxic traders researching for cheaper solutions, started shipping Azata space to Africa, okay. Once on show, these shipments were dumped indiscriminately. They were spilling accidentally and they're poisoning the land water. To combat this practices, which of the following convention was signed in the year 1989? Was Basel Convention signed in 1989? Okay, was, but I remember Bamako. What does the key say? Oh, you don't have the key. 1990, 18, okay. So both these are, I thought I emphasized on Africa, but if you think, I didn't know the 1989 part, then it is Basel. But the learning from here is every single convention, every Rotterdam, make Mimoni can remember. Make Mimoni, they will not give you, I don't think we will ever have such complicated strengths. They will just ask a master following or writing, but every single convention, Rotterdam, Stockholm, what is Stockholm? POPs. Stockholm for Pope. I remember that Pope is sitting there in Stockholm. That's a mnemonic. So POP, to do that, but make mnemonics. Tells you remember, make mnemonics. I didn't know this specific 1989. I didn't know, even I won't study it also. I can't remember, but learn it from the key if it is Basel, well and good. When was the Bamako signed? 91, okay, then it is Basel, D. Carbon is released back deposited in the Earth atmosphere by, should I explain the approach? Is it not the science and technology question? Is it not the approach I said, am I 100% sure cell respiration doesn't emit carbon? Am I 100% sure decomposition doesn't emit carbon? So the answer should be everything. Any doubt with respect to that? No, I hope not. Okay, 83, what is Albedo? Reflection, okay, melting of ice, will it increase Albedo or decrease Albedo? Decrease Albedo, because ice reflects better. So the answer should be B. 84, the protocol and environment protection to Antarctic Treaty signed in Madrid year, natural reserve dedicated to peace, science and everything, okay. Let's, okay, the answer is one, two, three. Any doubt regarding that? I'll explain it. I think also with respect to protocol and so the following statement, I think all statements are right. Let's see. Antarctica, I don't know this answer, okay. Let's, if one, two, three is answer, I'm saying yes. Okay, please. Yes, please. Yes, hi. Hi. 78 to question, sir. If you're hearing this, please. 78 to question, sir. 78. 78. Yeah. Okay, okay. Rising in public border means public spending is happening. Yeah, yeah. Rising in public spending means there is a crowding in this actually happening. Crowding, crowding, crowding. In sector is coming to invest because of the spending of our government. How did you ask? How did you ask? One second, bro. One second, bro, yeah. Our private investors. Private investors. Yes, sir. Some things can happen. But bro, I think it is standard economics that governments, government borrows a lot. There is crowding out. It is standard economics. I think hence Enke's committee recommended that please don't, you know, borrow so much to manage your fiscal deficits. Once government starts borrowing, since government has a, you know what government security is called, guilted securities, why? Because government's always a credible borrower. So once government starts borrowing, everybody will preferentially lend to government and government will borrow such huge amounts that private, the interest rates will rise. That is option two. And private sector will not be able to contribute. Now, when the government decides to pump it back into the economy, demand can rise and that can lead. But like I said, was saying to a friend here, those are secondary aspects. We must, in economics question, we must think what is the immediate effect? How it is directly linked to something? And that way I would, your point is very well valid. But I think that is a secondary line of operation. First, what happens is crowding out. And three and crowding in can't necessarily, crowding in is a third effect, I guess. Government borrows, government spends, demand increases, then crowding in comes. So it's very much past the line. So it is justifiable, but I think we should mark one time, one, two, and three, more correct. Like I said, UPAC looks for more correct options. I think we should mark one, two, three. I hope I'm clear. Okay. I hope I'm not clear. Yeah, any doubts, please ask online centers. Okay. Now, okay. 84th question we were discussing. Let's discuss option two. Can option two be wrong? It's a global common. You have heard about global common. So it's kind of a global common. It's a global resource. So it should have unanimous resource. Nobody should have a monopoly. So I will never think option two is wrong. So I'll go eliminate option D. Now I have to think for option one and three. The prohibition on mineral resource activities cannot be removed unless a binding legal regime on Antarctic mineral resource activities is enforced, which is okay, which sounds legal, which sounds rational. Therefore, can't one be right? Let's read one and three together. It prohibits all activities relating to Antarctic mineral resources unless a binding legal regime on Antarctic mineral resource activities enforce. When we read together, it sounds very rational. It sounds very, you know, I mean, I