 We're here at the ITU Play of Potentiary Conference 2014 in Busan in the Republic of Korea, and I'm very pleased to be joined by Dr Bashir Gwanda, who is Chairman of the Commonwealth ITU Group. Dr Gwanda, thank you very much for keeping with us today. Thank you very much, and good morning to you, and thank you very much for the invitation. It's very nice to see you in the studio. Nice to see you once again. I'd like to start off by talking about the Commonwealth ITU Group. Perhaps you could tell us a little bit about that, and as Chairman of it, what are the key takeaways for you so far from the Play of Potentiary Conference? Thank you. Now, the Commonwealth ITU Group is a group of 54 member Commonwealth countries. Commonwealth countries are not those in the Russian side, but the English Commonwealth, that is, 54 member countries. It was set up in 2002 to provide coordination when it comes to ITU activities. Heather, too, there was no such arrangement. We have many other Commonwealth bodies, but none focus on getting Commonwealth countries to coordinate between themselves, come up with positions that they can promote at their own positions towards any of the ITU conferences. Now, there are key advantages in doing that. We have identified that the Commonwealth countries are unique in the arrangement in that we are present in four regions of the ITU. We have countries in two countries in Europe, we have 18 countries in Africa, we have the Pacific, we have obviously South America. So all of these countries put together from the Commonwealth can actually promote any decision taken at the CIG to each of those regional organizations. So they provide a kind of platform to harmonize decisions easier when it comes to ITU conferences. So we have that unique position and the Commonwealth ITU group kind of provide that ability. It's similar to what you know as Africa Telecommunion that coordinates 50 member African countries. It's only that the Commonwealth is in different regions. So it has that advantage of having to influence different regional organizations. And what have been the key takeaways for you so far from this very presential conference? The key takeaway for me as Chamber of Commerce is that I am able to pick out, I mean there have been 106 or so policies that were made by different ministers during the conference. And each of those policies carries some information about a specific country, what they have been doing. So it's a sharing kind of opportunity where we can learn or we can pick certain things that are done well in some countries and then share them to our members. So we can, if you like, kind of form a good practice, a good practice basically in the area. ITU celebrating its 150th anniversary next year. What do you see as the key technological innovations of today that has been associated with the work of ITU? Well, to be able to answer that question, I have to look at you looking at the sectors. When the radio sector, obviously we have satellite is a great innovation, radio, television, all these are great innovations that have changed lives. We look at broadband, we look at big data or rather internet of things, all these ride on spectrum or on mobile broadband. So these are key innovations with respect to radio sector. Also, if you like, the standardization will have different protocols that are put together to allow communication between different networks and systems. That's another innovation that actually changed things. So the internet, broadband internet in particular, the internet of things, the, I mean, my cities that are coming through are all going to rely on the work of ITU. And the key work of ITU, of course, like I said, the spectrum that provides for broadband and the satellite. All these are key things that have changed the way we look at things. If you like 50 years or 60 years ago, we put our line on TV and radio, now we have the internet. There's so many and also the handset, we have smart handsets that now you can use. All these results primarily from the work of ITU. So I think, and these are things that have changed economies, changed social way, in the way we do, interact socially and change investment pattern. And in fact, education, health, management of transport, management of water, management of waste, all these actually take some benefit from the work of ITU in this era I've just mentioned. And what about policy enhancement or change that ITU members should be looking at currently and in the near future? Well, I think what the policy areas that we should look at is, if you like, how do we use all the things I've mentioned to promote better management of societies? We're going to have obviously mega cities in some places like Nigeria where I came from originally. How do we manage energy? How do we manage waste? How many of these things are policy areas that are obviously going to, if you like, in the future would be relevant? How do we promote broadband networks? And not only broadband networks, but next generation networks. The issues of 5G that is coming through, how do we address that? We're going to talk about IMT 2020. How do we plan for that? I mean, how are we going to plan, put ourselves in such a way that we can accommodate big data that we talked about? I mean, we're going to have to look at getting more spectrum available for all these services because obviously in some places where you don't have ground infrastructure, we're going to have to look at spectrum as what we should use for the last mile. We're going to have to look at investment in the infrastructure, fully see that promote investment in infrastructure to, if you like, one provide, for example, Fiverr, which was one of the technology I should have mentioned earlier, but Fiverr, I mean, if you get Fiverr across Angola, then we also have spectrum made available to Cata for all these services that are going to have, if you like, accommodate Internet of Things and Internet of Things, we're talking about millions or billions of devices interacting together. We're going to have to start our policy in such a way that is going to, Cata for this, is going to prepare our societies towards all of these new things that are coming through. So the policy is really one access, two providing infrastructure, three network, four broadband. I mean, five, we can have, if you like, I mean, money of critical infrastructure, all of these things are key. And of course, management of the Internet, making it, I mean, providing, if you like, environment for it to continue to grow in the way it's been growing over the last decade. The CIG has recently been a very active participant in ITO activities. What are the potential benefits of CIG to its member states? The benefit of CIG, so far, I can obviously think of many. I can mention a few. In the era of standardisation, we have provided a lot of benefit to member states. I think we have a uniquely place to bring benefits unlike other organs that are, because one, for example, CIG was key in the approach of the last spectrum allocation, that is 700 megahertz allocation. In 2007, I was obviously in the CIG and we did 800 megahertz allocation, which was also key. We also pursued satellite spectrum, if you like, making it easier for satellite coordination. CIG has provided a key input into that. CIG has also worked on standardisation aspect, the issue of environment, sustainable environment, the issue of even in charge, if you like, having similar in charge of the issue of involvement of academia. All of this really came from CIG, so we are well placed to help member states to actually promote a particular interest they have in the way it comes to ITU. No other organisation is well placed to do that as much as CIG, and we have been delivering on these areas, and we will continue to work on that, to bring people together to promote these kind of ideas. Very informative and comprehensive answers. Thank you very much indeed, Dr Bishop. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you very much. Most pleasure. Thank you.