 All right. I guess we'll get started then. Hi, everyone. And thank you all for joining today's webinar called Paths to Gender Equality, the G20s role in the spotlight. My name is Emily Koch. I use she, her pronouns. I'm a scientist in the equitable transitions program at SEI, Stockholm Environment Institute. And I'm the moderator for today's webinar. We have a jam packed session arranged for you all today, and I myself am honored to have been asked to moderate on a topic that is really close to my heart, the topic of gender equality. And today we'll be discussing the importance of gender equality in sustainability transitions in particular. Gender plays such a big role in each of our identities. It shakes who we are, our world views and how others view us for better or for worse. And as such, ensuring gender equality is not just a goal, but also a condition for achieving the sustainable sustainable development goals. However, none of the G20 nations, whether in the global north or south, are on track to meet the SDG for gender equality by 2030. There are many reasons for this, as well as many strategies to overcome these challenges, as we hope to discuss today. So in this webinar, we have brought together experts in gender equality, including those who have submitted innovative gender related recommendations to think 20 or T20. The official engagement group of the G20 through presentations and a panel discussion. We hope to facilitate the sharing of best practices, experiences and recommendations for G20 nations. To support a gender equitable future and accelerate the SDGs. And we also want to hear from you all. So feel free to post your questions in the chat box or Q and A, and we'll pose it to our speakers during the Q and A session at the end of the webinar. So that's enough for me for now. I'd like to pass it on to our first set of speakers who will each give a few opening remarks before we begin our presentations. First, we have Robert Watt, the engagement director for the Stockholm Environment Institute, based in Sweden. He is based in Sweden. Rob was previously responsible for SEI's global communications as communications director and is now overseeing SEI's strategic policy engagement as engagement director. Before working at SEI, Rob was a UK diplomat based in Brussels and has also served as an advisor in the cabinet office of the UK Prime Minister's Department and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Services. Now the floor is yours, Rob, to give some opening remarks. Thank you. Thank you so much, Emily, and it's a great privilege to be able and be asked to give some some introductory remarks today. I wanted to open by just also echoing your very warm welcome to everybody who is speaking and participating in today's webinar. We're really grateful that you want to be part of this conversation. SEI has over the last four years or so been working hard on issues around gender equality. And in fact, we have established an initiative across the Institute called Gender Equality, Social Equity and Poverty. And this initiative seeks to understand interconnections between gender, equity, poverty and sustainability and to advance transformative and sustainable development. We also from this initiative are supporting the integration of gender equality, social equity and poverty dimensions in our research across the Institute. So we're really working as hard as we can to try and grapple with these interconnected challenges. And over the last year, we've decided that we wanted to focus a little bit about on the G20, on this grouping of countries that has come together and represents something of a motor within the global economic development. And so this webinar in particular is coming at an important moment, just a few days before the G20 summit takes place this weekend. So this conversation is timely and it is necessary, but I just want to say a few words because what you see before you is a white middle class man. What story can I tell about gender equality when after all I represent the cause not the symptom of gender inequality. So I'm actually going to start off by taking something of refuge in some statistics and I've got four of them for you to try and help set the scene for our conversation. The first of these is actually a positive one, despite what Emily was saying, there are a few silver linings. One of those is on girls education, where the gap is being closed. There is now a 1% or less difference globally speaking at all three levels of education when it comes to differences between girls and boys. So there is some progress that has been made. But look at what then happens. My second statistic is the share of income. It's 35% for women, not 50% as it should be. And then taking that down to a national level, I only pick out India as an example. This could have been done for many other countries, but with India as the president of the G20. It's interesting to know that the latest available data from the SDG India index shows that the goal of gender equality is the furthest from the 2030 target for India. So really for among all of these targets, it's gender inequality that is one of the greatest challenges that faces the great country of India. My fourth statistic is simply one taken related to the G20. Almost a decade ago, G20 leaders committed to reduce the gender gap in labour force participation, which is only part of, of course, the whole inequality challenge. They wanted to reduce that by 25% by 2025 compared to 2012. It's known as the 20 by 25 goal. Recently, it was quite clear that half of the G20 members were not on track to achieve this goal. And they've got two years left. And looking at some other statements at a global level made by countries, made by groups of countries, it's quite clear that on paper, there are plenty of platitudes, plenty of promises. The G7 said recently that gender equality is the fundamental human rights and a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. The OECD has said making progress for women and girls is crucial for achieving the 2030 agenda and its 17 SDGs. Great. We're beginning at least to see how gender inequality or gender equality can be a critical motor. But we need to move from paper promises to real action. And I would like to pick up the fact that the G20 under the Indian Presidency has put forward an action plan to accelerate progress on the SDGs. And within that, gender equality is highlighted as one of the critical areas for accelerating that progress. And does propose quite a lot of actions on gender equality empowerment of women as a way of implementing these sustainable, inclusive and just transitions. So that is something that we can hold the G20 to account on. I strongly recommend you go and look up the G20 2023 action plan to accelerate progress on the SDGs. And see how we can make sure that we turn that from paper promises into real action. And that real action does then need to address issues around structural change and legislation that levels the playing field and enables women to participate fully. It needs to address sexual and reproductive health rights. And it also needs to think about how we see how we can maximize the synergies. The synergies between achieving different SDG goals and targets and the need for those to be powered by gender equality. One of the things that I can do myself and one of the things that is critical about making sure that the structural change takes place is to make space for equality. And one of the things you can do, one of the things I can do is to move aside for men to move aside for those with power to move aside and create the space for that equality to happen in reality. And I shall do that now and finish off my opening remarks. Thank you very much Emily and I really look forward to the conversation. Thank you so much, Rob, for your words. Next up we have Mikaela from the who is the regional director officer in charge for the UN women regional office for Europe and Central Asia, and is a UN women representative to Albania. Mikaela is the UN women in 2012 as advisor to the director of the UN system coordination division in New York. And his capacity has driven women, UN women's efforts to mainstream gender in the work of the UN development system at global, regional and country levels, supporting the strategic engagement of the entity in the broader repositioning of the UN development system. So on to you Mikaela to give some opening remarks. Thank you. Good day to everyone. Emily, thank you very much for inviting us. Thank you so much for the Stockholm Environment Institute for this kind of invitations. I am very happy to quickly address the audience and the participants on behalf of of you and women. In fact, Robert what covered already a few of the things I wanted to cover so I will be able which gives me the opportunity to be very brief so we can leave the full time of this webinar for to hear from the from the experts. I want to say a word or two about the timeliness of of this webinar. Mr. What was mentioned