don't know the exact answer, but it sounds very rational. I will never say it is wrong. One and three read together sounds right. So I will go for one, two, or three. Two is right anyway. So one, two, three, I'll mark. I don't know the answer. And I'm sure you can say doesn't expect you to know this answer. I'm very sure. How many of you have, where will we read all this? So this is my logic. If you have any counter logic, you can offer. Otherwise, sorry, all activities relate to me. Do they permit mineral resource mining for a research purpose? Who said that, Chris? You broke? No. Who is raising? Okay. Sorry. Okay, but are they mining? Mineral activities, I said there. Mineral activities, mineral resources, are they doing it? It can be on the topography. It can be on the geography. Please read the statement three. The prohibition on mineral resource activities cannot be removed unless a binding legal regime on Antarctic mineral resource activities is enforced. The stress is very much on the mineral resources. Are you saying a verified factor? Are you discussing the logic? Okay. We'll look into that one sec. Oh, you are counting the except for scientific research purpose. That's what you're saying. Okay. Unless it is given, should we emphasize on that? I don't think so. Because it prohibits all activities relating to Antarctic minerals. If it is given except, we will mark it right. Unless they say it is exception, should we think that, okay, there is an exception and mark it? Okay. So, as per you, the answer should be two and three. I think it should have been given in the statement itself except. Then only it becomes a complete statement. So, you are saying the answer is two and three. We will discuss it once again, okay? We'll refer it and discuss it once again. All is wrong, okay. All, since all word is given, yeah. Okay. Okay, 85th question. It's a factual question. GCI, you must have heard, right? Non-Muslims. So, GCI, you must have heard. Sakat, there is a Sakat foundation if you know. It's a charity foundation. There's a, it provides scholarship for UPSC students. So, based on that, maybe we can say it's not poll tax. There's something to do with charity. It is given in the key. So, the answer should be one and two. Three, three, four, three, four. The answer should be one and two. 84, okay. The famous bronze statue of Buddha in Abhiyamudra, Sultan Ganj Vihar, obviously Sarnath. Obviously Sarnath, see the please. So, what I want you to do is take Nithin Sanghanya. Two aspects, different mudras. Every mudra, like, there are many mudras like this and all, every mudra, go to the picture, make a note. Just what the mudra is, why, when Buddha used it. For example, there is a touching the earth mudra when passing on wisdom, yeah. So, very good. So, use that. Look at the picture, make a note of it, mudras. You will answer such questions, Abhiyamudra, especially Abhiyamudra and all. Then, all these schools, in Nithin Sanghanya, he has given us a table. Mamadra School, Sarnath School, Amravati School, Gandhara School, he has given us a table. Please refer it across. So, you got it? Please go to the table. Every school and standing Buddha, sitting Buddha, does he have an aura? Does he have a moustache? Gandhara has a moustache, muscular framework, sticky clothes, all these aspects, which stone it was made. These aspects, he has given us a table. Definitely look through it, you will get a question. It will be very easy to grab. Okay, BIS, anybody has a doubt whether India is a member? The bank for India, we have a very robust central bank framework. India should be a member. So, three is right. Now, it helps central bank in pursuing monetary and financial stability. Can that statement be wrong? What? Sorry? First statement, can it be wrong? No. There is nothing wrong in that statement. You can't possibly distort that statement. So, one and three must be right. Second, it accepts deposits and provides financial service to private individuals like Neera Modi. Will you do that, BIS? No. That is wrong. So, one and three. No, it doesn't go to anyone. Okay. Indo-Islamic architecture. How many of you have read Fine Arts and CRT? Till now? If you have not read, I think online there is clear IS again. I have used it extensively. Hence, I'm quoting it. There is a note. Somebody has made a one-page note of every chapter in Fine Arts. If you have not done it, please go through it immediately. Especially, Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Islamic architecture. It will be very helpful. These questions, Arbis Cube, Indo-Islamic, Charback style, you see in Taj Mahal, Indo-Islamic, Calligraphy, again, Indo-Islamic. So, all these are right. It's an easy question. You should not lose that question. What is Pietrad, Eura? Anyone? There you go. Again, Indo-Islamic. So, these features you remember. Then, next question. Administrative expenses of the office of UPSC, CAG, Supreme Court. Shouldn't all these have autonomy? So, if government is controlling, will they have autonomy? Will they have autonomy? If parliament is voting to decrease, will they have autonomy? No. So, why do we keep? Where do we keep? If they are able to give it? CFI. Consolidated Fund of India. The answer is D, okay? Now, mutiny of