 The review by European and American researchers focuses on extreme events, including climatic, seismic, and socioeconomic events and their causes and consequences. The theoretical aspects covered include time series analysis, extreme value theory, and deterministic modeling of extreme events through continuous and discrete dynamic models. Two important results are the complementarity of spectral analysis in terms of the continuous and discrete parts of a time series power spectrum and the need for coupled modeling of natural and socioeconomic systems. These findings have implications for studying and predicting natural hazards and their impacts on humans. This article was authored by M. Gill, P. U., S. Halligat, and others.