G20 is coming up later this month. There is also the World Summit on SDGs in New York on the margins of the next session of the General Assembly that will be gathering and as you have heard the Secretary General as openly spoken about the imperative of rescuing the SDGs who are globally and by and large not on track and especially SDG 5 and I think this is particularly important at the time when we have been together with the our UN sister agencies. We have been working with the member states to try to influence their national commitments that they will bring at the SDG summit and make sure that those are very strong on accelerating the SDGs. Indeed, when it comes to SDG 5, not only this is central to the entire 2030 sustainable development agenda, but also we have evidence that this can be used in countries as an accelerator to re benefit across a multiple and a bigger number of sustainable development goals and targets. I think the focus of the latest focus of the G20 on environmental issues on environmental transition and the sustainability of this transition is very welcome and I do also appreciate that during this webinar you will try to address issues of how the G20 can also try and influence larger intergovernmental fora. But also I think there is a very important question about how we can use better what we know already. So the only issue of a knowledge generation on one hand, but most specifically knowledge sharing that are there are there are a wealth of solutions out there that have been identified and tested. And that is very much a question of how, including through these initiatives, we can help sort of widening and and widespreading the, the collective knowledge of the solutions we know, because we are as you as we all know we are facing times of multiple crises that are interconnected with interconnected with one another. We have ongoing conflicts across continents. We have crisis of a health nature of fuel of food of prices. And all of these crises that we have seen that have fundamentally started reversing the progress that the global community has achieved over the years, especially on gender equality and the empowerment of women. A recent sort of estimates that you and women has run calculated that if we keep going at this at the current pace of progress, it may take up to three centuries to meet the targets of SDG five and this is obviously something that we cannot afford. Obviously, all of these interconnected crisis require transitions that are gender responsive that are gender just and of those various transitions. The energy transition is a very important one that I hope also during the webinar today we will be able to address. And obviously, in order to make that transition just and to really be able to address the climate crisis, we need to find ways in which, as also Robert was mentioning, women are fully at the center of the decision making process of the participation of shipping the agenda and the priorities. Obviously, all of these global crisis require collective action, collective solutions and collective actions. I think it's not very much a question of setting the agenda. I think our agendas are set. We have a number of global challenges ahead of us which have been already agreed and set. I think the key imperative is to accelerate on implementation nowadays. And from our perspective, I would just like to leave you with a couple of messages in terms of how we can make sure that we can accelerate on the implementation. First of all, I think we need to make sure that we make sufficient investments and resources for public services and social protection, including for the most vulnerable. And when it comes to gender equality and empowerment women, we know very well what the vulnerabilities lies and where the investments need to be made available. We also need to make more investments to promote the care economy and the energy investments can be one way in which we can help women make a better time of their paid and unpaid work and sort of better productivity of their time. We need to, I think, explore more the nexus between gender and energy issues and how this can really contribute to find climate solutions. And lastly, I would like to recall the appeal of the Secretary General to all countries to make sure they deliver on the overdue commitments that collectively amount to around $100 billion to fundamentally develop mitigation and adaptation solutions to address the climate crisis. All of these can be sort of some ways in which we can collectively accelerate implementation. So I will leave it at that. I will stop here. I really look forward to hearing from the from the experts and thank you very much again for your kind invitation. Thank you very much and Kelly for your word. We have another speaker up next to close off the opening remarks. We have the Chief Coordinator of the W20 Secretariat, which is the official G20 engagement group focused on gender equity. Title III has more than 26 years of experience working to empower some of the most vulnerable sections of the society, including women, children and underprivileged people of India. Title III has worked on across various sectors in the areas of international development, poverty alleviation, social reform, women and child development, both from a policy and advocacy perspective, as well as developing and managing on the ground operational initiatives. She has worked with global institutions like UNICEF, ActionAID, CARE USA, UN Women and more, and most recently has had a deep engagement with many states in India, beginning with Odisha. Before is yours, please. Thank you very much. I'm sorry at some technical glitches and couldn't join in time. So thank you for having me as well as W20 here. As most of you are aware, W20 started in 2015 during the Turkish presidency. There was a need for W20 to come into being and the need was that there was no official engagement forum. That would discuss or bring forth the issues of women's economic empowerment and also for the Brisbane got to happen, it was felt that we need to have an official engagement group. So with that, W20 started working as a policy advocacy forum, engaging with the G20 leaders and every presidency we saw there was progress with our main objective was that all our deliberations, all our recommendations would reflect in the leaders declaration. Over the last few years, we saw that they were reflected. This year's presidency is very unique. This was, I think, for the first time in the history of G20, where the presidency openly said that the core of the work would be women led development, that women would be the chief architects of the development programs, not passive recipients. And our Honorable Prime Minister, Shrinarendra Modi has said that this G20 presidency has to be ambitious, decisive and action oriented and a prime mover in the global world. So with that, W20 also got inspired and said okay, because we've been having these deliberations always inside the rooms with few delegates and we wanted to take it to the people. So as our Prime Minister said that this has to be a people's G20 and the previous speaker also spoke about how do we put women and children, women and girls at the center of everything that we do. We did policy, we did programs, we did advocacy. So we made it a, believe no women behind MOTO and we went out and conducted more than 167 citizens initiatives with women in 15 states across India. And we interacted with women from various sectors and segments, be they like domestic workers in the informal sector to entrepreneurs and others professionals in the formal sector, trying to understand what are the challenges, what are the issues. We all are aware of the challenges and issues, but we wanted to communicate that you know that your voice will be heard at a global foreign policy forum, which never happens. We always think like G20 is only for the foreign ministry and the leaders of the nations and we common people are left behind. So we wanted to make it something that where people play an important role and participate in the entire process. And through our interactions and deliberations and engagements with our international delegates, as well as with 21 knowledge and network partners spread across the globe. We worked on developing our W20 Communique, which we released during our summit and submitted to the minister of women and child development in India, as well as to our honorable Sherpa. So in our W20 Communique, we've called upon the G20 leaders to place women and girls as the drivers of the 2023 presidency's theme of one earth, one family, and one future. That's been the theme of this year's G20 presidency, which is Vasudeva Kutumbaka. And what we did was we focused on five priority areas and those five priority areas are women and girls as eco change makers and climate action, grassroots women leadership, skill and education and bridging the gender digital divide. So what we did before we urged in our Communique the G20 leaders to advance their previous