naval ratings. Was it a widespread event? No. We don't learn it that way in no history textbook. It was widespread reaching even the remotest villages. No. So, two is wrong. So, B and C is wrong. One and three. It was, I don't think it was end. The Congress did not officially, they asked them to calm down. They didn't ask them to, like, keep revolting, ask them to calm down. So, I think the answer is one only. In retaliation to the racial discrimination existing in Royal Navy. Now, 1939 to 1947, have a good idea of the chronology. Only chronology questions are being asked. Everything, like, so many dispatchers, Lia-Kath Ali-Pak, everything. Have a good idea, like, cabinet mission. What each of them, did they propose, like, what is that word? Dominion status. Did they propose Dominion status? Did they give independence? Did they give representation? They have a very good idea of the chronology. PAKKA, one question is coming. PAKKA. Over here it comes. Don't lose that, Vessins. Very easy. And if you understand Hindi, there is a very good resource, actually. Mrenal.org. There is a Hindi class by Pratik Naik, I guess. Very good. He actually tells spectrum. We don't have to read it. He recites spectrum. What we can do is put in two excerpts. Okay, okay. Which of the following processes is or are involved in decomposition? Given the way I addressed all of the above questions, don't you think the answer should be all of the above? Just go through each of the word. Fragmentation should be there. Leaching it should be there. Humification it should be there. Mineralization, obviously it should be there. Catabolism is one word I didn't know, but when I read the key it also should be there. So it's not one of those all that type answer where we can know that, okay, I can't exclude this. Fine? All clear? Good. Please read what all this, catabolism is a process in which bacteria and fungi degrade detritus through various enzymes into smaller pieces. Ecosystem, very important. Every word, niche asked, all technical words related to ecology and ecosystem, repeatedly asked, I hope you're following Shankar, do make note of the terminologies, have your own glossary. It is being asked, definitely go through it. It's a very important chapter. Okay, temperate grasslands. The answer is one and two. The Pustas of Hungary is not a temperate continental climate, but here again go through Goching Leon. The areas I said, go through Goching Leon, different climatic regions, different grassland region, go through Goching Leon, make a note, especially Mediterranean, especially grasslands. British type of climate, all those very important aspects, you make a note. Now, Poonapak. Did it end those separate electorates? Will Gandhiji ever end those separate? Who signed Poonapak? Kambatkaran Gandhi. Will Gandhiji end those separate electorate? So that is wrong. One is wrong. Now, two and two and three only. Okay, two only and two and three. Let's not read two. It provided for educational facilities for depressed classes in the province. Won't Gandhiji and Ambedkarji do it? Yes, we don't need to, won't they do it? Well, they will provide for educational facility, right? They will not say that education should not be provided, right? So I will mark two and three. I will never say three is wrong. I hope the answer is that too. Okay, based on my differentiation of Vedic period into good and bad, was Chola administration in general good or bad? In general good. So let's see good options. Residential lands of villages were exempted from taxation. Good option. In each village was divided into wards that intern nominated good. So it's a good administration technique. So good. Special military contendments training are being good. Chola was very famous for his Navy, I guess, right? Therefore, all good options. I will mark one, two, three. Are you getting the flow? Yeah. Micro ATMs, again. Both deposit and withdrawal facilities will be provided. It can't be wrong. They are being operated through banking correspondence. Micro ATM. It is like a POS machine. Can't be wrong. Cardside machines, which banks can remotely connect to the core banking system, remotely connect, obviously. So it can't be wrong. One, two, three. Now, very weak paragraph again. Let's not read it. Let's read the statements directly. I think we will get it. Bhutan is, I'm not saying you practice this, but I think once you get a hold, see the statements. Bhutan is the only tiger range country who doubled the tiger population after 2009. I have seen this in a current affairs meeting. Is it not right? Nepal is also there. So it's only, okay, then it is wrong. The answer is, okay, Bhutan and Nepal. Cambodia, Laopadia, Vietnam are the most densely tiger populated. They are infamous for having the least densely tiger populated. So, like I said, they twisted that word, least densely, most densely. The answer is, should be neither one nor two, right? Okay. Now, in this respect, Google, what is TX2? Who runs TX2? Is it WWF? Is it IUCN? So it is WWF, I hope. What is TX2? What is Global Tiger Forum? What is India's tiger count? Anybody? Last time, sorry? 