 Hello everyone, welcome back to a new session on dentistry and work. So today's topic is evaluation. So it's just continuation of our planning cycle. Evaluation we have seen at the bottom of this planning cycle. So evaluation is nothing but we are assessing the program's objectives and its goals, whether the program is meeting its objectives or not. So evaluation is defined as judgment of merit or worth about a particular person place or thing. Okay, it is a very general definition. So it's nothing but checking whether our program was meeting its objectives or not. So what was the purpose? So purpose of evaluation is to find out what works and what doesn't work. So we need to evaluate our program whether it was working, it was not working based on its objectives. And also to know that the funds have been better spent or not, because the idea of planning is to avoid the unwaistful expenditure, this full expenditure of the funds. So in order to control the expenditure, we are doing the planning of any program. So we need to evaluate whether it was actually spent well or not. So what are the criteria for evaluation of dental services? It was given by WHO 1972. The criteria are effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness and adequacy. Whether our program was adequate to meet its goals, whether it has all the resources, all the manpower, all the time for this program, whether it was appropriate or not. If we are planning some health education programs without any intervention, any sealant program, any flu rate programs for a population with a lot of carries, there is not going to be appropriate. Because we need to plan a program which is very appropriate for the need of the population. Efficiency, whether our manpower and whether our materials we use, the resources we use, whether it is efficient or not. We cannot use a filling material which is going to be one of in one week for a permanent tooth. We need to keep materials which are very efficient and it should be based on the requirement. Effectiveness, whether our program was effective or not. It is totally based on the objective. So effective programs will definitely meet its objectives. Efficient means the efficiency of the resources, manpower and all other things, whether they are working efficiently or not. So these are the criteria for evaluation. So all these four criteria we need to evaluate our program. So basically we have two types of evaluation that is formative and summative evaluation. So let's see what is formative and summative evaluation. Formative evaluation is also known as internal evaluation. It is a method for judging the worth of a program while the program activities are forming or in progress. So that is the difference while it is forming or in active phase. Okay. So we will monitor how well the instructional goals and objectives are being met and its main purpose is to catch deficiencies so that the proper learning interventions can take place. So it is the evaluation we are going to do while the program is in a forming stage or while it is in the implementation stage, not after the program. So we can think of a student's evaluation. Formative evaluation is individualized by comparison of the student's achievement during the various stages of course or curriculum. Because we keep internal examinations, class test and personal Viva sessions for judging the merit or the betterment of a student. So that is formative evaluation. So it puts the student against himself. Okay. So he needs to compare to his former performance not comparing with other students. So this enables the student to control his learning behavior at every point of course and seek appropriate teacher guidance. So formative evaluation is like he can improve at any point of time to take guidance from teacher. So I just kept an example to understand what is formative and summative evaluation. Formative evaluation is also useful in analyzing learning materials whether materials are effective or not, student learnings and achievements and teacher effectiveness. So whereas summative evaluation is sometimes referred to as external evaluation compared to the internal formative evaluation. It is a method of judging the worth of a program at the end of the program activities not during the formative or active phase. So it is not a summation. So the focus is on the outcome. Okay. So how a program was at the end of the program. So how it was how it went. Was it good? Was it bad? So we are checking if it is after the program or at the end of the program. It is known as summative evaluation. So summative evaluation refers to assigning a grade for students for achievements at the end of the course or instructional program. It is like we are conducting an exam or a university exam whether to test the student will pass the final year or he will lose the final year exam. So formative evaluation was like we are keeping internal examinations, Viva sessions and other sessions to improve and to check the teacher effectiveness and students performance. So that was formative evaluation. So it is comparison against himself. But the summative evaluation is like he is competing with other students or he is competing like whether to pass the exam, pass the year ending university exam or not. So we can just have a table. This will give you a better idea. Formative evaluation is performed to determine how well the students are mastered various elements. But it is like to simply to grade the students at the end of the course. Okay, so it deals with only a segment, deals with whole in detailed manner. Test can be administered after completion of each units. This test can be given at the completion of the program. There will be immediate feedback, but the immediate feedback is not possible. Immediate feedback is not possible. Diagnostic and progress test can be possible, but achievement examination can be possible. So weakness and strength of student can be understood here, but here only the success and failure of the student. So what are the phases of evaluation? The pilot phase where the program is in very nascent state, control phase where it is in a controlled manner where it is done on a very few people with all the elements are involved and actualization phase actual implementation is happened and fully functional operational phase. So these are the phases of evaluation. And what are the elements of evaluation, whether the element the program what we implemented relevant or not, whether it is progressing in desired objectives or goals manner, whether it is accessible for the people, whether the program is being accepted or not, whether the program is efficient in meeting its goals. And if it is effective or not, and if it has any impact on the desired goals or not. So these are the elements of evaluation. So what we had seen phases of evaluation and elements of evaluation and few basic steps like we need to know what is to be determined and establishing a standard criteria. So that's all about evaluation. It is most commonly asked for a short note that is four mark or three mark question, you need to write the definition, the main types formative and summative evaluation, the elements of evaluation phases of evaluation, and about formative and summative evaluation, and the WSU criteria for evaluation. So sometimes formative and summative evaluation might be asked separately as a four mark question. Welcome with a new session on dentistry and thank you.