commitments in the 2020 to Bali leaders declaration, the G20 roadmap towards and beyond the Brisbane target also referred to as the roadmap. We also urged the G20 leaders to develop and improve national gender strategies that are funded and tracked using gender sensitive and sex disaggregated data. What we found across all the G20 countries missing was sex disaggregated data and each G20 government to establish a national annual review mechanisms year after year. We come up with our policy recommendations, declarations, but we don't have an annual review mechanism and that's something we felt that we need to track the problem, the progress and review what's happening and to bring in all the key stakeholders and respective members of national W20 delegations to evaluate the progress gaps and challenges. We also urge the G20 leaders to create an annual G20 reporting and review mechanism to track the implementation and impact. And we put climate change at the center of our work and was the first key priority area that we focused on in our Communique where we have urged upon to guarantee equal representation and meaningful participation of women in climate decision making mechanisms. To commit that the UN laws and damage fund and adoption finance have a stronger gender focus to provide fiscal space for gender just climate action and infrastructure to leverage the green climate fund. And to protect and support women and children affected by climate change and climate change induced migration and to mandate gender strategies for energy infrastructure and to enable a just energy transition. But like I said we wanted our presidency to be action oriented. We developed a global first respondent framework where we put women and girls at the center of any disaster response. So that was something that W20 this year developed and we hope that many countries would use it. In entrepreneurship we have urged upon the governments to facilitate and promote incentivize across markets both domestic and national and to increase access to finance collateral and capital. Promote women entrepreneurial policy frameworks and ecosystems gender provider gender responsive public procurement program. We found that very few G20 countries have done this and for women's economic empowerment. This is very critical and to encourage more MSMEs and women led entrepreneurs enterprises to emerge and grow. This was very, very important. And I look at a minimum of 5% of the new global minimum corporate tax and women and to create and leverage blended finance mechanisms for women such as the global blended finance alliance. So those are our suggestions or our recommendations to the G20 leaders on entrepreneurship and in the gender digital divide. We've said that we need to have the digital gender gap and also come up with a national like every G20 member state must publish an annual national G20 digital gender equality report. And we've also said that we have to ensure that we have policies and procedures in place that do not encourage or perpetuate and amplify the gender biases in data and algorithms because that's what our task force has found out that the algorithms and data in AI in every tools and software is very gender biased. And to provide minimum 15% tax break or other equivalent incentives for women like technology and tech enabled startups. So we were asked to think outside the box. So W23rd outside the box this time and kind of put forth and we didn't want to come up with a whole laundry list of policy recommendations. So we chose five top most recommendations in each of our five priority areas which we put forth to our G20 leaders. Similarly for our grassroots leadership. They said that you know we have to have guaranteed that all recommendations benefits for women extent and that tailored to the remote rural and indigenous areas as well. And that G20 annual reporting and review mechanism for women's leadership should include women at grassroots level as especially from again from remote and rural areas from each country. Because when we talk about women's leadership it's always at the parliamentary or at the top level corporate level and we almost all the time we kind of make rural grassroots leadership women and grassroots leadership invisible. So that's what we have focused on. And then education skill development and labor market participation. We've said let's provide equitable access to primary secondary and vocational and tertiary education and mandate anti biases and unconscious bias training in education and journalism and in all spears and provide free sanitary hygiene products and safe and sustainable sanitation practices. Guarantee that all research regarding health medical devices and pharmaceuticals is conducted and analyzed equally and adopt and enforce anti violence legislation and workplace safety. We've had also a lot of recommendations on gender pay gap to legislate gender pay gap reporting for the public sector private sector. And also for the care economy to have a basic care basket supported by action to standardize and professionalize and formalize the care economy. I think it's something that most of the government, especially in the developing countries in the global south have realized that we need to somehow formalize this. These were all the recommendations we've sent. We've had advocacy program, not only in India, but all our W20 delegates in different countries went and met their share pass, submitted the Communique and said that you know that this points this recommendations should come forth in the leaders declaration and now fingers crossed we are waiting for the leaders declaration to see how much of our recommendations have come and we are hopeful that if not the same language but definitely the essence of our Demands or our recommendations would definitely reflect on the leaders declaration. Thank you very much. Thank you so much. And cut it three for your opening remarks. It really sets the stage for our next set of items on the agenda, which we'll be moving to next, which is the presentation portion of the webinar where presenters will each have around five minutes to provide a brief summary of the findings and recommendations in their submissions to the T20. We start with Madhav. Now, but who is who has appointed as India's first professor of geopolitics, as well as UNESCO peace chair by Manipal University in 1999 India, and continues to hold both positions to this day. In 2023, the year of India's presidency of the G 20. Professor now that was appointed the India co-chair of the G 20. Today, Madhav will be presenting on ensuring greater equity in global institutional participation. Thank you, Professor. Thank you so much, Emily. And, you know, what we have recommended is there on record, but I just want to give you some kind of an idea behind the thinking behind some of our work and the way we approach the subject. The first point was that the G 20. I mean, almost everybody says it's fundamentally do with the economy. It was started at a time of economic crisis and basically to do with the economy. So the question we need to ask ourselves is, are we talking about society for the economy? Are we talking about economy for society? So what comes first? Does the economy have precedence over society? Or does society have precedence so that when they're talking of economy, society has to come first. And I think at least to us, the answer was obvious. And it's not the economy. I'm sorry about Bill Clinton, you know, having to change his phrase. It's society. It's not the economy. So from that viewpoint, this particular year, as is correctly said by the previous speaker, this has been taken across the whole country. The reason is to show the whole country that we are not an island, a very large island, I must say. And some of the problems that Robert was talking about stems from the fact that we are 1.4 billion people and there's no country with more than 1.4 billion people on the planet as of now. How is it likely to be for some time? But the point is, what we're looking at is what I call the G200. That is the 200 least developed countries in the world. And if you're looking at the G20, then the G20 cannot only look at itself. It's got to look at the G200 as well. For the simple reason that as is correctly been said by one of the speakers from the UN system, you have, for example, a certain war that's been taking place in the corner of the world. The impact of that war is felt all across the world, practically everywhere. You have, for example, some experiments in a laboratory in a certain part of the world. And lo and behold, the impact of that is felt everywhere. So the point is, the G200 is very relevant for the G20. And if you ignore the concerns of the G200, well, you're going to have a tough time in the G20, as indeed a lot of G20 countries are. So that was the approach, frankly, that we took. Which is why this year, for example, at the Leaders Summit, we are hoping that the African Union, like the European Union, we are delighted that the European Union is a full member of the G20. And we believe that the African Union should be a full member of the G20. It can be the G21. But the point is that G200. The second is what I may call the G50. 