 Samuel Lipset's theory of social class. In this session, we are going to discuss Lipset's theory of social class because American sociologists and political scientists as well, Lipset, whose influential political men and the social basis of politics. They are very important sources of not only the information but as well as they are considered as the classical readings for the student of political sociology. In particular, Lipset's theories, in which his book, The Social Basis of Politics is based, the way in which he collected the data, and the ways in which he translated people's opinions, he designed a procedure to evaluate political behavior so that it is easy to understand that wherever people who live in any place, their political behavior is determined on which basis. That is, which are the factors that play an important role in the development of these social classes. Because we all know that the likes and dislikes of people, the influence of their environment, along with that, there are many such factors, there are many such determinants that can influence the political behavior of people, which is why their behavior is able to influence them. So, what Lipset is saying, especially in his book, he designed a comparative analysis because of which it is easy to understand the political behavior of people, so that the social class, any social class, the behavior of any social class, the behavior of any social class, Lipset has written her opinion on how it is possible to understand Lipset. Lipset, especially about the elections, the first Marxist views, that how the Democrats, the democratic classes, look at the elections from a point of view, they vote people, now what is the foundation of the candidate, the answers to all these questions, which we find in Lipset's works. So, in the late 1960s, under the influence of Lipset and other political sociologists, a very important approach was developed in political sociology. And when this development of political sociology took place, especially in this context, a discussion was made about whether the discussion is a descriptive method, a descriptive method is enough to take into account that the behavior of people, what kind of problems they get, especially the behavior of people, whose relationship is with politics and politics. That is, if there is a middle class, if there is an upper class, or in a society where different people live, what can be the foundation or base of their religions? So, Lipset, through his views, said that the descriptive method, that is not enough, actually it may be the historical and the comparative method, which will help out to understand the various political systems, as well as the procedures of nation-building. How does any political system help people to form a community, and what are the procedures? What are the determinants? On what factors do people form a community? So, this whole discussion, which we did not get before Lipset in such a clear way, so Lipset's creators tried to answer many such questions, which were among the existing societies, and the political relationship between society and the state, and we also get answers to those questions in Lipset's works. So, by analyzing the role of political institutions in social development and revolution, this branch of political sociology has contributed to the comparative analysis of welfare system and to the studies of the relationship between democracy and industrialization. So, we can say that in the writings of Lipset, a specific subject, which was brought to the debate, was the debate of national identity, that is, what parameters of any form can be recognized. And through an evolution, people living in a society, who go through different experiences, such as the process of industrialization, i.e. when the society makes a way for progress, there is a revolution in some society, i.e. the actions of the society remain in every society, there can be evolutionary changes, there can be revolutionary changes, there can be an industrialization factor behind them, there can be a figure behind them, there can be a theory behind them, but by meeting all these factors, when a national identity creates a situation in a society, then this topic is very important, which is related to political science and sociology at the time. So Lipset, as a political sociologist, has responded to these issues in a very classical way on all these subjects and tried to answer these questions.