 Whereas our native grasses are long adapted to the climate that we have here. One of the big constraints is that the native grasses, if you look at the cool season grasses, they're very pliable and palatable. The native grasses are stiffer and that's because they nitrogen and moisture were so limited. They actually build structures in their leaves. They have a different kind of photosynthesis than our typical forage grasses. So there's a lot of fiber in this and even actually less, fewer nitrogen-rich enzymes for photosynthesis. So our native grasses are just a lot more efficient in terms of using the resources here, but that doesn't make them so good for cattle forage. So the idea of what we wanted to try here is introducing native legumes into these systems. So looking at something that's complementary to the to the prairies to boost nitrogen versus adding fertilizer or even trying to add typical forage legumes, which just with the way they're growing season is doesn't coincide very well with what the prairies do. So if you seed it in a lot of red clover, you could kind of shade out a lot of the things that you really wanted in the prairie in the long run. So we looked at primarily two things. We looked at this across the diversity gradient. So in our switchgrass monocultures, our lowest diversity, just one native species, and then successively more diverse prairies with more native species incorporated. And what we let me look at management. So things that we could do to limit the competition for those legumes, you think. So we looked at rotational stocking with cattle, bringing in Janet's Holstein heifers to graze periodically and open up the canopy and let more light down to the soil. And then we also compared that to mowing, which is a tool that most farmers could do and many conservation organizations already do some mowing. So we looked at diversity in the tools and interceded legumes in a split split plot design. And unfortunately, after two years, we basically saw zero recruitment of legumes. There were seedlings here and there, but from a biological or ecological forage aspect, those legumes aren't really a major component of the system. So future research, I think, would have to drill down more on timing of interceding or different kinds of management to really try to complement that. So we were trying to do a broad range of things here. And we weren't able to drill down as well on that. But we were still able to quantify the forage quality in these different diversity levels, which is something that we hadn't been able to do for this part of the country previously. And we also looked at the effects of mowing and grazing and just typical more hands off conservation management, just with prescribed fire on the prairies. And what we found is that grazing didn't really cause a big change in the plant community over time. So this is rotational grazing with cattle where they're allowed to be selective and choose grasses and legumes actually could be integrated with a lot of our existing conservation lands. So we could do more adaptive management and research going in the future on that, I think, and make our restoration of native species more economic for landowners of all stripes, the mowing really depressed a lot of our native forbs. So if you look out across here, the tall species with broad leaves that you see standing up, those are native sunflowers. We see some, there's some yellow cone flower already flowering here, golden rods. So those are really important species for pollinators and they help support the food web with all the insects that they support. So we like to see those. But in some cases, things like Canada golden rod can be a real problem in our perennial grasslands and mowing that twice during the summer really started to depress some of those more weedy species. So I think what's exciting about this project is it starts to scratch the surface more on some of the more active management we could be taking with our native grasslands. So not just burning and doing some hand cutting to get rid of shrubs, but mowing and grazing and different combinations of these things could really start to create more niches for different kinds of plants in wildlife and also I think help to integrate these types of communities more into working farms where people also need to be able to make a profit off of the land that they have out there.