 Wel, wrth gwrs, wrth gwrs, a hwnnw i'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'r sefyllfa yn ystafell yma, y newid ymlaen, o'r materiol. Felly, o'r ffordd, rwy'n credu... Mae'n gweithio'r 90% o'r cyfnwys i'r gweithio. Mae'n gweithio'r 13% o gyfnodol gyda'r GDPA. Mae'r 7% o'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'r gweithio'r gweithio'r 14% o'r gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'r gweithio'r gyfnodol gyda'r worturdid, o'r reidio'r Eisteddf Lleidirrach Cymru, o'r llelus sydd gyda ddannu cyfnodol. Mae'r cyfnodol o'r Rhym Eisteddf Lleidirach Cymru. Mae'r cyfnodol yn gweithio'r 3% o gweithio'r gweithio i ganais ei wneud o'r reidio'r genaidd ac yn gweithio'r 3% o gennaid o yearfodol gyferhereid. gan ynnu ymdweithio net-zero, i gael y ddweud bod gen i gyda ffodol o'r byd yn y gynnwys, i gael design ac yn gwneud ar hyn ac mae'n meddwl ei wneud rydych chi'n ddyn nhw. Ac e'n amser yn y cysylltyd, yn ddechrau'r 4 cyfyneddau a sy'n brydd yn cydweithio 30 miliwn yn ddweud ymdreifeau mewn newydd, fel yna dda ni'n cyntaf. Yn bod ydweithio'r cyfrifennod a wneud cysylltu New York yn corwbydd 40 gyd. So we have an opportunity here and a big challenge. How are we going to make this happen without breaking all of our climate commitments? How are we going to do it fairly and sustainably? Can we enhance our living and working spaces along the way, not just making life cleaner, but making it better? These are some of the big questions I've been wondering about for some time. My name's Ed Conway. I'm the economic editor of Sky News. I've written a book called Material World which is looking at some of this stuff as well. But more importantly we've got a panel here of people who are the real protagonists in this story. Er fawr, mae chi'n nhw'n gweithio rei drwg wedi chi i'r awnol i ddillogion. Argymdachon, Fais Cymru, HCC, Cwm Ysdangos, Gwm Ni Llywodraeth Arfer, Cyfnod 괜찮 i'r cyfoedd Cymru, gan gyfair yng Nghyrch Ac yr oedd Llywodraeth Cymru, Cristina Gambar, ymgyrch meddwl gyda Gwm Gwein Mwylydd Gwein, i'r cofennol Simon, ymgyrch drwy'r ymgondol, feol Ysgrifennod ymgrifiadr Cymru. Ond mae'n mynd i'r ddechrau'r ddechrau, mae'r dddangos o'i cyfrifio, y dyfu, ddim ddweud ymddangos arall... Dwi'n credu ydym na'r ddim yn ymwyaf, mae'r ddechrau'n ddweud, dwi'n credu'n ddweud... ...og oedd y ddweud y rhanolau'r cyfrifio, ddweud yr ysgrifennu cerddau... ...og oes y ddweud, oherwydd yw'r ddweud o'i ddweud o'i ddweud, oherwydd o'n ysgrifennu... Sall i chi am ymddangos o'i gweithio? Mae yna'r ymarfer yn cyfnod hynny. Mae fi'n meddwl i'w ddweud. Mae'n ymddangos i'w ddweud cael ei bod yn ymwneud i'w rhaid i'r cyfrifiadau. Rydw i ddim eich bod yn ei ddweud ymddangos sydd wedi cael eu cyfrifiadau ar y Llyfrgell yma, a'u ddwylo i'r Cymru. Mae wedi'u ddweud ar y gyfer y maen nhw'n dweud unigolol. in India where it's the construction of a single column in the seabed and that bears the weight of the entire structure as opposed to it sitting on two legs of piers. Less carbon footprint, far more aesthetic and less disturbance on the seafloor. And credit goes to our client in the municipal corporation because it's never easy for public sector, entity to accept, you know, a pathway in design. Design in mixed use of our materials, use of industrial by-products to lower the amount of clicker content in the concrete we use and so that in recent years we've actually reduced the amount of cement that we use in some of our projects for about 35-50%. And then we have big advocates of trying to push more steel into our design reasonably concrete because steel is just far more circular. We've made it quite heavily, you know, with regard to concrete in certainly South Asia and India. Steel is more expensive, it's in higher maintenance, but it's easier to work with, it's faster. And now I think we added new materials including new paints like C5, we've got 25 year maintenance free periods for steel, so hopefully you'll see a more circular steel usage in the years to come. Okay, Kristina. Thank you. So from the World Green Building Council, we are a leading platform that has green building councils in over 80 countries that engage with 46,000 companies. And we've been around for a while and our innovation is that we need more collaboration between us and amongst the industry because no one actor can really get this over the line. But the collaboration that I'm talking about is around like we're doing today, bringing awareness, as you said Ed, this topic of the built environment is one of the highest potential solutions to the climate problem and bringing quality of life worldwide in countries that are still urbanising at a very high rate and making sure that the decarbonisation efforts that are now underway in the sector that are flagged at the COP process, for example with the goals of doubling the energy efficiency rate and tripling renewables built environment is just in the centre of that. So our innovation is that collaboration to bring better buildings a reality and those better buildings today are the ones that are resilient, that are zero carbon, that are driving the circular economy as a hierarchy of achieving those goals and of course driving forward new ways and business models that can bring more let's say a peace of mind for policymakers to do the right policies and the finance community to invest the money that goes into the sector in the right sort of assets by having radical collaboration transparency making sure that we can enable this. So maybe it's not a new innovation but I guess the era that we are today is around that