 We checked the data, we're geeks, and we looked at the data. This is a map produced by the San Francisco Public Health Department. They evaluated 36 different indicators for resiliency of a neighborhood, like how likely they are to given hazards, environmental environment around it, things like housing, economic wealth and health and demographic of the neighborhoods and ranked at those neighborhoods on a scale of one to five. We used to live here on a four scale. We now live here on a two scale out of five, so much lower, possibly much lower resiliency for the neighborhood itself. It's a more vulnerable place, and so the comfort that we used to have in the other place went away and we needed to make a plan. My wife said, I have a plan, I have a plan, I know what I'm going to do. We need to know our neighborhood better. We need to improve the quality of the data, the information that we have, because otherwise we're going to get screwed. We're going to be the ones that we need help instead of being the ones helping others. So we sat around and we looked at the amount of information that is available already on an open street map. We realized that the coverage is not as good as I expected, and I realized afterwards after diving a little bit deeper that indeed a lot of California and United States, well I don't want to generalize, but definitely California, a lot of data is not an open street map. It's kind of, it's not as popular as it is as a tool in Europe or as I thought it would be. But so we looked at open street map and we thought, okay, so most of the features are in there. We just have a quantity problem. But we also, we thought about, we started talking to other nerds and we realized that other groups, they were doing the same thing. They were looking around and trying to build maps. And they were using all sorts of different tools. As you can imagine, open street map was not one of those. They were working on Google Maps and they were adding features with points and dots. They were using companions with like printing a map from any source or just buying a map from even the one from the tourist board. And they were adding features manually on top. But what happened is over time these maps were becoming obsolete. They were not maintained and the new people would move to another neighborhood and they would change. So all of the information was lost. So we started talking to people and pushing for using open street map as a standardized tool for data entry, at least for the data entry. We had a little bit of resistance because given the open street map works fantastic for data entry. It's got its own review system. Its publication system is very fast. But the applications, like mobile applications, they're not super friendly for, especially if you give it to someone who's not a computer person or a mapper. They just volunteer and they need one piece of information. And we also noticed some things like features that were not properly tagged. This is a police and a combination of a call box. You may have seen them in other parts of the world, too. And they're also in New York and there's an interesting story. This one didn't have a key in open street map. And I proposed one and there was an interesting conversation on the tagging mailing list about this. Because most parts of the world, these are obsolete. These are not considered useful because you can call, if there is a fire, you can give a very good, you can use your phone to make a call. In San Francisco, though, these things have been reinforced and they are used for redundancy. So they are actively maintained. In New York, they were thinking about getting rid of them until Hurricane Sandy hit. And they were very useful during Hurricane Sandy. So they're now maintaining those, too, instead of getting rid of them. So we had to fix, well, we had to fix. We had to add that feature to open street map. It was missing for our city. And we're working on adding another piece of information that is missing on open street map. There is an open proposal on the Wiki. We can talk about this afterwards. These are buildings that are called soft story. Soft story buildings. These are buildings where usually the bottom floor is more flexible than the top ones. Or at least there is one floor that is more flexible than the rest of the structure. And these are most likely to collapse. After 89, San Francisco did a census of the buildings in the city. And there are 13,000 of them, 13,000. They're being fixed one after another. But there are still many of them that are not done. The program should be done by 2020. Oh, one interesting thing. Notice something that I would have never thought about, even though I'm an architect by training. But bricks shoot out once there is a earthquake. So one thing that they teach you at North Training is to be aware when the ground starts moving, go away from anything that looks like a brick. Because it will be projected outside, get out of the way. So we started working with the nerd. You can see they carry these vests. And we run a couple of mapathons with them trying to testing and building a playbook, basically, that can be used and replicated in other parts of town and across the different communities to map and add the features that you need. We use field paper. After some research, we decided that paper is the best way to add information to OpenStreetMap. You don't need to have someone trained explicitly for OpenStreetMap. You can add anybody a piece of paper with a map, a grayed out map in background. And they can add keys on top like this number here or another number there. And then using this QR code, I don't know if you're familiar with, Field Papers gives you a URL here that you can scan, upload into OpenStreetMap, and use that automatically as a background. And then you can geolocate very easily the new information that you collected on the field with pen and paper. And this is a picture from December, so very recent. And so after that, the data entry is, let's say, we basically solved this problem. We're now working on the visualization layer, and we have a little bit of constraints. But the first prototype we built is with QGIS, with pulling data with a couple of plugins from OpenStreetMap. And then producing a map that shows the features that we want, like the fire alarm, the shop car repair, fuel, stations, buildings with that vulnerability. See how many there are? Hospital, construction zones, like these guys, there's a lot of them. There is one more here now. And we're expanding. We had in September, well, September 2017, but also last year, we had heat waves in San Francisco, something really unheard of. Well, the heat wave in San Francisco is not the same heat wave that we have in Europe. I realize that 38 degrees Celsius is considered a heat wave in San Francisco. And in fact, actually, three people died during those couple of days in September. But in any case, heat waves and change in climate in general are becoming an issue. And in fact, there is much of an issue that the San Francisco Public Health Department also has done some work and some research to evaluate how the impact of a heat wave on the community. And they built this map where they identified the