 Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim, when Islamic Pakistan welcome back to our series regarding information and corruption and today we are going to talk about self-reporting, citizen reporting and media reporting. Now, these are all different forms of reporting and all of them have the responsibility to report any wrongdoing be it in the society, community, in institutions or anywhere around the world. It is extremely important that if you know about a crime then you must share it with the authorities because what happens is that if you do not share it then you basically become an accomplice and you can also be punished for not informing something which was detrimental to society and has a ripple effect across society and adversely affects the livelihood of millions and millions of people in any country that exists and especially more in the context of Pakistan. Now, when we are talking about self-reporting, some states have laws and incentives that encourage individuals to report on corruption even in our national accountability ordinance. We see that there is an article in which it is written that it is mandatory for anyone if they know that a crime is taking place then they have to port that particular crime and blow the whistle and they can also be protected for that. So that is something which is now gaining a lot of impetus around the world. Punishment for corruption can be severe and therefore penalty mitigation is a common incentive to encourage self-reporting. So it is always better that rather than waiting for someone if you have done something long it is better to report yourself because that would enable you to get a lot of good will and maybe a much lower sentence for whatever wrong that has been committed. Now, article 37 of the UNCAC required state encourages corruption offenders to self-report. So again what we see is that the state should be encouraging corruption offenders to self-report rather than someone going over to find what else they are doing. So they can tend to catalyze technology in a better way. They can take their own picture also and therefore that can be sent. Article 39 encourages the private sector to report on corruption and to cooperate with the authority. So this is also very critical that if the public sector only wants money but there is no one to give money then naturally there would be so many different complexities. So what has been said is that article 39 basically wants people to port corruption and to cooperate with authorities to whistle blowing and they can also be then rearranged and come under the witness protection program which also is a part in Pakistan. The challenge is the balance between the investigative benefits and the prosecution of persons. The United Nations Foreign Corrupt Practice Act creates a violation for failure to self-report corruption. So again self-explanatory that there are different platforms which can be utilized to promote what we call is self-reporting and it becomes an essential part of the community of society. And United Kingdom we see that self-reporting may obviate a criminal prosecution and limit penalties for the civil fine. So what we see is that in the UK you can reduce your prison sentence and also reduce any other issues of harassment could take place in the different prisons. In the US prosecutors are regularly more lenient in their charging and in Australia cooperation with law enforcement is also a common factor in the imposition of a more lenient sentence. So we basically see that all of this becomes very essential and in different countries there are different formats and different models but very similar to each other because the state has to take responsibility. In citizen reporting to help expose corruption members of the public can be instrumental in reporting on corruption through stand crime reporting channels or specialized anti-corruption bodies can establish dedicated reporting channels for corruption offenses or you could create accountability clubs or integrity clubs around the country and that would also tend to promote citizen reporting and make people more responsible and understanding what are the complications and implications without any fear of any repercussions because the most important thing is always to do the right thing and to ensure that there is a follow-through of what has been committed or what has been discussed. We also see that governments are acquired by article 13 of UN, TSE to inform the public about such anti-corruption bodies which we will know. Very famous social startup you can say is I paid a bribe in India which has more than 187,000 single reports by citizens and over 15 million visitors so again just the right sentence sometimes can create a lot of awareness and impact within a society. Now when we talk about citizen reporting then we can say that in Vietnam there is the M score and happen in the country has enabled citizen reporting and upon you Guinness we have phones against corruption so again very innovative so they take the drug and then give the person a phone and in Pakistan we have the Pakistan citizen portal which is being used a lot actually being overwhelmed what I have heard is but again unfortunately there is no investigation being done on the issues and there is just usually a very short order or very short answer to the queries that basically are raised to the different platforms. So this Pakistan citizen platform or portal is something very nice but maybe there is a great need for further advancement and also creating an awareness among the greater community so that other people can also wear the facilities which are over there and then there is a FIA cyber crimes complaint cell in which complaints related to the internet and social media are basically also all of these basically tend to facilitate the citizen recording concept within what we call the hierarchical process and ensures that there is better governance through all of this reports of corruption in the media can be used to gather more information about and evaluate incentives and then we also have the mosaic on CECA papers of 2016 which basically was beyond the penama documents and they were leaked and again that created a lot of confusion but it is the media's responsibility to ensure that there is no discrimination there is no bias it's above above the border can be an opinion but the fact should remain the same so that is very important in media reporting and therefore what we see is that media reporting and then individual reporting and also then institutional reporting all of them together create such an environment which would basically enable truth and honesty and those very strong values of making sure that the right thing is done because it is right that also then tends to prevail within society. Thank you so much.