collaboration on doing the responsible things that can change the trajectory that we're on. Thank you Colin. When we started the whole journey to go to net zero buildings we did a lot of work first on operational carbon, sort of carbon in the daily operation of a building and we made big steps but then we found out that a big part of the problem of course is in the materials and we started to analyse that and one of the things that we recently did is we started to work with wood with COT in the building. Currently we made a building that's the largest wooden building in Germany. Very difficult from a regulation and building code perspective. People think that wood by definition is more dangerous than other materials. We don't think that that is so much the case but it's important to work together. It takes a lot longer then to convince the municipality to work with you and to do it but in the end if you see the product when it's done not only is it a building that has a much more lower carbon footprint but at the same time just if you walk around in the building it feels so much nicer and so much better and I think that's the win-win that we're looking for. That's quite exciting. Nolig, I know you have lots of examples. Yes, so maybe to put it into perspective all the context that I've been shared. So the built environment as you said can play a vital role in our world in net zero transition and energy transition. It represents 37% of our world's greenhouse gas emissions. 10% of emissions as you mentioned happen through the materials at the construction phase. 27% of emissions are linked to heating, cooling and powering the building in its use so it's the operational footprint. So at Wholesome we're on a mission to decarbonise building tackling these two phases but also the end of life by making all our materials circular. So what are we doing at the construction phase? We're decarbonising hard to abate materials, cement and concrete by using a whole range of levers from low carbon formulation to decarbonised energy and for all the emissions that we cannot abate using those levers today we have CCUS projects to capture all the remaining unavoidable emissions. So within this next decade we're going to be ready to produce 8 million tonnes of net zero cement per annum and that is basically a huge step towards getting to the net zero construction ambition that we all share but also we're reinventing concrete to make it low carbon as we mentioned but also to enable it to be much more circular. We don't realise it but concrete is just as recyclable as glass you can recycle 100% of concrete in an infinite loop and we're building up the infrastructure to make that happen today but we can also use concrete to build better or less using smart design as you mentioned design is essential to use the minimal amount of material for maximum strength with the performance analysis across the entire life cycle of the building so we're reinventing concrete to make it an advanced sustainable building solution so that it can play its role in this net zero transition that we're all embarked on. Thank you, Nolig. Argyn, you were talking, you're there actually building enormous big projects you're there at the front of this really so where do you see, you mentioned steel but where do you see the various opportunities in terms of trying to bring down emissions? So let me talk about how stuff is built at least in India we've barely scratched the surface and the use of prefabricated components in construction is less than about 2% so whether it's a prefab, concrete slab or it's a prefab segment that goes into a bridge or tunnel a lot of this can actually be manufactured, excuse me, on mass off site and actually be transported to the site for assembly and you have huge economies of scale which would then reduce carbon footprint by about 16, 17%. Let me give you an example in India where building out our mass transit infrastructure metro undergrounds all across India. These are hundreds of kilometres of tunnel and rail that's being linked underground and if you just simply take the concrete segment lining of a tunnel which is a standardised product for all the tunnels across the country you end up having the ability to actually when you scale the volume gives you that opportunity to allow to have mass production of these segments for example off site outside the city centres you have less pollution in the city and what you end up doing also is freeing up about 5-7 acres of prime real estate in each of your construction sites which would normally be used for casting out so that's an example. That's really interesting and part of the other challenge with this is it's not just the application but the data understanding what is actually happening here understanding the impact, understanding the opportunities is that something Christina that you have been looking at? Yes totally. I guess in the last few years we I mean I think the industry, the construction industry has been let's say shifting towards a greater understanding of performance and having data you cannot manage what you don't measure and this sector was not very good still maybe not very good at having information around all the life stages and all the let's say the processes, the engineering, the architecture where are the design points for example where you can really with your hand print reduce and create efficiencies and carbon and also to the end of life also there we're just getting started on understanding the materials passport side and the relevance of things that have been in the industry so from a