places where there is more likelihood of having issues in case the temperatures go a little higher. San Francisco buildings usually don't have air conditioning. We just open the windows and wait for the fog to come in. And it's pretty reliable all the time. But there are there have been cases, especially in 2017, less so last year that things happen. So but what happens is the resiliency is not just earthquakes. That's what we realize. It's not just that you need to prepare for a quake. You need to prepare for other things that will not be predictable and are not predictable and can create discomfort in a community. And what this means is that we can map, we can use census information to identify the neighborhoods, the areas where people are more likely to suffer from heat. And on a map, we can also add information about the, what are they called? Cooling centers, the cooling centers like public swimming pools or public libraries where air conditioning is usually is usually on play community centers where there is also air conditioning and when people, the most vulnerable population can can go and and refresh. Or, you know, during the extreme cold weather that hit the East Coast recently, it's the same the same kind of principle you if you have a map and you know the resources that you have, you can definitely prepare and be ready to respond in case of emergency of any kind hits. And you can also more easily rally your response team, your emergency response team to help out. So what's next? Definitely on the San Francisco area, we need more data. We need more data entered into open street map because the coverage is not that great. And some neighborhoods are better than others, but definitely we need more. But I consider this kind of a solved problem. We basically have now a playbook for map-a-thons, running map-a-thons. We can easily replicate and train trainers so that we can have a consistent production of good data and therefore good information for earthquake response specifically. We're still working and we need a better way of running the maps, visualizing the maps. And this is a harder problem to solve. I still haven't cracked it. The QJAS is fine, but you need someone trained in order to really produce a map and print a nice booklet every three months or six months. You know, maps, the moment they're printed, they're old. But you still need to have something on paper because in emergency, you will lose the internet access. That's the assumption. So we have a hard constraint here because we really don't want to run our custom server. So we would really like to have something lightweight that runs and pulls information live quickly from open street map, builds the map with the skin and the way we want it to be presented and print a booklet. We're still working on that. I'm going to, you know, if anybody is interested into this, we can talk about it. And I'd be happy to have more volunteers joining. And then we want to be expanding this to other areas, too. We would like to see other communities think about response, not just emergency response, but emergency preparedness. When we started working, we started contributing to open street map after the Nepal earthquake into 2015. 2015. And we realized that there is a, we found out about the hope, the humanitarian open street map hot initiative. And we worked a lot with them using trying to collect, you know, find out which buildings have collapsed and which roads are still working and things like that. And those are, that's great after the quake. Before the quake, having knowledge of your neighborhood and knowing which buildings are more likely to collapse, that will help you, if you survive, you know, if you're completely able, then you can go and check those buildings first. And sometimes arriving fast is crucial to save someone's life. And at the same time, if you know, and it's very predictable that there is a new heat wave or a cold snap coming in, then you know which buildings you're going to have to go and check whether they need something, like they need shelter, they need help. So this is also something that we're very, more than happy to go and talk to a meetup or start organizing other, help you organize other local groups the way we've been doing things in San Francisco. And with that, I think these are my contacts. This is my shameless plug for the sponsor. This is me and this is my wife. And Michael is helping us, is one of our volunteers. The slides are also on Fosden.org on the website. The same place where you give feedback, you can download the slides. And thank you. Look at faction. Yeah, we're not really, we're not thinking about that because in San Francisco specifically, those are known, those are disclosed by, every time you buy something or you, even if you rent something, a building, your, that information is disclosed. So I don't think it really fits into OpenStreetMap. Yeah, yeah, not unlikely. Paper is the one thing that will for sure work and devices, they will need to be charged. So in the 72 hours website, they will tell you that yes, you need to carry a lot of batteries, and you need to stuff batteries and solar panels and all of that into your carry-on bag. Most likely you're going to need the batteries to listen to the radio, to operate your ham radio or portable ham radio if you're a North emergency responder. So in the budget of how much energy you need, you may want to have the paper and maybe the extra up too, but I would think a paper as a first thing. In any case, volunteers are welcome. I mean, sorry, okay. You were first? No, that was purely by chance. And I can tell you the rest of this, the first one. Yeah, you're right, yeah, it's correct. No, the algorithm was much simpler. It was, and it was related to not having a credit score when we moved to the United States. It's very general purpose. The way we're thinking about this is really a playbook for learning about your place and be able to help in case of emergency, any kind of emergency. So for this first implementation, we followed the NERC training program for which resources you have to have available. But as I showed, I mean, on this other map for the heat waves protection thing, you don't need to know for, supermarkets will have refrigeration and they will have water and most likely they will help you in case of emergency, in case it's too hot outside. They will probably donate to an organization if you set it up that way. Like NERC, they can go to a tool shop and ask for tools to help save someone from under a building or something like that. You have a different angle on what is useful and important. Right, absolutely, absolutely. Yeah, you just have to think about the features that you want to represent and then select those. Persensitivity, the same needs and enthusiast. We haven't started officially, but we're more than open to do that. We noticed that there are other resiliency efforts even at UN and other organizations they have, they have these efforts going on. So it's not an isolated thing, yeah. It's stuck afterwards, I want to write it down. Well, that's it, that's exactly what I want. Awesome, and it pulls from open street map, I'm guessing, awesome. Yes, leave feedback, please. Thank you.