50% of humanity. 50% of what should be society. But as has correctly been said, I think by Robert Watt, it's only 35% of income. It's not 50%. It's not even 50% of population for a long time. In some states, in Haryana, for example, where I have my voting card. The gender ratio was very, very skewed against women. And now, of course, fortunately over the last, I would say, 11 or 12 years, it's been coming up. So that now there is a certain expectation that equality will be reached. But I completely agree that we have a very, very long way to go. And may I point out again, Emily, that some of us have been involved in field work. We like field work a lot, frankly. And we think it's refreshing. And if you look at in India, if you look at the correlation between women's education, for example. If you look at that and you look at nutrition for children. If you look at the education levels for children. If you look at the quality of life. Now, my home state of Canada, incidentally, my particular community is matriarchal. So the name that you're using for me has come from my mother. And it's a, I mean, we are, we follow the matriarchal system. Not too many communities do. I think I wish more communities would. But the fact is, there's a clear correlation between women's welfare and the welfare of children. The welfare of the family as a whole. And when we talk of women's welfare, we're not simply talking of nutrition. We're talking of education. We're talking of education for the simple reason that part of the reason why women are not empowered to the extent they are, is that the self-belief is sometimes removed, is absent. When you have that self-belief, when you have the belief that look, there's absolutely nothing which makes you in any way less than any other gender. Any other gender, if I may add, then that self-belief will drive you to do more and in a sense to promote equality. So I think that creation of a self-belief is very important and it can come from others. You can expect it to come as a gift or you can, you know, fight and do it yourself. And I think both ways are important. Of course, and from that point of view, I'm doubly delighted that this is being hosted by Scandinavian Institute. So I think Scandinavia has done tremendous amount of work in gender equality. And I think Scandinavian countries are a model for the rest of the world in terms of that. What I want to say, Emily, is that if you troll for solutions, you may find a solution in an Indian village. You may find a solution in an African village, which is why we are pushing for the African Union to be a full member of the G20. You may find a solution anywhere. So the point is not to just look at the usual suspects or solutions. Not to think that solutions come only from a particular corner of the world or a particular corner of the society of the world, but it can come from anywhere. You have to just look properly at it and you find that solution. And I think that's very, very important. I don't want to take more than my five minutes, although I'd like to say, Emily, I'm from Kerala. I am a Malayali. It's sheer torture for a Malayali not to have 30 minutes for its opening remarks. But I'm going to accept that torture for the sake of your discipline. I just want to end by saying that it's important that we have climate goals. We have climate markers. Why don't we talk about gender goals and gender markers a lot more? And I think the fact is that we are talking so much about the climate. It's all over the place. And frankly, we can't avoid it. But the other issue of gender injustice is also there. It's also staring us full in the face. And we can't run away from that. So just as we have climate goals, just as we have points about adaptation. And I think adaptation means not just mitigation. It means empowerment. We can't talk about mitigation. We have to talk about full empowerment. I think where levels of education are concerned, where levels of income are concerned, where levels of nutrition are concerned, where levels of respect and self-respect are concerned, clear markers have to be established in the G20 system for gender justice. I think that is a very, very important point. And I just want to say that the G20, as we see it, Vasudeva Kutumbakam is the motto that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given the G20. By the way, Vasudeva Kutumbakam applies to those who are generous-minded. Those who are not generous-minded, well, it's not going to be, you know, it's not one world, one family for them. But let's try and make all of us go into ourselves and get that generous-mindedness into ourselves. So we see G20 as a force not just for 20 countries, over 200 countries, over 220, but a force of good for humanity, not just in economic terms, but in terms of the quality of life. My state, Kerala, is not a rich state, but, you know, quality of life and our life expectancy is higher than in many parts of Europe. So ultimately, I'd like to say you may call this, you know, unreal, you may call it unrealistic. Yes, the road is hard. 1.4 billion people is not a small number of people. And yes, we have issues, we have problems in our country, but we also have solutions. And the smartphone is a solution. Now we see a lot of news in India about all kinds of horrible things that are happening. Yes, they have been happening. But today, thanks to the smartphone, thanks to the internet, it's getting known. People are responding, they're reacting, they're fighting back, and that's a plus. So I'd only like to say, you know, a very, if I may say so, disused word, not even misused. Idealism, I think that can provide the ignition and the spark. And that's, this is, if I mean, in very brief, I can tell you the kind of mindset that we have tried to bring to the G20 system. So if we bring G20 as a force for humanity, we bring G20 as a force for G220, if not more. And that's our purpose. Thank you, Emily, for giving me this opportunity. Thank you, Professor Nalpa, for your words. Next up, we also will have a presentation by Cynthia McDougal, who is a senior research fellow at SEI, who is based in Thailand. Cynthia is an interdisciplinary social scientist with over 20 years of experience in gender, social equity and inclusion in natural resource governance and food systems research. She leads the gender environment and development team in SEI and co-leads SEI's global program on gender equality, social equity and poverty. Today she'll be presenting on beyond gender inequality, how can the, how the G20 can support a gender equitable future and accelerate the SEIG SDGs. Over to you, Cynthia. Thank you so much, Emily, and I just have to say what an honor it is to join today and to follow on the heels of such knowledgeable and dynamic and passionate speakers. I would love to take the next five minutes to share on behalf of the team of SEI authors from the GSET program, some of the highlights of the T20 policy brief that we put together. And I won't try to summarize the details or any particular technical recommendations, but rather I wanted to take the time to tell the thread or the line of thinking in the hopes that this will help us collectively sense make. And since make a little bit, where are we now? How did we get here? And how do we move forward? And so first thanks again to the co-author team, Laura Dalduca, Emily Goat, Anisha Nazareth, Zoha Shaou and Nelson Ekane, the wonderful team from the GSET program. So let me jump right in to the question of so where are we now? As Rob Watt introduced to us earlier, there's an upside if we look at the progress in terms of the recognition of equality. Equality is not only recognized as a human right, which it is and which is fundamentally important, but it's also seen as a necessary foundation for the entire agenda 2030 for all the other SDGs. There's a strong recognition of how central it is. So that is an upside. And yet where are we now? As the previous speakers have said, we're actually further away in the face of the pandemic conflict climate change and backlash that has accompanied previous progress. What we're seeing is we're further away, depending whose counting we might be 132 years away, we might be three centuries away. The World Economic Forum pointed out what least an extra generation has to wait. But a critical thing and sort of a spoiler for where we're going in the next few minutes is that that's not about the small actions we took, it's about the roots that we were addressing or failing to address. So in terms of where are we now just really quickly? Previous speakers have already shared a little bit. Manifestations of gender inequality that we see across the G20 nations include inequitable distribution of unpaid domestic and care work, exclusion from equitable incomes and gendered gaps in financial access, information