 Hello everyone welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more so today we have a very interesting topic that is gum pads in peterontics. So we know gum pads is alveolar process without teeth. So it is present from the birth till six months. So let's get into the details of gum pads. So the development of dentition is basically divided into four periods. One is pre dental period that is from birth to six months. During that period there is no teeth that is what we are studying today gum pads. The second one is deciduous dentition from the first tooth irreps that is deciduous lower central incisor until the period of first permanent tooth irreps that is lower central permanent incisor that is during six years. So during that period only deciduous dentition is there. So that period is known as deciduous dentition period mixed dentition is with both deciduous and permanent dentition that is 6 to 12 years by 12 years all of the deciduous dentition will be exfoliated naturally and after that we have only permanent dentition. So we have 20 deciduous teeth and 32 permanent teeth. Now let's move on to gum pads. So gum pads is structure which is present in pre-dentate period that is just refers to the period from birth to eruption of the first deciduous teeth in oral cavity that is lower central incisor. So it irreps here. So gum pads are alveolar arches of an infant this is the alveolar arches of an infant. So these are known as gum pads. So which is very firm pink and resilient and it is basically has two parts that is labia buccal portion and lingual portion. So these portions are divided by a dental groove that is the labia buccal portion and the lingual portion is divided by something known as dental groove. And the shape of the gum pad it is horseshoe shape can see the horseshoe shape in upper arch and a U shape in lower arch. So it is basically divided into labia buccal portion and lingual portion which is separating separated by something on as dental groove. Now let's see the upper gum pad. So as I mentioned it is horseshoe shape it is divided into 10 segments by transverse groove. So it has to accommodate 10 teeth first total 20 teeth 10 teeth in upper arch 10 teeth in lower arch. I am talking about deciduous condition. So it has to accommodate 10 teeth. So it is divided into 10 segments by something known as transverse groove. So each groove central incisor lateral incisor on both side canines on both side first and second molars on both side. So one side 5 segments and left side 5 segments total 10 segments. So these segments are divided by transverse groove. So dental groove is different. It is labia buccal portion and lingual portion of gum pad is separated by dental groove. This is the segments in upper and lower arch. So we are talking about only upper arch. So 10 segments divided by transverse groove and we have gingival groove that is the lingual portion is separated from pallet by gingival groove and it is from alveolar floor of the mouth by gingival groove. So it is separated from pallet by gingival groove. So the dental groove originates the dental groove originates from incisive papillae and extends backwards to test the gingival groove in canine region. So it extends backwards to test the gingival groove at canine region. So this is dental groove which originates from incisive papillae it goes backward like this it touches the gingival groove here at canine region. So lateral sulcus is nothing but the transverse groove which is present between canine and first molar. So this is a transverse groove it is a lateral sulcus yes transverse groove but which is present between canine and first molar which is known as lateral sulcus. So we have seen dental groove which separates labia buccal or lingual portion and gingival groove which is touching the dental groove at canine region and lateral sulcus it is present between canine and first molar that is nothing but a transverse groove. So lower gumpad is a U shaped and it has an anterior portion averted to labial side and again it is also divided into 10 segments 5 left and 5 right the gingival groove separates the gump from floor of the mouth. So gingival groove separates it from the floor of the mouth just like how it separated from the palate the upper arch from palate and dental groove running from backward and joined the gingival groove at canine region it is joining the gingival groove in the canine region that is the dental groove running backwards running backwards and joining the gingival groove at canine region and lateral sulcus is nothing but which is the transverse groove present between canine and first molar. So these are the basic things about gumpads upper and lower gumpads so basically upper gumpad is wider and longer when approximated there is a complete overjet which helps in suckling. So at rest gumpads are gumpads are separated by the tongue and the lateral sulcus of lower gumpad lies distal to that of upper and overjet with contact only at the first molar region. So during function mandible moves vertically in anterior posterior direction and lateral movements are basically absent. So growth of gumpads at birth the width of gumpads are inadequate to accommodate all the incisors. So growth of gumpad is rapid during first year after birth then more in transverse and labiovacal direction labiovacal and transverse direction. So basically we clean the gumpads from the first week of birth using a small gos 2x2 gos keeping between thumb and forefingers and wipe vigorously over the gumpads. So we have nowadays we have infant tooth pressures finger coats and wipes are available. So there are various things which are associated with gumpads which we have already covered that is natal teeth and neonatal teeth that is a helioreptor teeth, natal teeth something which present at birth neonatal is within 30 days and epilis and also epstein pearls and bone nodules we have covered in previous sessions. This is like a cyst formation at the mid palatine raffae and over the alveolar mucosa and regaffidae disease also it is associated with alveolar gumpads which is ulceration on the ventral surface system caused by the sharp edges of natal and neonatal teeth. So these all are seen during the gumpad spirits that is pre dental period birth to 6 months and also ereption cyst is also there. So gumpads is about a period where there is no tooth present in the oral cavity and it is separated by transverse groove and lateral sulcus is between canine and facemolar which is horseshoe shape this is U shape. So some grooves are there which is little bit confusing that is dental groove which is actually separating the labia buccal and lingual portion, gingival groove which is separating it is from palate or floor of the mouth. So dental groove is different, gingival groove is different, transverse groove is different transverse groove is separating the 10 segments and the transverse groove between these two canine and facemolar is lateral sulcus. So dental grooves, gingival groove and transverse groove. So it is otherwise it is a very easy topic so it is commonly asked question in university exam. So I will come up with a new topic in the industry and more. Thank you.