 Once again, my name is Harold Rhodes. I've worked with Summit Midstream over the last several years on various projects, the largest of those and the one that probably most are familiar with at Blacktail. Over the course of the last several years, one of the opportunities that have spawned or come from our continued effort at Blacktail is that we've been able to identify and have come to appreciate the need to develop additional remediation methods or techniques that could not only enhance the remediation and recovery of these impacted masses, but at the same time would potentially result in a significantly lower footprint due to the physical activity. That's one of the takeaways we've had from Blacktail, just due to the nature of the background soils in that area is that these historically saline sodic soils were very sensitive to equipment track and repeated use. What we've realized over time is that our physical presence has had from a surface standpoint had as great an impact today as some of the surface impacts that were directly related to the spill. So the focus here is on realization of alexis in a different method, but still within kind of that electro-kinetic umbrella. So when we look at the value of trying to develop new and better or improved remediation and methods or those processes, the available tools that we have, that's something that we always focus on. Whatever avenues we have, whether that be in this case, electro-kinetics or trying to improve, enhance our recovery systems and how we've done that historically, what we've found is that we can actually achieve and realize tremendous benefits, not only to the immediate area of impact, but the ecosystem in the case of Blacktail the entire Repairian area benefited greatly from us trying to revisit and adapt how our remediation efforts took place. My background historically, as it applies to the oil and gas industry is industry related during the construction, primarily in facilities in North Dakota, but at Blacktail, as we started looking at some of these innovative technologies and processes, the potential that electro-kinetics could be utilized or an electro-kinetic system could be utilized or developed based around the oil and gas industries, current corrosion control protection systems, specifically in this case, the utilization of a galvanic system and a sacrificial add-on. That was our focus at Blacktail and how we've approached it. That galvanic process develops or relies upon a current, a differential current between two dissimilar metals. In the case of Blacktail, what we utilized was the commonly or routinely available industry sacrificial anodes, which were magnesium-based and then our anodes, or excuse me, our cathodes, we actually used succorod, so salvage succorod, which was a very cost-effective dissimilar metal, in this case, also carbon steel. And then we relied upon the differential current between that magnesium anode and that carbon steel cathode. The same way that our corrosion systems within the oil and gas industry are trying to mitigate the negative effects of corrosion within their pipeline system, we were trying to leverage that same galvanic property or system to try and enhance our recovery of mass. In this case, trying to focus or increase the recovery of chlorides at the actual anode locations. I just spoke a little bit about this on kind of the site-specific conditions that occur at some of these areas. This photograph here is of Blacktail, and the area you can see to the right-hand picture is our cathode field. And there in the center, you can see our recovery point, which was our sealed pump suction. That pump suction enclosed within that pump suction was our sacrificial anode or the magnesium. When we looked at this specific area, what we were focusing on was the negative impacts that were resulting from an existing groundwater mass that was surfacing as a gaining area within the creek. And that can be seen as a slightly cloudy area right there in the middle of the creek just to the left of our pump suction. Following the installation of this system, we were able to largely mitigate any negative chloride-related impacts to the surface water in that area. However, we still have additional work to do to try and further enhance the recovery of the mass. But in this application, it was effective in mitigating that what we referred to as a hotspot or that gaining area in the creek where we were seeing a really strong, obviously negative connection to Blacktail Creek. When we look at that, that surface water and the available remediation tools or processes we have available, oftentimes the nature of the creek itself because it does contain a significant amount of or abundance of receptors, whether they be aquatic species, the terrestrial species, we have beaver back in the creek, muskrats, all kinds of fish and various aquatic species down to, you know, really thriving or I believe thriving macroinvertebrate community as well. In addition, one of the things that we looked at is how that system potentially could be utilized in such a way that we didn't create any further burdens to our landowners. That it would result in a relatively non-invasive footprint near the creek and that it could be effective without, you know, sacrificing a significant amount of the current land use or potential future land uses, which in this area now we've actually reintroduced cattle for grazing. That gaining losing stream condition that I referred to on an earlier slide is a product of groundwater elevation in combination with your surface water elevation. As the groundwater elevation exceeds or rises above the adjacent surface water concentration or surface water elevation, then you'll start to