and communication access, as well as incredibly high rates of gender-based violence, still more than one in four women in G20 countries have experienced intimate partner violence, just as one, excuse me, that is one form of gender-based violence alone. So if that's where we are now, then I wanted to just dig in for a second. Okay, how did we get here? I won't go into the details of the policy background, but just wanted to ask the question, so is this the situation, are these the manifestations we see in the G20 countries because of a lack of formal commitments? And the answer is arguably no. As you can see from this list, and I don't expect you to read it, it's in the policy brief, it's online, you can go all sorts of places. There's been a long list of formal policy commitments over the past decade. Is one of the reasons we're where we are now because of weaker implementation, weaker than it should be? And the answer is arguably yes. And I'm interested to see if participants who are on the webinar today want to jump into this at all. But just as one example, gender budgeting practices, this chart, again, don't try to read it. You'll strain your eyes. This is just to visualize the red cells indicate where countries have made commitments but have not followed through on gender budgeting practices in the G20. And also that commitments are slower to progress on the gender commitments than other commitments in G20, across G20 policy. But the key thread that I wanted to touch on is the issue of the depth of focus. When you see here, and again I'll try to read this one, but just to illustrate the manifestations I talked about, that's sort of the surface. That is the tip of the iceberg, those gaps, the lack of access. Those are the things that we see and that have been the priority to address. For example, the first half of those policy commitments were around the 20 by 25, getting women into the workforce, closing the pay gaps. But I would argue, and in the paper we look at the fact that the systems that drive that, the data systems that the previous speaker mentioned, the social protection systems not being gender responsive, not being inclusive. That whole blue layer is much less engaged with and underlying that the deeper barriers of norms of gender-related attitudes of rights or the operationalization of rights and connecting all those dots as well. The system of social values that creates a social hierarchy between people of all different genders, these are fundamentally the pieces that have been missed. And so I'll just take about two minutes now to touch on the five pathways that we recommend in this brief and just to illustrate that the first pathway may be in that yellow space. This is sort of the 20 by 25 goal, the labor gaps and so forth, but even as we look at how to address that, we can dig deeper into systems and into underlying drivers. And so for example, not just reducing pay gaps but investing in the care economy to reduce inequitable distribution of unpaid work, addressing gender-based violence as part of that pathway, protecting rights, especially of migrant workers of all genders in transit and in their destinations. The second two pathways I wanted to highlight is at that middle level of systems, equitable decision-making systems. We see a lot about representation. That's fine. The first point here, numbers are important. But underneath that, we can also improve the quality, not just of the capacity development to help get collective action and agency in those spaces, but addressing the hidden biases in the decision-making processes themselves and held by the conveners of the decision-making processes. Integrated data systems. Similarly, we can break the cycle of gender-blind data, gender data gaps that create inequitable policies and perpetuate these. And last but not least, I just wanted to finish with the last two pathways that really touch on that underlying space. Pathway four that we talked about is that secure and operationalized rights are critically important. Land rights, of course, eradication of gender-based violence, but the critical word here in blue is operationalizing these. G20 countries are very familiar with CEDAW on paper, but it's the putting these into action. And similarly, with our outward-looking policy, feminist foreign policy, we have this momentum. We have the potential to see foreign policy differently than we have in many ways, including putting equality and rights at the center. And also, touching on what Professor Madhav Nampat talked about, unpacking economic growth from social progress, those are all strong potentials in this space. And my last point of all is that fifth pathway, again, thinking about going deeper and deeper into changing the situation of equality in and through the G20. One is investing in gender transformative approaches that directly target constraining gender norms, attitudes, stereotypes and so forth. And the last piece that I've put on the slide here is part of that idea of deepening, that storyline of going deeper and deeper to address the complexity, the persistence, the entanglement of all these drivers. But the last point here, modeling gender equality and commitment to gender equality, having men and boys be the models for this and the co-owners of this is not just a deepening, it's also an expanding. It's inviting in people of all genders to take responsibility for achieving gender equality as a critical and central goal in the agenda 2030. Let me pause there and I'll hand back to you, Emily. Thank you very much, Cynthia, for your presentation. No, we've been going rather quickly through many speed talks over the last hour or so. But next up we have a panel discussion followed by a Q&A. We will have a panel discussion where panelists will have two to three minutes to respond to the questions that we have prepared for today. And just another reminder that if you have any questions from the audience, for our speakers and panelists, please provide them in the chat or the Q&A box. And so let me go through those that will be joining us on the panel today. We have Marlen Buki, a senior researcher in social sciences, governance and inclusion at the International Water Management Institute in Nepal. Marlen brings over 25 years of diverse experience and expertise in gender and social inclusion-focused assignments, both in academia and consulting, and on and off in Nepal over the past 20 years. Marlen's expertise includes mainstreaming gender within organizations, conducting evaluations and research studies with an emphasis on women's economic empowerment, and has extensive experience of participatory natural resource management and governance. We also have Arian Dahan, senior program specialist, the International Development Research Centre in Canada. Arian has 20 years of experience in research and practice and international development and public policy, combining program management and research and development practice with an academic career with authored and edited books and peer-reviewed articles, quoted for work on migration and on social exclusion. His current focus is promoting research and evidence for responses to the ongoing pandemic on women's economic empowerment and climate action, including decarbonization in low-income countries. We also have Pavya Joyti Patra, a PhD candidate at the Terry School of Advanced Studies in India, who is also part of the IND-Green project in collaboration with Cesaro and funded by the Research Council of Norway. Pavya's research focuses on the just transition in India in understanding synergies and trade-offs as solar energy transition with other SDGs, mainly inequality-related trade-offs. She has done her master's in climate science and policy from the Terry School of Advanced Studies. And lastly, we have May Thasin Young, climate finance researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development in the UK. May is a climate finance researcher who focuses on just transitions as well as designing and delivering climate finance to least developed countries at different levels of governance. Thank you all for joining us today for our panel discussion. I'm going to jump right into the first question that we have on our agenda, which is, in your experience, how can the G20 nations collaborate more effectively to integrate gender and social equity considerations into their policies and agendas? Are there any specific areas or sectors where you believe immediate action is needed? Would any of you like to jump in first? Let's talk a bit about how we can integrate gender and social equity into the G20's policies and agendas. Great. I'll take a start at this question. So I think that the G20 countries, the main benefit that they can offer is finance support, particularly the richer G20 countries. And there are already some examples of G20 countries collaborating together to finance just transitions, efforts towards gender equality. I think that G20 countries need to stop taking more of a very silo approach in financing. So I