 Okay, so hello, I'm today going to be brief as well. I will talk about what's happened during the white fly season and in Alabama. I want to my goal here is just for people to understand what is white fly and what is causing here most of people already know what is the problem but when this problem come and how can we have some manage and what we are doing. So, in short, I will start like explaining what is why fly so the sweet potato white fly there are several different species the most one that we use is the baby that we are used to is the baby missa tabasi and the vegetable crops that they affect the most are curbs and tomatoes, but you can find those insects in many other crops, even in your garden. So, for vegetables like I said to curbs and tomatoes, what they cause is usually damaging the leaf most common in the in to curbs like zucchini is the silver leaf as you can see, leaves of those plants turn into. It's turning into red and to those silver color and that impacted plants for to see it's consequently impact you don't know how much it's going to impact you to it's going to depend on the damage so there is like a score that you can give it off the damage, but always controlling the insect will minimize that damage that the insect can tell us. Here is just for you to see what's happening a better look on the plants. So a normal plant and a silver in plants so you can see that it's literally turn a silver losing the green color consequently, it will affect you by the end because of reduction in photosynthesis rates. Also those insects can transmitted virus there are several virus register for. Cucurbit crops yellow, yellow squash zucchini tomato several of those are reported in Alabama's other not, we are working with Cassie Dr at Sakura. We are working to identify all those virus that we have problem here and try to select cultivars that are more efficient against or more resistant against those virus. So that's the main problem that white flies silver leaves are is a problem on cucurbits. A little bit in tomatoes but in tomatoes you're going to see plants curling the leaves more because of heavy populations, but then the white flight transmitted virus is the major problem. Because of this insect because of those fires it's going to can devastate the crop. Just for you guys to see an idea of the damage of this crop in about two years ago. There will, it was reported in the southeast lost of about 50 million of dollars just because of the virus transmitted by this insect. So population pesticide, and those are the problems that we have so we have ideal conditions for the insect to develop a lot of pesticide application to a resistance and then the growth, the, the insect can like replicated and spread across not only Alabama but the southeastern US. So just keep in mind this is not a problem only in Alabama it's a problem that is in Georgia and Florida. So for you to understand why we have that severe white flight pressure. So basically what's happened is the white flight migrates from South Florida, as we get warmer conditions during summer to center Florida to North Florida, southeast Alabama, Southwest Georgia, and that's when we have our problem. We can cross the summer so as we have the summer going up, the temperatures increase, the white flies will go this direction. And that's when we have the problem. So, this is also causing because they have hosts during the entire season during this entire period. So we have the row crop cottons white fly also goes to cotton leaves, or to cotton plants, then when we have caught on the the white flies migrate so if you look where we have most of the cotton plants is in this area. So as we defoliated we're going to the cotton we're going to have the white fly population also in this area of the state. So that's where we have our problem. So, when they come, like I said during the summer. So they come basically by the end of the summer cotton start to be defoliated at this time here. And that's when we have our peak of the white fly population. So here we have white flying adults for trap during month of the year. And that's when it's happened, an overlap of our crop and then when we have cucurbits and tomatoes, we have our problem. So that's also a problem for row crops, but mainly for our vegetable crops. So just an overview what's happened last year, compared to this year in Alabama. In this first graph here, I don't want you guys to worry about what's going on in the y axis, because here is one unit, and here is another unit so don't worry about that but look about the trend. We do not have any, any problem of white flying 2021 and to first off, until actually until the second week of September. Here it was the same thing I'm not just not showing the data. Remember back in August we had a lot of rainfall events rainfall not the white fly down. They usually, when do they have rainfall events they usually migrate to. They migrate they are not get down, but the ones inside Jeremy pickens greenhouse, they stay alive and then they come to our field so Jeremy, we need your help. Then when they have those peak of white flies is during the month of September. So, here it's already show our first action planting date selecting the best planting date is ideal. You can see it was a trend in 2021 and 2022 a peak of white fly in the mid of September. So if you can avoid that planting date if you're in South Alabama, that's going to be the first action that you need to do to minimize