data point of view the industry now has some excellent data points that need to be scaled up and those go around for example the environmental product declarations that have been valued by voluntary rating tools for some decades now bringing transparency on the performance and for people to better specify but that now we know it's not enough now the proper mix of the use of those gives us systems that can go into the building different sorts of systems depending on the climate and the use, the energy intensity to get the right mix of design so you don't over specify the amounts of materials or you don't over engineer a building just because you just pop in things that you need so there's more data there now making decisions and then when you, in the construction site the efficiency in construction also allows you to track that your site is now carbon free that you're using clean construction methodologies and making sure you're not creating efficiencies I don't know if you know this but most almost 20% sometimes of materials used in construction sites just go to waste because in the construction site they were not properly managed and properly tracked and then at the end of phase make sure it doesn't go to landfill and here we have cities making regulations on stopping waste to landfill in the construction site the waste to landfill in construction is almost 50% of the waste that comes from the construction industry worldwide so making sure that there's mandatory requirements on recycling the end of life now there's data on the use of let's say assembly, no, designed for this assembly and for recycability there's more data on that and I guess there's more transparency in that confidence building that Nolig was talking about around evidence that secondary materials are feasible for that they're not hazardous and that they can also achieve the structural integrity you need because that's the confidence building and so that you really stop this madness of just using virgin materials in a linear way and that we really can reboot that circular economy and the great thing is that around that life cycle buildings that I try to express here there's data points and there's policy there's regulation and business really seeing that if they measure it they can have even a more let's say more margins, more profit while being responsible and managing all this process Okay that's encouraging so it is getting better and actually Nolig I want to bring you in here because you were talking about circularity a lot for a lot of people who understand a bit about cement, a bit about concrete they might have assumed that it was just once and done but actually you have some interesting projects that you're working on that suggest it's totally different Actually circularity is a bit of a game changer for us right now our whole adventure started in Zurich actually because the public authorities made it mandatory to recycle at least 20% of materials in all of their public works so our research teams had to figure out how do I put 20% recycled content in our cement and concrete and that's what gave us the platform to get going on this and we produced the world's very first cement that was four years ago with 20% recycled construction demolition materials inside and we realized that by doing this actually we're taking the concrete at its end of life and if we process it and crush it down to its most finest level we can actually recuperate the cement paste and it becomes a decarbonized raw material in the formulation of new cement and today we can basically take the demolition recuperate the cement paste to actually reduce 40% of the footprint of new cement that's a pretty significant breakthrough so by doing this we can literally take old buildings and reduce the footprint of the next generation of buildings by basically having this closed loop system but to scale this up our vision is in every single metropolitan area where we operate we want to make circular construction happen the infrastructure does not exist today and the regulatory landscape is just getting going so we're basically building up the infrastructure as we speak we were engaging at the EU level this year they changed their cement regulatory principles to allow between 5% and 35% of recycled demolition materials in the formulation of cement so that gives us a platform to engage with every single national government and every single municipal community to get them to adapt their building codes to embrace circularity and by doing that we basically can reduce the footprint but also reduce the amount of virgin materials that we use and so right now we've got about 100% eco cycle recycling centres in operation around the world and we want to scale that up as much as possible in Europe alone we're going to get to about 150 recycling centres by 2030 so this is happening, circular construction is a key part of our decarbonization journey and it just requires connecting the dots across all these things there's a big coordination thing and I do want to come back to that actually coordination, policy, regulation, what kind of role institutions have on this but actually Coen, you were talking as a developer you were talking about timber I presume that's cross laminated timber this exciting new building material that's a lot of people are making lots of noise about but in practice what are the opportunities and what are the challenges and actually does it go beyond the environmental question is there something about the physiological the psychological implications when you're thinking of building with these