don't think that the finance should be sectoral in nature or targeting specific things, but I think it should target gender transformative change. I see that there's a question in the chat about what transformative change means. And for me, transformative change or movement toward gender justice is addressing some of the systems of inequality that have created negative gender norms that have created double burden from women. These things need to be changed. And so G20 countries through the use of finance need to move towards transformative change. And rather than sectoral funding, I think there should be funding that promotes social dialogue where different members of society, people of different genders can come together and share their differentiated perspectives on what societal change means. I think that there should be recognition of the care burden that falls on women. And I think that's been discussed a lot previously by different speakers. I also think that their G20 countries finance should support different institutions that uplift marginalized voices. So there should be more concerted finances directed at civil society organizations, trade unions and grassroots groups that represent the marginalized voices within society. I also think that the financing ways should change that G20, richer G20 countries need to take more risky, take a more risk centric approach to financing, but they should be able to finance the grassroots organizations without requiring extensive amounts of due diligence procedures to give them the money. Finance should also be more flexible and fitting the needs of the grassroots communities. It should be up to local leaders to decide how financing should be and how it is that fits the needs of their communities. So I'll leave it at that. I think Marlene was going to come in with a response also. Thank you for jumping in. I think what I would like to question on what you just said is, I mean, what I find troublesome a little bit in your responses that this idea that you have these rich countries that should fund and finance change elsewhere, but without actually addressing the structural inequality in trade and in the world we're in. So if you have these inequalities in the beginning between countries, just keeping on exploiting poor countries to the benefit of richer countries and then find funding, financing, somehow programs that will promote equality for gender or for people is a little bit the plaster on the problem rather than actually addressing the problem. So I would say that would be my first response. And then my second idea is that from the work we've seen in particularly in the work we've done in Nepal is that it is problematic that a lot of the gender policies and the gender. Investment you know gender equality investment that has been funded by development partners has actually moved if you want improved the situation somehow but there has been no appropriation of the concepts and the issues within the countries and that's probably why we end up with lots of policies and lots of great, you know, brochures about gender statistics and gender policies and gender strategies and how this country and that country will address inequality but there is no implementation, as Cynthia mentioned earlier. So the this idea that richer country can just come in and fund and support the development of gender equality is, you know, in theory a good idea but in practice, I don't think it actually addresses the fundamental inequality in the fundamental structural issues that we're facing over. Thank you for your response to me and your discussion on, you know, some of the kind of touch base touch into the next question, which is about trade off. So, you know, there are these potential trade offs that might arise when prioritizing gender equality within the G 20s sustainability agenda. And so how can research and academia contribute to resolving these potential trade offs or tensions that that exist and inform evidence based policy changes would be great to hear the thoughts on on these these tensions and trade offs and to try and avoid having band aid solutions but something that is transformative and has impact. Would anyone like to speak on that? I can. Yeah, you want to go next or shall I go next. Yeah, thanks. Thanks very much. Yeah, it's great, great panel. I first want to say I do. I'm going to say the same as me. I think finance is is a particular important issue and that's where and in my view and motivation to engage with with the G 20 with the G 20 is that the G 20 has shown to be an incredibly powerful platform to deal with issues of finance. I witnessed it see coming in its own in 2008 during the global financial financial crisis. So I think the G 20 as they represent the large economy, not important to say not stuck in in the, the kind of structures of the World Bank IMF and so on. I have a role to play, but the G 20 has been a very important venue in the past and quickly also want to say to congratulate India on its leadership this year that particularly to ensure that that Africa as a continent is integrated into this debate. Our engagement focused on an inclusive energy energy transitions and that's where I want Emily quickly want to say something about the trade offs and how research can help to overcome that we we saw as many with with a large group of authors the paper is on the T 20 website, looked at inclusive at energy transitions and the role that the G 20 can and has to play in that again come back to the to the finance finance issue as as a question how gender can be integrated into into the key development development issue that very much speaks to both the global and the in country inequalities and and there the theory tells you that that energy transitions can be can be good for development can be good for gender equality and and can be clean of course what some of my co-authors have termed the golden thread of the parliament equity and and and climate what the research then shows is kind of the flip side of the beautiful brochures that tell you what it is that in practice. We don't we don't see those inclusive energy transitions happening I think it's very important to highlight that that that that 1.5 billion people in the world still don't have have access to reliable energy and the enormous gender implications that that that that has as women will bear the greatest burden of not having access to the energy and that and then we haven't seen progress in the last 5 to 5 to 10 years so so against and they can come back to the G 20 this is a type of crisis that an institution group of countries like the G 20 needs to needs to come in so what the research shows and then I quickly want to end with with what we believe the T 20 why the T 20 is so is so important is that that research identifies the potentials for the win win wins that golden thread and at the same time why it's not not happening finance is important implementation issues issues are key and and and gender is absolutely part of that and what we recommended in that paper is that that given that this is such an important aspect of of of of where where trade offs can be can be overcome but but that the learning for apart from finance and learning form is absolutely critical to show how the implementation of of new new energy provision actually can have that win win in each specific context and we said that's absolutely why an organization like the T 20 can support countries alongside the finance in that in that learning and I quickly want to say that why why gender in my view is so important and I think it's a point everything that's previous speakers said is is relevant is relevant here that the traditional gender barriers come into play in each of those in each of those those those transitions and I think in this case it's particularly important to look at where we see a transition to new economic forms of production that has the potential to address gender barriers but unless and I think that's quite clear on unless specific policies are in place those traditional gender barriers actually actually be enforced and that's where that we call it research but for me it's very much kind of learning across countries that are implementing that can can be absolutely critical. Thanks Emily back to you. Thank you for your thoughts. And I tell us a bit before to have you. Perfect. Go ahead and give your thoughts on potential trade offs. Yes, thank you so I'll try to quickly answer both of your questions or the first question that was about that what G 20 can do to effectively collaborate on gender equality is that I think the answer lies in what all of the speakers have talked about and also how you started and introduced the webinar Emily that gender equality is not only a goal in itself but it's also a condition to fulfill all of the other is busy so I think the key for the G 20 is to really recognize and really acknowledge that gender equality is not an agenda separate agenda but it is a part of all of the genders of the G 20 and to really, you