crop loss. If you're in a place to train changes, of course, year to year, I will have this data, the same data ball for both years so you can see what's happening both years. Here, the goal was just to show the trend that we had. But we can do like I said planting date is the best option if you look at in your first in the first in 2021 the planting date would be before August 23. So you planted before August 23, and you can avoid populations like those one in the video passing here, as you can see the white flies easier are in the leaves but plants are already big enough they're already reading as you can see here. So, the white flight transmitted virus into curbs are not a problem. Not that are not a problem. It's a lower blast problem when plants are big but look this number of white flies you can find for early. And it's taking only one white flight to transmit the virus look our populations are very large in our early imagine when you have that in one leaf imagine the entire plant and imagine the entire few. So these are just couple leaf couple plants that I selected and as you can see they fly out of. So the second action is going to be a culture of our selection if you're planting yellow squash or zucchini we identify that grand prize gold prize and Linus they are the cultivars for yellow squash with with less more resist not resistant but less with more tolerance, because so far we don't have any cultivar of yellow squash and zucchini resistant to the insect or neither for the virus transmitted by the insect. Those want grand prize gold prize Linus were the one to perform the best as far as yellow squash. Why the SV 0914 the paycheck and the spinal is beauty where the coach bar from zucchini that the perform the best doing the white fly see. Remember, those are recommendations for the white flies season that's happened in the fall, if you're planting in the spring those two crops, there is a different recommendation, because as we have an increase in the resistant. Or intolerance to the insect and the virus, we will have a drop in yield, but it's still it's better to plant a resistant resistant variety than the one that you the best. So keep that in mind for this selecting for this spring and fall season. This is fall season. Tomatoes there are more the major problem that we have for tomatoes as far as some as the yellow as the white flight via transmitted virus is the tomato yellow leaf coral virus. There are several varieties resistant as far as the term that and in the term that tomatoes. So selecting the product the correct one is the first step for you for for the for a grow also selecting planting dates. Through the season, what we would we are recommending is the use of rope over and plastic mulching. As you can see here we have different rope overs as a past disclosure. Dr. A is our expert on the area. And he can say that it's important for you to do a rope overs to minimize the damage and you don't have to do it spring programs during that period. But you need to pay attention on when to remove that cover because if you are planting yellow squash and zucchini using rope overs, removing the plants can grow fast under that cover and then you're going to have plants falling from both sides because they don't have another they get spoiled and don't have enough anchoring so they don't sustain in the soil so keep that in mind. We did a try to compare rope over versus no cover and as you can see here, rope over increases our yield and that's because allowed increase in biomass accumulations. So, keeping that in mind rope over yes were the best option for us when we compare to no cover with spring programs. So that's what we are trying to educate growers to use. We have seen larger growers using that, which is the harder smaller growers so smaller growers that's a very good option and cost benefit for you for you guys. Also using plastic mulching we have recommended using silver plastic when compared to the white plastic usually installed during the summer so silver plastic also helps to minimize the white fly population so perhaps combining rope over and silver plastic is going to be our best option so far. As far as the spring program we have some products that we are recommending or that it's available right now that we have seen the top three here is our best selection so far they are considering new in the market, but they have been there for about a year or two, maybe maybe more, but they are the one who's showing best control, which means that there is not much resistance yet. But if growers continue to do spring every other day during the white fly season or twice a week, or three times a week, like you may control your white fly on that day, but under our population where we are counting per leaf more than 200 insects, like what about tomorrow they will come back. So you can make this become this, but then they will be back for this stage again in the next two days. So keep that in mind spring program. Yes, it's a good approach. You can control it. But what about tomorrow. So the take home that I would like to say for you guys today is that white fly, they are white flies are a test for vegetable production, don't get it wrong they can devastate crops management is required. And so far what we have the best to recommend and this plenty ahead planting dates, variety selection and the rotation of a rope over with a plastic mulching and then keeping your spring program might be your best options. Thank you.