different materials there is and what we've learned is that back in the day I thought everything that you built in wood would be much better than building it in concrete today that's not always the case concrete is becoming so much better that always when you build with wood you also have to do part of that in steel cement especially when you build high rises so it's already really looking at the model and trying to optimize the factor that our tenants like is that they're in a space that looks a little bit like a living room and for when you start to look at the health part of the building and that's something that already six, seven years ago so before COVID in interviews it showed that a lot of our tenants were talking not so much about net zero that I'm talking about the people that are actually working in a building not so much the maybe the big companies that have a net zero promise but actually people really working there they said hey for me the air quality is important because they have a right in the building and they read about toxic in all kinds of materials and they talked about the look and feel and some people already didn't want to work from home because they had a feeling that working from home with the plants and the green around them would be more positive now a lot of work has been done we have different research centers in the world that have been looking at what does health do in the building and it turns out that if you now follow the well institute and you go to a well rating of your building you take all these different parts together in the design of the building use different materials more light in the building that are so much more that you can do to have that satisfaction and it proves that indeed the virus load in those kinds of buildings is a lot lower so the chances of getting COVID is much reduced how was that how was the virus load lower it's very simple we measure CO2 those sensors are very cheap nowadays we just make sure that the air circulation is very different back in the day but if you look at the materials I think 10 years ago we would just put everything in the building which was cheap and sort of look nice and nowadays there is so much more information out there that we know exactly what material have toxic in it some materials you cannot use if you build a baby crib you are allowed to do it massively in the building right I see those materials and now we decided not to use those anymore that's interesting Christina did you have a thought on that? I had an example for a long time we thought I don't know if you but we're old as old as in terms of we thought that smell it's new smell right the paint it's so great it's new oh my god that was so toxic that paint cannot go into the wood into the cribs into the furniture so what we've done in this industry through the EPDs and everything is bring the chemical industry and all the specifiers to be transparent and what is putting what is in there the asbestos also for example is another example that comes to mind all the transparency brought now a challenge where you can that just is I know because it goes against the health of workers and all the invisible people also that are around the life cycle of the building so all that healthy from the design phase but also from the handling of the materials from us as users making sure that the systems are made for making sure that in the 90% indoors we can be the best we can be is super critical and that has been a game changer and has brought also a lot of of a change in the pollution that comes downstream that we don't see from all those industries that also would use those sort of very bad inputs that's really interesting and I suppose this is not just about data it's not just about innovation it's not just about materials it's an economic kind of story and for you Arjun you know you have a large workforce there are presumably labor implications of when you're kind of thinking about new materials, new building practices what are those kinds of things that you're looking at and seeing when one looks at trade-offs I think you know it's entirely complementary actually in India both short term and long term India finally has an infrastructure program it deserves you have about a trillion dollars of spend that's happening every 5 to 7 years and the construction sector is the second largest employer of labor in the country it borrows some of this from the agricultural sector of season and what we've seen in recent years with the demand of agricultural produce also increasing with the planting of perennial crops the migrant labor that used to come from various parts of India and urban centers by the way where the cost of living is higher is starting to tighten Covid didn't make this easier as well because understandably people wanted to be closer to home so I think there's a fundamental balance that we have to achieve between labor and skilled labor and mechanization and new building materials and tooling and there's also then for a developing country like India creates new jobs for the future okay but also I mean there's another issue and I'll quick follow up to you but then I want to bring this to knowledge as well you know affordability it's not a trivial question is it and you know this in particular India is a country which is building a lot developing seeing the standards of living increasing so that balancing act between things that are cleaner are more novel building materials and it being affordable for those you know who are eventually can end up paying for it presumably you're quite conscious of that