know, recognize that gender inequality is a systemic issue on it is a structural issue on it requires changing at a very structural and structural level. And so I think the key is to really integrate the different working groups that are there. So there is one working group on finance is a separate working group on energy transition there's a separate working group on sustainability. So the key is to really take a holistic approach and to really integrate these agendas together and mainstreaming gender into all of these agendas and yours. The second part of the question, which was if there are any sectors or areas where urgent action is required. So for that in my opinion, I think, since there is intersectionality that exists so all of the sectors are important and the speakers in the introductory remark also talked about the priority areas such as skill and education, digital divide and climate action. So in my opinion, one of the most significant areas and that is where my research also focuses on is energy transition, because energy transitions there's this transition that we have to undergo from fossil fuel to renewable energy and it is relevant for all of the countries as well as G20 as a whole. So it's really important to integrate or incorporate the gender justice principles into the transition. Otherwise, we'll just not simply shift the energy source from fossil fuel to renewable energy, but we reinforce or in fact we can also worsen the existing structural inequality. So just to give an example. So if gender justice principles are not incorporated into the policies and specific measures are not taken. Then, so there are research that shows that if there is increase in energy access because of now this energy transition, and it can actually benefit and empower women to expand their livelihood. But if these gender justice principles are not incorporated into these transition policies, then a just transition cannot be ensured because of the social norms and the gender inequalities that exist. So we'll just simply shift the inequality. So in the just transition also one of the major factors is safeguarding the jobs of the workers, but that is mostly formal workers which does not really talk about women which are mostly informal workers. So if I quickly also share the second question which is about what are the some of the tradeoffs that could come up with other sbgs in my opinion the synergies with the other sbgs are more than the tradeoffs but one of the possible tradeoff that could be there is that to promote gender equality and to really make this structural change, there could be additional mechanisms that are required such as finance technology and additional accountability mechanisms that are required. There could be some of the tradeoffs in these areas that we are making such a structural change and if we really make such a holistic approach, then there we progress on the sbgs could be slowed down further. But just because the tradeoffs exist doesn't mean there should be a delay in action that is actually the reason that we should take action right now to maximize synergies and minimize these tradeoffs. And that is where the role of academia and research comes in to really highlight what are those synergies and what are those tradeoffs and to really provide solutions and policy recommendations to minimize those tradeoffs. So that's all, thank you. Next I'll go to Matt then if you want to speak on speak today. Oh we cannot hear you. Thank you. Yeah, sorry. I just wanted to not really answer the question but just make a comment about the question itself. I mean, why are we talking about tradeoffs? I think they cannot be sustainability without equality. And equity should be, you know, I mean, there shouldn't be a tradeoff, right? I mean, either we believe in equality and we put in place measures to reduce the inequity, or we don't. But it's not like, oh well it costs more, it costs less and it's better to do this or better to do that. Either we want to do it and we do what we need to do in order to do it, or we don't. That's a great point. I just wanted to observe the interesting side chats that's going on on the role of finance in gender transformation and the discussion that's going on on what gender transformation actually means. And I think this harkens to the point that Marlene mentioned earlier about it's naive to think that the role of finance can actually transform gender inequality structural issues that are being experienced. But I think the role for the role of G20, there is a big opportunity for the G20 countries to provide financing in a more coordinated way and maybe have more of a coordinated effort to deliver transformative programs. But this doesn't mean that finance alone will solve all of the structural inequalities. And an earlier speaker mentioned that G20 is all about economic, has a very economic focus. And some of the problems with structural inequality is caused by capitalism and the reliance on extractive practices that creates winners and losers within society. And if we cannot address those models, the business of usual models of the way we operate, we cannot fundamentally address gender inequality. And I don't think that G20 alone and the finance that G20 can offer can address some of these issues. They themselves need to start adopting alternative models of economy, move towards a more just society and I really don't have the answers on how they can begin changing these practices. Again, and even more strongly, I want to underline the finance point and the need for alternatives, where again I do think the G20, in my impression, is the G20 is actually the best forum to start addressing that very much because it's as a complement to the traditional global financial structures. I do want to align how severe the situation is that we are in a context of starting during the pandemic, a global debt crisis where some 60% of African countries are in severe, at least 60%, probably more by now, a severe debt crisis. And there is no debt relief compared to what we saw in the 1990s inside. And even that debt relief, we know how long it took and how deep and bad the impact was on low income countries. As a result of that debt crisis, I think it's very important to stress that lower income countries have less and less access to the finance that they need more as a result of the climate crisis that the interest rates have gone up globally. And again, there's a double whammy for lowest income countries. And again, in the end of the paper, we describe that in some detail. That's what you see is behind the reasoning why there has been absolutely no progress in access due to energy. Again, energy in the sense of potentially promoting those wind winds. The move to private sector finance is both inevitable and at this point usually problematic. I will remain neutral on the public private finance debate, if you like, but it is very clear that in the context we now see that the countries that need it most have least access to those new forms of finance. So I think May and I completely agree. I just wanted to underline how deep that issue is at this point. It seems like we have a lot of potential solutions arising, you know, having a more integrated agenda, more finance, better implementation, better accountability mechanisms, but also making sure that we, that we keep the eye on the prize, which is having a gender transformation and addressing some of these underlying systemic issues. I mean, propose many things throughout the session today. And I was just wondering about your thoughts on, you know, with the upcoming SDG summit on the horizon. How can the insights and recommendations discussed in the webinar today be effectively communicated and integrated into the discussions and actions of the summit to ensure that gender equality remains a central pillar of sustainable development efforts. So do you have any thoughts on potential key communication points? Javier, do you have anything to anything on this point? It's a tricky question because it was very important to really disseminate the information that we have here. So I think one of the possible. Mechanism to really disseminate this information could be like in the T20 and all the engagement groups that are doing a communicate that they are publishing or some political beliefs to really So for the SDG summit that is coming up on 19 September, I think it's really important to again reiterate the, that how important it is to really mainstream gender equality into and how it is a really important condition to to really is an important condition and has a lot of synergies with all of the SDG goals because if we talk about poverty, there is a gender implications there are gender implications and food security in health and employment. So all of the SDGs really have a underlying gender dimension to really, so we really need to highlight and gain reiterate this point. I think that's all. Thank you for the audience. It's a small point and I'm not, you know, I've watched from a