 Mijn bedankt voor de Luwian studies, voor me te ondersteunen dat ik hier kan spelen en ze helpen me met de PowerPoint-presentatie, dus het ziet er heel goed uit, denk ik. Ik zal over Azama, Asuwa en Mira, die in mijn opinie zijn drie naam voor een en dezelfde land in Anatolia. In mijn boek op de Luwian's of Western Anatolia, ik ooit dat de roulers van de zo-called Asurian League van de laatste 15e eeuw groeien voor pre-eminente status als Krabekin. Dezelfde status kunnen positief attributen tot Targonorado af Azama, die in de Armanna letters negociëerd op een bepaalde niveau met de Egyptische Krabekin Amenhotep III, om de bedankte van zijn dochter op de letter te zijn. Eindelijk, de ontdekking van een Luwian hieroglyphische inscriptie op Latmos in de hinterland van Miletus, van een groot prins, waarschijnlijk Mira, explicitelijk in een andere inscriptie van Latmos, dat de realm van Mira werd geweldigd door een groot prins op de tijd van de laatste half van de 13e eeuw. In ieder geval was Mira zeker geweldigd door een groot prins op het einde sted van de Bronze Age, en de kubitas was adrest als search by his Hittite colleague in KBO 1880, en hij zon Kupanta Kurentas reining in de periode van de opeheuvels van de zeepeepels. At the end of the Bronze Age explicitly claimed this title in his Luwian hieroglyphic memorial van Baykeu. The question now arises, are Asuwa, Azawa en Mira three distinct countries, or three manifestations of basically the same realm, each under a distinct name? In this paper I will discuss the relevant data from Hittite, Egyptian, Machinian sources in order to answer this question. From a general point of view, however, it may be observed in advance of this undertaking that it's unlikely that there were more than one great kingdom in Western Anatolia at one and the same time. As the status of a great king is defined by his rule over a number of vessel kings and therefore there simply is not enough room for two or three of these in Western Anatolia. Theoretically, therefore, Azawa, Azuwa en Mira are more likely to be considered as one and the same realm under various names corresponding by and large to the Kingdom of Lydia under the Mernuts during the 7th and 6th century BC. The evidence on the country of Azawa, Azuwa en Mira from Hittite and Egyptian Machinian sources kan be summarised as follows. From this overview it can be deduced that all three country names are attested for Hittite sources, but that the Egyptian and Machinian ones have only two. The first lacking Mira and the second lacking Azawa. With respect to Egyptian, it deserves our attention that Isi, as attested for the reign of Thutmose, the third onward has rightly been identified as the equivalent of Greek Asia and hence of Hittite, Azuwa, already by Kudzeta in 1917. Replacing is wrong identification with the island of Alasia or Cyprus. About the identification of Itzu and all the writing variants also attested from the reign of Thutmose, the third onwards as Azawa there fortunately has been no such confusion. Itzu is Azawa. Finally, although an equivalent of Mira is missing in Egyptian hieroglyphic, it needs to be emphasised that the Egyptians were familiar with this country name, as Ramses II sent a letter in the cuneiform script to the king of Mira, presumably Alantalis, the father of Muscovitas. The Machinian evidence consists of the ethnics Asciwio, Asvios, and Asciwia, Asvii, attested in the first instance for linear bay tablets from Knossos Argives, dated to 1350 BC and those from Piglos dated 1200 BC and in the second instance only from a linear bay tablet from Pylos. Alongside these ethnics related to the country name Asuwa, there is also a mention of Mira in various tablets from Pylos and in the form of Mira also in a linear hieroglyphic seal from Pirati in Attica, which is secondarily used as a bead for a necklace and dates to the late Helletic 3B or C transitional period in the 12th century BC. We had already indicated that both the Machinians seem to have been unfamiliar with the country name Arzawa. The omission of Arzawa in the Machinian linear bay tablets and to a lesser extent in view of the mention in cuneiform that of Mira in Egyptian hieroglyphic evidence is significant to our investigation as it is unlikely that the Machinians were unfamiliar with the region of western Anatolia known as Arzawa and that the Egyptians were unfamiliar with the region in western Aegean Minor known as Mira. In other words, that their knowledge of western Anatolia was lekkernary. It lies more at hand to assume that the Machinians and the Egyptians were familiar to this or these specific regions by different names. Most revealing for a purpose of is it to zoom in to the Hittite evidence of which an overview is given in Table 2. To start at the lower end of the sequence when the second defeated Arzawa in the third and fourth year of his reign he created a new political constellation consisting of three provinces. Mira Kualia ruled by Maschou Iluwas, Sega Apavija ruled by Manapa Tugundus and Gapala ruled by Tarakasnalli. In the 12-year of Moesili's reign Maschou Iluwas rebeld against his overlord and was replaced by Coupanta Corundas II. Subsequently in the reign of Muwetalus II there is a question of a so-called Alexander's Treaty of not just three but four Arzabalans, a Vilusha being added as the fourth one, ruled by Alexander's after whom the treaty is named. Vesselking of Mira Kualia is still Coupanta Corundas II en of Sega Apavija Manapa Tugundus. Who is written by mistake otherwise. Whereas in Gapala Tarakasnalli's has been succeeded by Ura Gatushas. De kaat you see on the map Mira Kualia and Sega to the North which has Apavija in the