see groundwater actually gain into that creek. At the same time, you know, immediately following the original release, those losing areas were one of the areas to where that produced water as a result of the initial incident actually was introduced to the groundwater in various areas downstream. We look at all of that as far as that repairing and just to emphasize this once again is the galvanic system is a low impact system. During our initial response, a lot of the activities, the recovery that we relied upon required gas generators that were distributed everywhere. Of course, when we have these gas or diesel generators, then each one of those required service throughout the day to fuel up to ensure that we didn't have any leaks, oil leaks or springs with that. As we begin to transition towards more passive systems, a lot of things that we hadn't anticipated actually began to take place. One of those simply associated with that we no longer had gas generators scattered out all over the field. Once the site became quiet, it was amazing how quickly a transition or transformation began to take place and wildlife began to return. Intermittent, obviously at the beginning, but as we continued to make progress and the various surface water and soil quality continued to improve that these various, whether it was aquatic species or wildlife that they began to stay and we saw that more and more. I think that presence of wildlife, at least for us out in the field, was a significant turning point for us, not only from the project that we were starting to see just kind of a return to normal, to a certain extent, but also for all the men and women that we had working with us out there too, that once we saw that it felt good to see some of this actually coming back. I think that was an extraordinarily helpful motivation aspect. When we look at that as far as trying to recover the graphic here to the left or to the right, excuse me, focuses on how we're trying to approach these pockets. I think in one of the earlier presentations, this was touched upon as well as on a lease on how these various soil types are layered within the soil column and that it results in sometimes relatively small perched pockets of what potentially could have been that original mass or something similar to that, but that with time it becomes stagnant that they just hang out into these shallow pools just stratified down beneath the creek. I think the electrokinetics and looking at different ways to try and approach and recover, some of these remaining isolated masses that do exhibit a negative impact on surface water and or surface vegetation is kind of the impetus once again for here. So not only the electrokinetic aspect of it, but trying to develop different pumping methods and then also developing kind of the equipment platforms that could do this effectively. We look at it from a unit cost where the cost of labor equipment materials, if we can make a substantial improvement in that, then it allows us to deploy or install that system in that many more locations. The more locations that we can cover or potentially have a positive effect on during the project, it dramatically shortens the overall duration of the project. That site characterization, once again, it's one of the things that I touched upon earlier today is absolutely critical. Site characterization as well as delineation is continually evolving and is a critical aspect, not necessarily a phase, but a process that continues throughout the project. We are hyper aware of the significance and the importance of continued delineation and sampling throughout that project. And I think that habit that we've developed over the last several years has made it easier when we do look at it potentially something unique or a different way of approaching it that the field screening and analytical aspect of whatever process those habits have already been established. They're in the case of Black Tail Creek and one of the initial considerations that we had at Black Tail Creek was simply that the native or background Harriet Sternum soils did tend to be saline and sodic and they were very, very sensitive to traditional remediation methods. Unfortunately at Black Tail, a lot of these traditional remediation methods were implemented during that first six months. And in hindsight, we've realized that the time and effort involved in not only restoring those additional disturbances, but also the potential impacts to project progress was significant. So the soil compaction, surface disturbance, the accelerated trans evaporation, they were all negative side effects, not only of the original incident, but more so negative side effects of our physical presence and the work that we were doing. And I think that that was another example of how trying to develop something different, a different way to approach it wasn't something that we wanted to do, but literally something that we had to do. That available field data, similar to how we've approached the utilization of field screening for our day-to-day activities and how our recovery or our system infrastructure has operated, that available field data, as it would potentially apply to an electrokinetic system, what we were referred to or relied upon was the existing industry-based knowledge that specifically pertain to their corrosion systems. So the resistivity, current potentials in soil chemistry, we were comfortable that the understanding of potential changes, although there may be a significant, which there is a significant gap on our side on kind of the interpretation of our understanding of some of this data, that there were available field screening methods and parameters that could be utilized to actually monitor