distance women deliver and the strength of the global advocacy to make sure that gender equality is is is central to our I think the small point that I that I would make that it's really important that as something that's like, you know, the debate on gender equality are held by women and then it comes to energy transitions, not in this energy transitions and global finance and it's mostly mostly mostly men that those two are absolutely integrated that we make sure that that gender is absolutely central to the things that don't on the surface for most people don't don't seem to be seem to be seem to be about and and there has been I don't want to be too pessimistic about that and I'm very pessimistic about availability of global finance, but but I also want to highlight that if you that there has been enormous change in in in the attention to consideration of gender in in global global institutions, including at at at at many central banks and at the IMF so so there's progress there but but at the one point I made that I could it's absolutely critical that that those points are made, you know, at these at these points that as I said to many people don't seem to be critically about gender but that of course they are my name or maybe have any thoughts on on how to communicate some of these ideas. So I think that we need to provide evidence, of course. That's the rule of academia and other institutions, but we also need to have a more deep decolonized approach to knowledge and recognize the stories of people on the ground, the people experiencing their day to day how it's affected by gender equality and these need to be recognized as evidence that is brought to that is brought to the SDG forum. And that should also be highlighted storytelling should be highlighted as a way of demonstrating evidence as much as evidence from academic institutions and think tanks like the ones that we work for. I tend to be a bit more cynical about communication in the sense that I completely agree we need the evidence but my sense is that we have the evidence you know we have. We have been working I don't know 20 years 30 years collecting data on on on gender inequality natural resources sectors. We know we know the structural barriers we know about the social norms. I think we have a good knowledge of what the situations is and are in different countries, etc. And perhaps what we don't know is how to communicate because as academic anyway, we're not trained to communicate we train together evidence. I don't know. I mean, my sense is that the issue is there is a big resistance to gender equality, even though yesterday has been progress on paper and there's been progress, etc. But I think the bottom line is that there are lots and lots and lots and lots of people in the world who are against gender equality and they are not just men there are also lots of women who are not willing or interested or socializing certain ways that they don't believe in the equality between. You know, as humans that we are not equal, you know, that men know better men are better technicians men are better at this better at that and therefore we should leave it to them to make those decisions. So I think, I think besides the evidence that we need to generate about the, the, you know, the counter productiveness of inequality from an economic and sustainability perspective. There is a lot of work that needs to be done about, about, I wouldn't call it changing gender norms because that's a tricky area, but really very much, you know, like go back to the basics of power fray rate for helping people, facilitating people's understanding of where, where are their own unconscious bias. Right. So, and try to liberate us, each other from, from those ideas that we are not equal somehow, you know, white people are not equal to brown people and men are not equal to women, etc, etc. I mean, all these things that we keep talking about in some ways, but we're not actually addressing really because at the end it's all about, you know, power and who has the power. And if, if I want, as I think the first speaker said, you know, if he wants to let women come in, you know, not all men are willing to do that because they will lose their dominant position. So I think at the end it's a lot is about these power relationship between the genders. And I think we also forget that the gender when we talk about the concept of gender, it's not about women, it's about the equality between men and women, it's about the relationship, the power relationship between men and women. And I think until and unless we really address that power imbalance, and, and actually, you know, each of us considers that imbalance in us in our own identity, we can generate the evidence that demonstrates, etc, etc. But, you know, and as I was saying, all the finance, the bankers, the decision makers, they're all men, and they are all very, very often not very gender sensitive or not very, you know, women friendly anyway. So I think for me, that's more rather than how do we communicate and how we convince it's more work at the much more. I want to say grassroot, but when I say grassroot, I don't mean working at the community level. I mean, working at our level of human humans and our own identity of gender and how we conceive equality in society for us as individuals. Thank you, my friend, for those powerful thoughts. I'd like to open up the floor to any of our other speakers. If they'd like to give their thoughts on, on any of the questions posed so far, or if there's anything that stands out to them as we close this session. Emily, if I can just jump in for a minute, half a minute. The point is that unfortunately a lot of what we call this finance, it basically comes with the rider that you have to use this particular technique. I mean, you know, this particular technology, etc, etc, etc. And unfortunately, very often a lot of the expertise and a lot of the technology comes only from very specific countries. And eventually, the plus effect in the country to which the assistance has been given is much lower. My own view is that we need to spend more money on discovery. There are so many techniques that are available. For example, you know, in village areas in India, you've got simple techniques, for example, of ensuring that water is basically made drinkable. And that's entirely through filtering it through various levels of clay, etc. And now that has become mainstream and you can buy that water. I mean, it's been some companies are marketing that the natural kind of filters. So I think a lot more money needs to be spent on discovery. And the very important point is, it's not simply a question of adopting, you know, buying technology from elsewhere that's very expensive. But it's also a way of looking at your own people, your own needs and developing your own technologies. I think money for that is very, very important. Thank you. Thank you, Professor. So it seems like we only have a few minutes left. And so I just wanted to again, thank everyone here for joining us today for this incredibly enriching webinar. Thank you to all of our speakers and panelists for taking the time to share your wisdom with us, share your thoughts, your ideas, your solutions. In today's webinar, we discussed best best practices, experiences and and recommendation recommendations for advancing gender equity among the G 20, especially with the G 20 meeting this weekend. We discussed, you know, how interconnected the challenge challenges of gender equality, social equity, poverty, energy, food, nutrition, they're all connected to each other. Gender is an underlying dimension within all these problems. And so we need to think of these ideas more holistically, more systematically and and really integrate the working groups together when in the G 20. We also talked about making the importance of making space for marginalized voices for decolonizing our approach to knowledge. There is much knowledge within villages of India, Africa, other places that can that are already making change. And we need to value this and put that at the forefront. Have more people within G 10 to spaces, keeping in line with the theme being the people's G 20 and have those marginalized voices lifted up. So I think I think these are some of the main key points during having an integrated agenda finance implementation accountability. And as was mentioned earlier by three, there's many mechanisms in place by the G 20 to ensure accountability, but there's still much work to do. We're still far off from being completely gender equal. We need to continue on this path if we want to ensure that we meet our sustainable development goals and for the sake of humanity. It is gender equality is important. And so, again, hopefully the solutions and next steps described here today can help move us forward in that regard. I'd like to thank you all again for joining us and please look out for reporting in the future where you can listen to all of this again. Thank you and take care. Thank you. Bye. Thank you. Bye.