 Welcome to Civil Speedia, the current of US Digital Library powered by Shankar AIS Academy. As part of today's discussion, we will look at Prime Minister Kanij Shetra Kalyan Yojana Kardungla and Global Youth Development Index in Bandipur Tiger Reserve. And finally, as part of Mainz, we will discuss a Hindu article of the root cause of corruption. First, let us discuss this Prime Minister or Pratana Mantri Kanij Shetra Kalyan Yojana. It comes under the Ministry of Mines of Government of India and we should know that this project or this program is for the welfare of people and also areas, people and also areas affected by mining related operations and it is based on this welfare activities are carried out using the funds that is accrued to this district mineral foundation. This district mineral foundation was established by Section 9, Capital B of Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Act of 1957. Section 9, Capital B was inserted in this legislation in this act in the year 2015 by way of an amendment and this program, the objectives of the program is to implement various developmental and welfare projects in mining affected areas and to mitigate the adverse impacts particularly this talks about the environmental health and socio-economic aspects of the people who are affected by mining operations and to ensure long term sustainable livelihoods for the affected people. What we have to know that, know is that this funds are accrued in this, the funds accrued in district mineral foundation come from the royalty that is paid by those who hold the mining lease and this Prime Minister, this Pradhan Mandri, Kanij, Shetra, Kalyan Yojana will be implemented by the, through the funds by the district mineral foundation. What we have to keep in mind is 60% of the fund will be utilized for high priority areas and these areas were called as high priority areas, the PowerPoint presentation will be available in the YouTube description and the remaining areas are called as other priority areas and there could be a question like whether these four areas come under high priority area of the government under the Ministry of Mines in this particular program, there could be a question on it and with this we come to the end of this topic, next we will discuss Kardung La, this La Intimidian language means pass, this is a very important pass in the Ladakh region in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, it also finds a mention in the NCRT textbook and it is called as the gateway of this Lubra and shock valleys, it is also called as the gateway of Siachen Glacier as well and it is located at an altitude of 5602 meters but this is also being disputed by several other passes in the world and it was also claimed as high motorable pass in the world which again is disputed, historically this pass is a major Karawan route between Leh and Kashgar in Central Asia and this pass was made motorable or the motor road in this pass was built in the year 1976 and it was open to motor vehicles in the year 1988, several atoms were made to build roads in this particular pass by the government of India since 1963 because when we construct a road and Avalanche happens even this pass was recently in news because of an Avalanche and this pass was now maintained by this border roads organization strategically located because we said it is called as gateway of the Siachen Glacier, whatever material we take to Siachen Glacier we have to traverse through this Kardung La Pass that is the strategic position within which the location within the location of this Kardung La Pass next we will discuss global youth development index first we have to know who prepares or who publishes this report wherein this index was talked about this was published by the commonwealth secretariat located in London UK and here in they are discussing the age of the youth what we have to keep in mind is globally there is no agreement over the age in with the definition for youth right if you look at this slide we can see that according to the commonwealth the age is 15 age for youth is between 15 to 29 even if you look at the various bodies or programs in united nation there are there is no concord or agreement for example for you inhabited youth fund it is between 15 to 32 for you and population fund it is between 10 to 24 and again in the for UNESCO it is 15 to 24 so globally there is no agreement and for this particular index they have taken the age between 15 to 29 and it is a composite index of 18 indicators in five domains these domains they could ask in civil services exam because previously for global hunger index they have asked about which of the following are indicators and similarly there could be a question on which one of the following is a domain or not a domain coming under this index report education health and well-being employment and opportunity political participation and civic participation for example civic participation in this report actually had two indicators one of which is whether the youth himself or herself have volunteered for a social cause and this is one indicator coming under civic participation and it talks about need rate the expansion of need here is not in education employment and training actually it means the youth who are in youth who are working who are not in education or employment or training for the source for this information is international labour organization OECD etc. and what we have to keep in mind is three-fourth of the youth population in south Asia or in India that is 345 million out of 477 million youth or Indians in southern Asia alright and India the India's rank is 133 out of 183 countries with a score of 0.548 and within the commonwealth countries the score of India is 34 out of 49 countries which participated out of the overall 53 nations in the members in the commonwealth countries and with this we come to the end of this discussion next we will talk about this bandipur tiger reserve it is located in karnataka prior to which we will see tiger is our national animal and Indian government resolved a solid support in the form of project tiger in the year 1973 in the year 1973 almost 9 places were notified as tiger reserve of which bandipur is also one of them and later at present as on June 2018 there were around 50 tiger reserves in India according to government of India and presently there are 5 tiger reserves in the state of karnataka and these are the 5 tiger reserves bandipur the core area of this bandipur tiger reserve is located