 Thanks for joining us here in Geneva for the AI for Good Global Summit 2018. My next guest is Renato de Castro. He's a smart city expert. Hi, Charlotte. Thank you very much for joining us. Great pleasure. So, smart cities, it's a movement, so how does AI fit in with your vision? Yeah, well, smart city, first of all, is not just the use of technology, but society is evolving to a new perspective of economy. We're talking about the creative economy, sharing economy, circular economy, the process of co-creation. Embedding AI on this process can really empower citizens to have a more active voice in the decisions of the city. So I think that that is the core point that we've been discussing here in this event. And can you share concrete examples with us, for instance? Yeah, well, we came with a new concept yesterday. In the track of smart cities, there are a lot of space now for what we are calling empowerment as a service. It's exactly the—well, use technology to create apps, to give more opportunity for people and also to save or to solve very important problems. We saw, for example, a project yesterday for gender abuse, and they are doing their in South Africa. So the women, they have this app that not only—it's like a chatbot that talk to them when they have this kind of problem and help them to identify or to clarify that this is exactly a problem, because in some cultures, the abuse can also be misunderstood in a different way. It's cultural, but abuse, we have already a global understanding about this. So the chatbot, the artificial intelligence is helping women to get aware about this problem and also to report the problem. Because AI is only one of the different sets of technologies you can be using to deliver this smart city vision. There are plenty, and they all have to converge and get together to basically make people's lives easier, right? Yeah. Well, I have a romantic definition about smart cities, because there are a lot of technical definitions. My opinion is smart city, or under the perspective of the citizens, smart city are places where everything seems to be conspiring to make your life better. You even don't need to understand what is behind, what are the technologies being used, but you feel that your life is better than it was before, and that's smart city. Yeah. Well, talking about the technologies, it's not just AI, but we have blockchain now being applied also for smart city. Well, all the concepts of machine learning, machines can help us to structure better our lives and mainly to find the patterns in data that we are creating in order to solve problems. We are forecasting from 2015 to 2020, 370,000 people will be great daily. So these will potentialize all the urban problems that we have. And in the other way, we also are forecasting that by 2020, we are going to have almost 50 billion connections, 50 billion things and people connected. In 2008, the number of connected things already bypassed the number of connected people. So how to put everything together to make our life better? That was the goal of yesterday in our track. You've touched upon an important aspect of smart cities as well, and it's true, because you've mentioned sensors and data gathering. Smart cities, yes, but it has to be done with the engagement and the consent of citizens, hasn't it? That's important. Definitely. And there is a very important discussion about how to rule it, how to create the standards to make these, because at the end of the day, all the data are online and they are related to our geographical area called cities, but they are available to everyone. So we need to start having some global standards and that is exactly the right house to be discussing about this, ITU, because ITU understand what's happening in the world as a big picture. And ITU has come yesterday with a very interesting project in our track about the KPIs for smart cities. So how to analyze if the projects that you call smart cities are bringing really real results or social impact or real impact for the citizens and for the economy. So that's why it's important for someone like you to be here at a multi-stakeholder platform, not just to share ideas and meet people, but to actually come up with creative and innovative solutions on the ground. I'm very honored to be here. If I have to define myself or my role in this process, maybe I'm trying to be the one in the middle of the stakeholders translating different language, political language to citizens' language to, well, private sector language, who should be doing smart cities, not the governmental money, but also the private sector, because at the end of the day cities are markets, so the PPPs and all these tools that we are using now is very important to attract investments to smart cities, but putting all these stakeholders in the same level of discussion, maybe having governments as the stakeholders that are leading, but it doesn't mean that they are on the top of the relationship. So citizens, NGOs, university, academia is very, very important in this process to hot-fire and to create the new technologies and governments and citizens, at the end of the day, everyone is a citizen, right? The mayor is a citizen, the professor is a citizen, so yeah, it's really important to bring to the human perspective. Renato de Castro, thank you very much. Great pleasure.