are you we have to be I think we can certainly be doing better I think we have to actually serve the aspirations of hundreds of millions of Indians and I think that the government is extremely conscious of this I think that you know you have to first of all be able to experiment and also be ready to fail and the public sector is certainly many many parts of the world and especially India wary of doing that couple of examples you know at least on the heavy civil side Ministry of Transport for example has experimented with in a couple of highways the substitution of soil with urban waste and you know we don't know whether some of these experiments are going to basically fail or succeed but what you end up then having is at least an attempt to do so I think in the long run is something that you need to play with but I think that the this is a trade off that's a very hard question to answer I think that there's no getting on the fact that we will have new construction and you know the three hours recycle refurbish you know the purpose are still very very expensive and there's people on the panel that are better place to answer that question but the fourth hour which I find interesting which is reduce is also something that we need to continue to consider we all consume I think a bit much than we should but we can't forget can we that concrete for a lot of people is an enormous enhancement on what might have come before you know a concrete floor rather than what was there before might be an improvement so living standards you know have been improved enormously by the deployment of concrete around the world the concrete is also the most resilient you know we're talking about climate change etc I think you know hearing wonderful things about how this is now going to hopefully become recyclable I was going to say but it's just not like you have these amazing new kind of exciting recipes for how you're going to make concrete lower carbon how can you ensure that people are going to be able to afford it how can you ensure that whether it's developers or whether it's you know people in sites are going to actually use it because presumably that's not a straightforward question either yeah a very good question so when we embarked on our mission to decarbonise building at scale one of the principles is we have to make sustainable building accessible to all so when we launched our eco pack low carbon concrete two and a half years ago with at least 30% lower CO2 footprint inside we said we're just going to make this our mass market product we're not going to charge a premium this needs to be adopted by as many people as possible so just make this product scalable so that's been our overarching principle is to make low carbon construction possible at scale and we're part of projects today that honestly if you use concrete at its best right and you use not only its strength properties but also its energy efficiency properties we are part of passive buildings that make building self-sufficient from an energy perspective so they're super affordable to run they become super cost effective from an energy perspective to run from people actually who live inside so in Vienna we're part of a school project that we launched last year that is self-sufficient and it generates all its energy on site so zero energy costs so if you design buildings the right way you can make sustainable building affordable we also to make this message a bit louder around the world we engage with Norman Foster Foundation at the Venice Biennale of architecture last year to create an essential home you'll build down a home to what are its most essential elements and make it as sustainable as possible and we did that and now we're basically working on taking that experiment from Venice to create an area to actually bring it out into the world in real affordable housing and I can see Sheila Patel in the room here a pioneer in affordable housing, resilient housing for the most vulnerable populations in the world we work together and roof over our head we need to make a resilient affordable housing sustainable for everyone because otherwise we're not going to fix this problem there's a coordination thing as well here because in order to make a lot of this stuff happen for instance net zero concrete you're going to need carbon capture at least in the short and medium term and so there's a coordination thing there's a policy challenge as well Christina do you want to talk a bit about that policy challenge because this presumably is not going to happen without some form of policy management as well oh I wish I had the answer for that in a simple way but I would say in a way in this links to affordability and the responsibility of governments to be able to be having an enabling environment to have people have access to homes to solutions to good urban environments to quality of life and we've had a policy failure we have a billion people living in informal settlements worldwide and right now that's going to go up to two billion or more or four I just know the stats are blurry by 2050 if we don't get the right sort of policy frameworks to address the affordability and go head on with a solution of how to help business set up for success in this sort of environment in a way where we don't do away with the virgin materials we recycle and we do solutions that are fit for the local needs because it also goes to sense of place of culture for my family it may be different I value in my home then for a family in Europe and Africa so the policy response has to go let's say hand in hand maybe with three