in bandipur national park and what we have to keep in mind is this section 38 capital V of the wildlife protection act of 1972 states that the state government shall prepare a try a tiger conservation plan it was recently in news because of a proposal endorsed by the ministry of road transport and highways about constructing a road pathway through this bandipur tiger reserve whereas the ministry of environment forest and climate change has not endorsed it or is acting against it and therefore it was in news we have to keep in mind where this tiger reserve comes and 5 out of 50 tiger reserves in India are in the state of karnataka and with this we come to the end of this discussion and this bandipur tiger reserve alone has around some 120 to 150 tigers. Next we will discuss the mains article given in the Hindu newspaper the root cause of corruption according to this author the author talks about the corruption perception index 2017 where India stands and also about the top 10 countries and also the countries that share the rank that India has scored for example India score is 40 out of 100 see the value of 0 means highly corrupt and the value of 100 means very clean country or no corruption and India's rank is 81 out of 180 the same rank is scored by Ghana, Morocco and Turkey and this corruption perception index 2017 was released by this transparency international coalition against global coalition against corruption and the authors main or his main team or his main point is that corruption is directly proportional to the socioeconomic gap or inequality in a country whatever the cultural or historical factors are there it could only add or subtract to this socioeconomic disparity and the more the socioeconomic disparity the greater is the incentive for corruption what we have to keep in mind is the author was talking about historical factors or cultural factors that could have an impact on corruption because historically we had in India and some other countries the colonial rule or feudal rule wherein we could find the top down power structures one important thing is that here the voices of the poor or the voices of the people in the lower level according to this top down power structure or those who are in the bottom would have no voice or their voice would have been deliberately silenced and that is one form of historical factor which could have added to the present day corruption and the unresponsive authoritarianism wherein there is no transparency no possibility of asking any reason behind a scheme or an announcement or whatever it could also have a point of influencing corruption because when there is unresponsive unresponsive authoritarianism there would be breaking of laws and when there are breaking of laws when it is unchecked by judiciary it could lead more people to involve in corruption for example whenever the access to justice or whenever the offenders or go unpunished whenever the justice is not swift not fair and not certain their breaking of laws or breaking of rules will be common and it will have a direct implication for corruption however the author's point is that most of the time most important component for corruption is the social economic disparity within our country and this disparity what we have to keep in mind is we talk about economic disparity and social disparity and within the economic disparity according to the Oxfam report if we go by it in the year 2017 of the total wealth that is generated in our country 73% of the total wealth generated in our country in 2017 has went to richest 1% in the country that is how the inequality is now widening and also deepening and coming to this bridging or this reducing or this removing social inequality what we have to keep in mind is that how far access to justice is available for people in various sections people in various religions whether minority could get access to justice not just access to the judicial institutions justice it is also part of a target and a sustainable development goal for example what we have to see is whether the people from people who are transgenders or people who are sexual minorities or people who are religious minorities or people who belong to the scheduled caste or the scheduled tribes were able to get the appropriate judgements or the judgements or access to justice in judicial institutions coming to economic point of view what we have to keep in mind is in every sphere for example say in judiciary how many of the people from say minorities or say from the scheduled caste or the scheduled tribes or say from differently abled communities or friends or fraternity or from transgender fraternity how entered into this judicial institutions as judges or as advocates there are several connotations most of the time we do not have a data segregation or segregated data for all these parameters this we have to keep in mind and we have to be inclusive at all these domain and according to the other if India is going to take a step against corruption what it has to do is actually it has to take a step to reduce or to remove socio-economic disparity among its people and he also states that whenever say for example an amount of say 10,000 is not a matter for the rich person in India and whenever the same amount is being say monthly salary for one poor person and there is demand and there is supply for corruption but if there is no inequality even though there could be a demand there would be no supply even though there could be supply there would be no demand at that time there would be no corruption because there is no inequality inequality that is what the other means to say and with this but whenever there is social disparity what happens is that there will be a mass lack of interest among the people in our country towards the demand for greater transparency in the corridors of power or those in the authority however whenever the and he also states that the top 10 countries in the corruption perception index of 2017 who have performed well 9 out of top 10 countries are European states or European settler states wherein there is not much inequality or wherein people get economic and social justice which is not the case with our country and whenever that happens whenever there is less inequality or whenever there is no inequality there would be no corruption with this we come to the end of this discussion we request you to like our video comment our video and also to subscribe to our Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil services preparation