 What are the sources of data on migration in West and North Africa? Most of what we know comes from population censuses. Censuses can include three questions on migration. Where were you born? This gives the born abroad or immigrant population. Where were you residing five years ago? This provides the number of recent immigrants. Are there any former members of your household currently residing abroad? This gives the immigrant population. These three questions can deliver a detailed picture of migration, including place of residence, country of origin or destination for immigrants, age, gender, education and occupation. Yet censuses are conducted once every 10 years. They miss what happens in between. These count individuals, not evidence, not flows, not those in a regular situation, and temporary migrants. What do populations censuses tell about migration in West and North Africa? West and North Africa has a relatively low level of international migration. Most migration from West African countries is destined for other West African countries. Two major destinations for African migrants emerge, Côte d'Ivoire and Libya. Most migrants in West and North Africa are not heading for Europe. Those who try to reach Europe by sea with no visa are a small minority. Most come by air and with a visa. Migrants education has dramatically increased. There is a sharp contrast between all migrants with low level of education and skills and new migrants who are on average more educated than their population of origin.