things regulation information and incentives in terms of regulation we need to have performance based codes if there's performance based codes then the local industry can decide the right appropriate of solutions of systems that can make the house a reality in a way that it is affordable to run explain a performance based code yes so for example I would in instead of just having a construction code that you use right and it's there's a lot of regulation in the sector you have to comply but if I if I ask you you have to assure me that in the operation of this building you will meet this sort of energy efficiency you will meet this sort of water savings then with the resources in Mumbai or the climate then you then you design to meet to that so that house with the right sorts of materials is going to perform in that way you can use recycle materials whatever you want but then when you're then that enables the decarbonisation efforts circularity efforts in a way where you don't do away with prescriptive methods but you promote innovation in a performance based as you let the industry a space to innovate and make sure that they do the buildings that are needed in a way that is profitable and affordable so that's the one point in regulation second in terms of materials there has to be let's say incentives for a the value chain absorbing that recyclability and durability and of course making sure that industry is also disclosing information the energy performance directive in Europe now as it is right now by 2030 will mandate whole life carbon disclosure and that will mean that you will have to have transparency and that will bring the data for the regulation to continue to improve on targets like there is in Denmark or the circularity goals that there is in the Netherlands so that's regulation information would be road maps to enable collaboration between governments in order to inspire the local solutions that have worked in others more quickly because we need to leapfrog there's too much to do and the construction product regulations for example in the EU is now having comparable information around circularity of products and making sure that there's confidence in the market there's an interesting thing around extended product responsibility happening in France for example where you will have for example to show that products are designed for their end of life or things so that's regulation information and the final point I said was around incentives because there's a lot of inertia here we've done things too much the same way it's been an industry that is conservative productivity hasn't changed so there has to be some sort of incentives in terms of for example giving you more floor space to design and meet the performance based code or being creative it doesn't have to be money flowing back to the sector but that you really get some carrots and sticks working in the right way okay that's brilliant Cohn I want to come to you in a second but just Arjun you had a response when talking about that dynamic point Government is the the owner and the largest consumer of public infrastructure it is also the rule maker so policy has to in some cases be top down but in some cases at least on larger infrastructure projects urban infrastructure projects the government can mandate a certain minimum procurement of material a threshold 30, 35% of it to come from whether it's prefabricated products or certain kinds of greener cement et cetera so on and so forth what it also then does is signal immediately to the private sector to plan or to actually give the right incentives so that in two years the private sector knows the demand is going to exist so that's a crucial role Cohn you wanted to come in and I don't know if it was on we definitely wanted to cover material passports but was that what you wanted to talk about? well maybe one quick reaction to what Christina was saying what we are seeing is that a lot of municipalities have difficulties with all the innovation that is now happening it's going so fast that's not the way our governments and our cities are organized so there's a couple of examples how they solve that and one is in Belgium for example where you don't get the building permit anymore from the municipality you can go to an engineering company that is licensed to do so and they will check everything they have a much easier look at all the innovations that are possible and you might think then is that not getting more dangerous but there's an insurance company behind it and they will then check on that engineering company and they will ensure the outcome of that whole process of course the government is still there to keep an eye out if the whole process is done in a proper way but we believe there's much more possibility for innovation there than what you see in a normal process so one example of where municipalities could beef their game up and do better than they did in the past and material passports is another thing that he talks about a lot in here and other sectors like batteries as well you're excited about that as well are you? Definitely, it's so great that back in the day we would make a building and then the building would have a certain performance and we would have tenants there to pay for that performance but the building itself we didn't really see as something valuable and at the same time there's so many materials in there that have an end of life value that we should harvest and also when we sell a building we don't want to just say oh this building can be used for 20 years and then it's worth nothing anymore we