224, I guess, yeah, 2000. Good. I have an approximate number. They can give it, 200 tigers were counted in there. Which national park has the highest tiger? I think it is Vandipur. I think it is Vandipur. But please look it up. So tiger, every single minute aspect. What's IUCN status of tiger? Endanger, good. Okay. Global Tiger Research, TX2, Global Tiger Forum, Global Tiger Initiative. All those aspects with respect to tiger. Okay. Consider the following statements about global environment outlook. UN environment launched the first global environment outlook, GEO in 1997. Which I, from factual knowledge, it is right. Theme for sixth global environment outlook is healthy planet, healthy people, which again is right. What you have to pick up from here is, see the first, give it the first. So anything you read now, from now on, you will see, was it the first? Second thing, you will see which year? Don't try to remember exactly the year. See whether it is 2018 or 90, or in the 2000 to 2010 or 90, 90s. Just remember the broad framework. They will not give 96 and 97, they will not twist. So, and the theme of the report, important report is in 2019 report, important reports do cover the themes from IAS parliament book. The answer is both one and two. Let's see question number 100 first. It is regarding the question is like, there is a report, ambitious beyond growth, study that report, as in, which organization published survey 19, ambitious beyond, we know from the question itself, it is UNS cap, make a note of it. The aim of the report is to find out what it will take to realize the ambition of agenda. Okay. Which the report finds, which are the major concerns for achieving targets. Now, let us say I am, you are making that report. Will you consider rising financial stability, instability as a reason for worry? Will you consider household stocks reason for worry, non-performing assets reason for worry, trade wars reason for worry? Obviously. So, the answer should be one, two, three, four. Yeah, logically. So, this again, all the above type of question. You just ask yourself, can this be included? Recently, international court of justice ruled against British and Shagos archipelago case. One more thing, I saw some people raising eyebrows and I said, you should attempt 97 questions. Please, it's a very realistic target. Very realistic target. It's nothing to be ashamed of. It is not impossible or anything. Many are doing it. Everybody, I know who cleared IFS, everybody attempted 112 to 116. It's not impossible. You attempt that more, your accuracy increases. Please don't think that, please don't try to be in a safe zone. I had a friend in mock test, he would attempt 90, he would get good marks. There he gets to try safe by attempting 80, 85. It's a disaster every time. So, let's not do that. I can't create the mistake at all. Make sure you increase your attempts to reach 90 plus with a fair accuracy. If you're confident that your accuracy is too good that you can attempt 60 and get over well and good. Otherwise, if you are in a, if your error range is 20 to 30, have 90 plus attempts. Okay, don't get disheartened. Okay. Recently, international court of justice ruled against British and Shagos archipelago case. In this context, consider the following. Please look into the geography of Shagos archipelago, the history of Shagos archipelago. It was with UK, Lees, Diego Garcia, Diego Garcia was Lees to USA. All those histories given very well in the key. Please go through that. Then what they're asking about is ICJ. Okay. This is another institution you have to learn. It is there in the Institute, International Organizations Book of IS Parliament. Definitely go through that. And ICJ, when you are studying, compare it with which organization? ICC, very good. ICC, you compare ICJ and ICC you study. Okay. First statement after the verdict, USA has to terminate the agreement with British and return to, is ICJ verdict binding? So this question is in one way they're asking, is it binding or non-binding? Is it binding? No. ICJ verdict can't be binding. International courts can't have a binding verdict. That's not how sovereignty works. So that is wrong. Generally, contentious cases are non-appealable. Generally. And that is a thing given in the website. Contentious cases are non-appealable because what will be the end of things? People, countries will go on. They will never agree. And it is binding, not binding anyway. So why have, why bother? So totally, but ICJ and ICC make a comparative study. One is a UN's body. One is not a UN body. Okay. So both sits in, hey, if I'm not wrong. So make a comparative study binding, non-binding, et cetera. Also, shagos is in use. So proximity to which Indian island? Which union territory? Is it Andaman? Lakshadiv. So know that. Arrange the islands north to south, east to west Mauritius and shagos where it falls. I have a geographical idea which ocean it falls on. Don't mark all those simple things wrong. Consider the following statements about the organization of Islamic corporation. Okay. No country, no country from South and North America represented in OICSM member state. Is it true? Exactly. South America, North, South America. So that is not right. India is an observer. Was Sushma Swaraj invited as an observer? No. Who is stalling India? Pakistan. So definitely not right. So neither one nor