how a system would operate. This is the image on the left is the pump suction that we developed, what that included was a sealed container that would pull the potentially impacted water up through the bottom of it and then flow down through across the anode. When you look at the corrosion patterns on the anodes, you could actually see that was effective. So the water would be pulled in with the blue line up the edges of the casing and then drop down and flow along the sides of our anode. Our pump suction is the white line, which is a little bit hard to make out there, was actually located at the very bottom of the pump suction. So that was effective. Of course, because it was a galvanic system, we did rely on magnesium anodes. Our cathodes once again, were succorods and our pump sections are kind of laid out there from a design standpoint. And then in the case of these, we actually used a small diaphragm pumps to be able to pull water out of it. On the initial systems, our flow rates, we didn't have a lot of flexibility in the flow rates. So our actual recovery rates would average anywhere from two to two and a half gallons per minute. We did cycle those pumps on and off to try and further reduce that. I do think we have some interesting new pump or water recovery methods now that could provide even more flexibility. This is a resistivity map of the area of our field. Each one of these numbers, this is one third of the cathode field that was seen in an earlier photograph. As the resistivity drops, then conductivity is increasing. We have several images that visually depict this, but in this instance, the recovery point is located in the lower right-hand corner just to the North cathode field. And you could actually see that how over time it actually developed that conduit or preferential path. This is more conceptual as we were initially beginning to look how we could approach it, how the installation of the cathodes, if the cathodes could be moved, if potentially we could in a condition where we didn't have optimal soil moisture or groundwater presence, could we actually combine or introduce and infiltrate through the cathodes to actually create that field towards our recovery points and or anodes. Now I'm up to you. So this is an onsite characterization of a remediation effort that we have been conducting over the last couple of years. So to begin, we characterized it with an EM survey resistivity survey. And then we did an HPT push, which is a direct push that will help you characterize and determine the soil that you're gonna be dealing in and characterize the areas that you've got impacts in. So we did that first. Here you can see the lines for the resistivity. You can see the hotspots of where the release and impacts settled into the groundwater. This is the groundwater remediation. We put in stealing wells in order to characterize the hydrological gradient. So we knew which way that preferential path was gonna be of that, our impacts moving. Now you can see that it's bisected by a seasonal crick. So we have gaining and losing, as Harold had mentioned in his slides throughout that. If you see the arrows here, where they're on your left, we've got August and then obviously March earlier. So we characterize it twice to see what our changes were and developed our system to accommodate that. So we have three areas, area three, four and five. Five being across the seasonal crick. These wells were put in six to 10 feet of depth keying in on where our impacts were, where groundwater was. So our recovery effort was optimized. So right here shows part of the technology that we're in. It's not all perfect. We're working at optimization and how to better recover the fluid. Obviously the effort is higher concentrations of impacts, lower volumes of water. And so we're mitigating how much water we're taking out of the system, but in effect, removing our impacts out or the released impacts. Right here you can see the top is looking at the anodes. The cathodes. Your cathodes bring your sodium and your chloride will migrate to your anodes. We do a really good job. You can move sodium quickly through the system. And the anodes, so it's electro osmosis and electro migration. I need to explain that. So the electro osmosis is your movement in your water, of your water, and then your migration, electro migration is your ion to the anode and cathode. We're getting that the chlorides heading to the anode for removal, but we are not able to get them all the way into that well. They're mounting, as you can see in the slide. That round signifies your sodium buildup within centimeters of your well. But part of that is where we're moving forward to. How do we get that all to the well? What concentration can we get out? Is 80% a number, 75% a number, but we know we get it there, but we lose that flow. Part of the reason with that anode side, you're moving that, those chlorides, up gradient, away from preferential groundwater movement. So you're moving them up, so you've got to overcome that natural force with your electrical migration. Sodium comes out quickly, but we have seen that right at the, at the wells. We've got a, you know, it settles there too. You get a lot of dispersion at the wells because of that high sodium settle in there and the swelling and breaking of your soil structures. So this is a table just shows, this is in pounds recovered of what we've done just through the electrokinetic system. This, so obviously there was more released for pounds than this, but that was taken out with sumps and different methods. So we keyed in on just what has been taken out with our electrokinetic system. So in that table, you can see that 4,100 pounds of sodium chloride removed out of just that.