want to say hey after that you can do all kinds of other things but all these materials in there have a value as well because we can reuse the aluminium and the steel but in order to do so you have to map that out and make very specific how that works and we have done that and we have done it together with a European organisation called MADASTER that helps you to specify exactly what is out there now the jury is still out if the investors are willing to pay more for those kinds of buildings where that is happening also the investment industry can sometimes be not on the forefront of innovation but a little bit lagging on some of those things but we have no doubt that we will see over time that those buildings that have these passports will be the winners in the game I want to take some questions for the audience in just a second but I just want one more question for knowledge because it's very relevant to that theme is the question of procurement you talked about Zurich having various various kind of recommendations I guess they were regulations on concrete this kind of thing matters I assume so what is the role for procurement I think what we've heard here is that the innovations exist today to get to net zero building and maybe even net positive and regenerative buildings we need to open up the market and opening up the market it means getting the regulatory norms in place it means getting people to real estate developers to actually specify these solutions products so how do we accelerate the opening up of the green market is actually through procurement so we need a broad understanding across the entire value chain of what's possible today and I love that Belgium example because there is a huge bottleneck between what's possible today and the adoption in the market so how do we relieve that bottleneck it's by making people more aware but also making the system more conducive to adopting these new innovations so if that Belgium example could be replicated so connecting the dots across the building value chain and making people aware of what's possible is great and we've got groups like the devil's bow alliance Couture that are bringing the ecosystem together because the more we become aware of all these solutions the faster we can adopt them and the more scalable they become the more affordable they are so I think it's important to connect the dots across the entire value chain okay now I have a zillion more questions but I'm going to pause for a second to ask if anyone in the audience had some questions we've got some microphones that we can bring to you so put your hands up if you do if you don't, oh the question over here from the lady here, there's a microphone which I think will be brought across to you oh there we are it's right in front of you okay there it is thank you very much that's working I'm Sheila Patel I run this campaign where two of my major partners are sitting here it's called roof over our heads and it's to remind everybody talking about construction materials that all the people in the global south that represent almost 50% today and I think more as you said when more people come into the cities who design, construct and finance their own homes the other people who build your houses the other people who serve all of us in the global south and there's no university there are no building material codes there's nothing there for them to learn how to do things differently in a world that has changed completely with extreme heat winds that are taking roofs that's how our campaign started so I feel that in these conversations while you all mention about migration urban populations the global south has a huge challenge of dealing with these illegal informal and invisible habitats that today we talk about policy related to materials but you have ancient almost crazy laws that make most of the people who live informally in cities illegal the city cannot provide them water and sanitation nobody can do anything with them but they are there and they are growing and disasters are going to increase so I feel somewhere in this very technical discussion equality and value and investment you want to make in poor people's lives is very important and I've come here to remind all of you about that and just to do a EPR which is not there is that on the basis of the work we've all done we've actually created a mechanism for poor women to identify the materials that they use and develop a resilience index we don't get we sort of are in the cusp of either being developmental or people don't like to talk about materials and constructions in social development work so I think these kind of awkward things have to come in to mainstream this just in the name of your organisation for the online audience the campaign is called roof over our heads and it's a flagship programme of the race to resilience thank you very much for that comment and of course this is people want to improve their lives people want to improve their lives across the world and that is an enormous part of and if I can add to that I'm so proud to be working with Sheila in this work it's so important and materials matter in this game and in this project that we worked on with Norman Foster for the Venice Biennale we created a new product basically it's a concrete canvas because we can't bring concrete to these informal settlements and so now we've got this it's like a textile fabric and we just spray concrete on it to bring the strength of concrete but actually the main bulk of the material so it becomes something you can really easily deploy build on with the unskill labour