two. Organization, Shankar compilation again. Prioritize the ones you see in question paper. Those are the ones with the high chances of being asking. Prioritize the ones you see in question paper. Now we'll just go through questions we had a doubt on. Okay. Okay, I've written some general comments. I would like to say to you first. Okay. First of all, this is one thing I noticed. You will get different sets, A, B, C, D, four sets. Four sets have four orders of questions. Did you notice that this paper began with difficult questions ended with easy questions? I felt so. But anyway, easier than the first questions. Okay. So that will happen to you also. So if you see a very tough question in the first 20, don't get disheartened. That is because they have reversed the order. You will find easier questions. You can increase your attempts as you progress. If you find very easy questions, once I had first question was, Jandan Yojana is meant for. Don't get too complacent. Okay, easy paper, I got it. No, be very guarded because the difficult questions are coming and you have to attend that also. So that is it. That is one thing I want to say. It will be a mixed setback. If you are difficult, you will have easy. If you are easy, you will have difficult. Be very in a calm state of mind to know the difference. Lengthy question format, like we said, if it is very lengthy, just see what is the question at the end and then read it. You can quickly read and let it go. Then now we have limited days remaining. So the emphasis is not on depth. Don't take every question, Antarctic Treaty, entire Wikipedia page, don't do it. Now the question is, understand what is given in the key. Little bit reference you can do from Wikipedia, that's it. You need breadth of knowledge. 100 questions we have to attempt. 90 questions, not like one question we have. And don't have any sort of ego. Like you see a very difficult question and you think to yourself, oh, I have to get it right. I have to tell my friends I have to do it. No, nothing like that. Every question has two marks. What are we saying? You attempt an easy question or you will do a difficult question. You're getting only two marks. So let's not have any sort of ego. And the targeted practice, that is like targeted revision, you will do a paper. Now you have Raman. You go to Raman, read it. You go to Intangible Helpful Heritage, you read it. Don't take a book cover to cover and revise. That is not revision. That is just you are telling yourself that you are revising. You are not actually revising. Then tricks plus approaches, please do it. Please do it. Don't rely on your knowledge alone. You can never solve UPSC question by being 100% prepared. This is what personally I believe. You can do it well and good, but I personally believe you can't, you can never do that. Please be ready for questions you don't know. Please attempt questions you don't know. Like you know, like please, if you know mathematics, you know the probability. You eliminate three options. You have a very good chance of getting it right. So please do that. Then, okay, pick up the demand of UPSC. Where do you pick up the demand of UPSC? You go to previous year papers. These 20 days, if you haven't solved previous year paper, buy a good book. I don't know where the Shankar provides. If Shankar provides, yes. Otherwise, Visad, Disha, many publications, has it, solve it. Please solve it, especially static areas. Geography, modern Indian history. Modern history, sorry, ancient history. They repeat, I think Alexander, some Munro question. It was exactly there. It was exactly there in the paper. You're getting two marks extra with zero effort, actually. It was the same, you're just mugging it up. So please do it. Then, visual approach. Like I said, have visual aids. It is a form of revision. We have a very wrong notion that revision means going through the entire text again and again. No, you do it smart way. You see a picture of a black bug. Will you forget what a black bug is? You will not forget it. So have a very visual approach, okay? Then logical elimination, just reasoning. See, the reasoning can be wrong. For example, the Antarctic treaty, the way I rescind it, it is wrong. And I will mark it wrong. That's why I'm attending more questions. Because I know I'm taking a risk. So if you have invested in stocks, you know a word hedge, hedge the risk. You must be knowing it, hedge the risk. This is how you hedge the risk, you attempt more. Then, always, okay, why the other options are wrong? National parks, tribals, all these are edges for people wanting IFS. They are, why are they asking environment questions? Because they are testing people for Indian Forest Service also. That's why they're asking environment questions. Be very thorough with the Shankar book. Be very thorough with the current affairs book. If there are any doubts you want to ask offline and online, please feel free to ask. Anything, was it useful? I mean, did you follow it? Okay, fine, good. Any doubts, anyone? Are we sharing anything? Online? Okay, there are two approaches. I have a friend of this here, 49th rank. What she does is she goes four rounds, 25 questions, four rounds. That's what, how she does. What I do is I sit with, I go one complete