 Mycolactone, a lipid toxin produced by the human pathogen mycobacterium ulcerans, was discovered decades ago but has since revealed many important insights into the biology of the bacteria and its effects on humans. It has been found to be a powerful inhibitor of the mammalian translocan, Sector 61, which has allowed scientists to gain insight into how it affects the immune system, viruses, and even cancer cells. These discoveries have opened up new possibilities for treating diseases caused by AM. Ulcerans, such as Buruli ulcer, and could lead to further applications of Sector 61 inhibitors in other areas. This article was offered by Daniela Ricci and Caroline Demangel.