it's modular we were able to deploy this solution with the earthquake in Morocco recently we could immediately bring the solution so innovation in materials also happens with that in mind to make them affordable and accessible to people who need it the most do we have any more questions because I've got a couple more that would be great if anyone from the audience wanted to add on I will ask about innovation because that is one of the overarching questions here is how are we going to spur innovation what happens I guess also we're hoping that there's going to be more policy coordination but what happens in the absence of that these are realistic issues that people working in business working in policy need to kind of think about how do we create better awareness and education do we want to say Arjun you take those first and then maybe Kristina education awareness I think the best solutions are the democratic bottom up ones I went to fitness farm once where everything I consumed had a calorie content associated with it and voila I consumed less and everybody has a smartphone today rich work and so I think that we talked about this but I think it's time we started measuring our carbon footprint waste the quality air we breathe by the way which transcends rich and poor and politics around the world and certainly most parts of the world and especially in India is about performance and then you actually probably maybe bring in I think the best ambassadors for these change you bring in children these my boys are the biggest ambassadors for change in our home you somehow besides the stuff you teach them at home embed something in their curriculums in school and university you start to bring awareness across society and then hopefully you'll see in the years to come some material change as a result that's helpful Kristina yes I think that's great I mean consumers have a huge role to play we've seen a great wave of change for example an awareness with the e vehicles right and it's something that some people use for transformation and transport but there's also the availability beyond the consumer information flow of the understanding that all this matters to their productivity their health their sense of place the finance industry is the gem in this conversation if the policy response is slow because there's no doubt there's going to be new buildings there's going to be retrofits in Europe this is going to happen money is flowing but right now most of it is going to the wrong sort of assets so we need first the finance community to continue to ask the construction industry to speak the same language agree on the topics so they can shift where they're going to be investing right and that can help a lot in this in the landscape and create again this ambition loop and policy and give policy the security that they can give more policy signals that are right and then the policy signals that are right and of course into the other segments make sure that the micro finance industry is also being creative and innovative to get to the lower segments of the population that possibly the lower income that possibly have an informal job don't have a track record of credit but we know those barriers can be brought down and that is a whole range of things that the finance community and consumers can do without waiting we don't need to wait this is on okay thank you I think we're out of time unfortunately but thank you so much to very quick final thing for me as a journalist my point is awareness we need more awareness we need to remember that this stuff is not boring it's incredibly important and the more we understand why materials matter why building why construction matters the jeopardy but also the opportunity the better so the more we understand the better but anyway I'm going to hand over now just at the end to Jeff Merritt he's the head of the centre for urban transformation at the world economic forum he just has a few words to finish this off but thank you very much to the panellists thank you Ed and to all of our panellists here before this session started I was saying to Ed I don't think we could have a session like this a few years ago we were in a very different place there wasn't this optimism this hope that you heard here today and don't get me wrong we have a lot of obstacles ahead but we have incredible incredible leadership that you saw here on the stage just a couple months ago I was with some of our partners in Barcelona we as the forum launched the first model policy for whole life carbon assessments and now we're working with cities around the world to really rethink the way in which we construct and manage buildings and as Nolig referenced one year ago actually this week we joined with the government of Switzerland in 31 countries around the world as well as real estate construction finance companies to launch the Davos-Balkator alliance and I think one of the takeaways for me is something you said Christine is this is a collaborative effort and it's something that we at the world economic forum as the international organization for public private cooperation take very seriously we invite all of you both in the room and online to join the effort here you can go online to davosalliance.org you can be part of this effort to really transform the built environment but in doing so transform the future for our kids for future generations we invite you to be part of this and today we hope is the beginning of a new era for the built environment and for all of us as we move towards a brighter future so thank you again for joining us thank you