round. That, my theory is, listen to my theory, whatever you have been following, do that only, okay? Don't change it, but since you asked. My theory is, if I don't know a question, the more time I spend on that question, some pre-existing knowledge ways I'm able to dig out. Gipsum, I know the formula, I can say CA and this. So I need to spend time with a question to arrive at option because my knowledge, this is very evident from this discussion, my knowledge base is not that good. So I rely on techniques mostly, so I sit with entire rounds. If you do it very fast and you like to come and revisit questions, do it round. Whatever you have been doing, do it, or you have enough time to, like, don't have a novice approach or a fresh approach in the exam. You must do whatever you have tested and verified in mock test. I'm 100% sure of anybody who has tried a new thing in mock test have bombed, I can give you in writing this thing. All my friends who have bombed in prelims, the thing is they tried a new approach there. No, why are you practicing? You're practicing so that next time you attempt, try attempting 100, no? Who is stopping you? What do we have to lose? We are not here to prove this to anybody. Try attempting 98 questions, you know or don't know. Try attempting 98, see what kind of errors you're making. So experiment everything that you have to in mock test and do the tested and verified thing only. And one more thing I'll suggest to you. I had a book called, I used Evernote, and Evernote I had a book called Error Book. The error book what I do is, now suppose the Antarctic question, I got it wrong. What I'll do is I'll Google it, I'll select it, I'll copy paste it. So that is the error I made. I'll get a picture of Antarctica organization something, I'll post it so that it aids my visual memory, and I'll differentially highlight. In Evernote you can have red highlight, blue highlight, I'll differentially highlight it. The thing is, I will not need to revise that error again. That will get registered in my mind and they'll make sure if this question repeats it will not happen. So when you are doing a test, open an error book. Just for your errors, and before the day of the exam, if you can't revise everything that you have learned, just revise the error book. I'm sure that will help increase your accuracy. And on the day of exam, reach your center well on time. Last year you must have heard about a boy who reached late and committed suicide and everything. I don't know, let's not do that. Let's not do that. I mean, it's not worth it. I mean, we spend so much time, I mean, God bless this whole, but we spend so much time, let's not do that kind of mistakes. These kind of mistakes are admissible, those kind of mistakes are not. It should, if it is out of our hand, well and good. Reach center on time, port your desk. If this thing is allowed, take it because some centers may not have, they will have perforated desk. So when you bubble it can go wrong. Let's not get tense based on that. Don't get tense and I had a person who was very quick in bubbling every answer, who sat next to me and I was like, oh my God, I didn't study anything or what. I checked his roll number, he didn't clear. So he, he was sitting next to me. Obviously I know his roll number. So don't fall for these kind of things. These are all gimmicks. People who are serious, they don't do all this. I'm very sure. You will know a serious candidate once you see him. People are, so don't, let's not scare someone. Let's not scare ourselves. Let's be very calm, okay? Be very calm, market very peacefully. And there are two approaches to OMR marking. If you have gone through entrance examination training, you might be knowing it. I do need not explain just for the sake of freshness if anyone is here. Either you can mark simultaneously or you can, what you can do? I, what I do is I wait till 10 o'clock. What's our time? 9 to 11, 9 to, sorry? 9 30 to 11 30. I wait till 11 maybe or 10 45, then only I bubble. Why I do that? Because we had a proportional representation question in the beginning and I got the concept of that question from another question towards the end. I could link it. So answer I don't know. Maybe towards the end I can know and I can answer a question I don't know. I have the liberty to go back. Once I bubble, I can do it. But, but if you're doing it, make sure you test and verify it beforehand. Not a single thing you didn't do for the mock test you should not do. Please don't do it. It's harakiri, I'm telling you. It's don't do it. Please test and verify and then only go. Your ample practice opportunity, you're very gifted. I come from a rural area. I never had an institute. You are very gifted. You have excellent faculty. You have very resourceful persons and friends. Practice everything. Don't have any ego. Let you, let you bomb in your mock test. It doesn't matter. I know many people who got 60 and skills scored 140, 120 in actual problems. So it's basically dependent on luck also what you see, what you don't see. I hope the session was fruitful to you. I hope it was helpful. I wish every one of you the very best, especially those who are aspiring IFS. All right, all right, then all the very best. Thank you. Please.