hinterland and then Vilusha on top in the North West. For our understanding and also imported Gapala in the Sakaria basin. For our understanding of this new situation we have to go into the details of the geographic whereabouts. The former Kingdom of Arzala boarded on the Aegean is the identification of its capital Appasha with classical aversos underlines and as can further be elaborated by the identification of Puranda with modern Badam Gede and of Arinanda with modern Samsungda. One of the successor prophecies Mira is named after the town Mira which thanks to the legions of a Lujan hill glyphic stamp seal discovered at Bajtse Sultan in which this town name occurs can positively be identified with modern Bajtse Sultan. Notwithstanding so the province of Mira included the Aegean coastal region in like manner as its foreign Azhava as the juicable from the fact that this land Mira is mentioned in Lujan hieroglyphic rock inscription at Karabal near Smirna by one of its kings, Takuwas a brother of Maschuitas as well as as we have noted in the above in a Lujan hieroglyphic rock inscription at Latmos in the hinterland of Miletus. It therefore seems likely that Mira corresponds to the Azhava nuclear province of Azhava Minor and no doubt the shift of the capital from Appasha at the western coast of Mira along the Hirat border served political purposes allowing the Hittite a greater hold on this province. You see a phase is on the coast and Bajtse Sultan is in the hinterland is closer to the Hittites. Thanks to a Lujan hieroglyphic inscription from Avion in which Kuala is mentioned in vorm of Kuala the province of Kuala associated with Mira and ruled by its vessel king can be situated in the province of modern Avion bordering on Mira to the southeast. Next owing to the rediscovery of Lujan hieroglyphic inscription from Yaziltas the province of Sega is definitely to be located in the Kaikos valley to the north of Mira and its appendix Apavija in the riverland of the upper Marquestos later called Abaitis. As Vilusha is no doubt rudely associated with Greek Ilion or Vilion or Troy the province of Vilusha obviously lies to the north of Sega in the Troat. Finally Gapala derivative in Allah of the Lujan Gapa river is likely to be placed in the riverland within the basin of the Sagarios further watered by the its tributary the Pursuq to the east of Apavija and to the north east of Kuala. In some of them the four Azava lands cover western Anatolia in its entirety with the exclusion of the region of Lycia in the south. The gist of the geographic argument is that Mira in effect is the successor of Azava, Minor and that therefore after Mussili's the second reorganization of the western country named Mira replaces that of Azava. A similar argument holds good for Ashua first identified with Greek Asia by Emil Fourer in 1924. This country name occurs almost exclusively in the annals of the Hittite great kings Tutgalia's the second and Anuwanda's the first. Given this fact it's mentioned in a retrospective context in Kaube 26.91 likely goes back to the letters the letter half of the 15th century when Tutgalia's the second defeated the so-called Asuvian League. The same verdict no doubt applies to the Luwian hieroglyphic legions on stamp seal of silent seals from western Asia Minor reading Asuvia. There is also a cuneiform inscription on the sword in which Tutgalia's the second commemorates his victory over the country Asuba. Now in the annals of Tutgalia's the second mention is made of Azava in a context where it is associated with Sega as we have seen in the region of the Caicos valley and Gapala as we have noted in the located in the Sahadius basin and Pariana or classical Priene situated along the coast in between Ephesus and Miletus. Then follows an interlude about the Asuvian campaign a coalition of forces from Luka in Lycia in the south to Vilusha or the Trood in the north. In this context mention is made of the place names Guvalusia, Dura, Corupia and Galua corresponding to classical Colossoi, Thera, Corufe and Coloewe. These are places situated where we located Azava. Accordingly Asuwa functions here as a temporary substitute for Azava. After this interlude about the Asuvian League the story continues with Anuwanda's the second dealing with Azava ruled by its king Kupanta Coruntas the first especially so in the so called Maduatas text. A suspicion that Asuwa functions as a temporary substitute for Azava in the annals of Tutgalia's the second and Anuwanda's the first is further enhanced by the fact that the League thus named is headed by a king named Piamacuruntas a hereditary name within the Azaman Royan family. By the way the seal of this king has been found in Aladja Hujuk to which place Piamacuruntas was deported with his sons en his family after his defeat. Finally it deserves our attention in this connection that Asuwa is associated with the place name Asarata or classical Sardis and the river name Varmala or classical Hermos and that is association with the region south of Sega in the heartland of Azava is further stressed by Homeric Iliad passage in which references made to the asius limon the asian field near Aephosos. All in all then the Hittite evidence seems to indicate to be indicative of the fact that Asarava, Asuwa and Mira were not three distinct countries in their own right but that Asarava was at times also referred to as Asuwa and Mira. How much time do I have? Hahaha Oké ik wil dan eindigen om te zeggen dat het heel vaak is dat een land met meer namen is zoals de Nederlandse ook de loge landen en speciaal met Tani is Ghanigalbat Ornachrima Orchurienland in de L-Omanatext dus het is een heel vaak feature Ik bedankt voor je attentie