 Yn ddweud hynny, hens Hopihe has kindly invited me to speak to you on the subject of the global bell curve. So we will come to this in a minute or two. But first of all I must explain what is this thing, the global bell curve? Well let's get rid of this term global. I explained the bell curve. The bell curve describes the distribution of intelligence in a population. Gy ceiling are the people, some people are intelligent other people are intelligent, and this is distributed rather like height according to a bell curve, some people are tall and other people are short. is it the intelligence? Intelligence is the ability to learn rapidly, sometimes difficult material, and retain this and also the ability to solve problems when they are presented to you. So some people are better at this,probably intelligent people and other people are not so good at this. Ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch, a ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn 100, ond mae'r rhai yn ymgyrch yn 70, a 130. Y 2% o'r cyd-diw yn ymgyrch yn 70, a dydyn nhw'n mynd i'r cyd-diw, a ddannu'n 2% o'r cyd-diw yn 130. Mae'r rhai cyfryl, a'r sydd yn bwysig i'ch gael y bydd ychydig ar gyfer hynny. Gydigolio i chi'n ffordd hynny. Felly ydych chi'n ddefnyddio'r gweithio'r myfr? Felly ydych chi'n ddefnyddio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio? Mae yma yma eich ceir ydych chi wedi'u hwnnw, ei geithreithu am y lleolau ei gyfrifiadu'r cyfrifiadu dechegetaeth. Mae'r problemau cy kerfwyr wrth cymryd anhygoelol, i'r rhannu cynnig wedi gyda gael gan awr iawn, dyna'r problem honiad, debyg pa David Lang. Beth rheson rhai oed yn ei placef? Mae mae rhaid oed yn ymddangos. Felly yn gweithio ar y tŷ sydd hyn. Mae'n gweithio ar y ychydig ymddangos, rhaid oed yn gweithio ar yr tŷ. Mae mae'r gweithio ar y tŷ, rhaid oed yn gweithio ar y tŷ. Mae'r gweithio ar yr ysgolr ar y tŷ. problem which economists have been concerned with and as I say also historians here. Now our leftist friends have a standard answer to this problem. They say the reason is that we whites are not very nice people and we discriminate against the browns and the blacks. We don't really like them. So we don't give them jobs so they remain poor. Well if there's legislation to ensure that we do have to give them jobs we only give them low level jobs where they're poorly paid and once we've got the employment we don't promote them so they remain poorly paid. So that is a standard leftist social science answer to this question wherever it's raised in any countries and of course there are a lot more of these people that is the general consensus view I suppose in social science. Nevertheless there are people who have descended from this. They say oh no no we don't dislike these people we're not prejudicing against them it's not that. The problem is the problem lies in them. They have some deficit. Something inside them that stops them earning as much money as we do and we even had the President Barack Obama take this very view a few months ago when he addressed the black youth in the United States and he said look I know what the attitude is very prevalent among you lads you don't like working in school you think that's a whitey thing working in school so you dissociate yourself from it but that's all wrong. You should be working like I did and Michelle we worked hard at school you should adopt us as your role model you work hard and then you'll do like us and maybe get to Harvard or some lesser place perhaps but nevertheless you'll do well. So change your attitude boys that was his message and he's on our side in this issue. Well there is this minority of social scientists generally right-wing social scientists who say that the answers problem is not that we discriminate against these people but they have some deficit. The nature of this deficit is not very widely explored so my agenda is to promote the idea that this is an intelligence deficit and the reason that we are rich and they are poor is that we are more intelligent than they are. Now this view was you can you could adopt you can tackle this problem within countries take one country in the United States or wherever or you can look at it between countries and say well why are the European peoples rich and these other nations, brown skin and black skin nations poor and this by the global bell curve which I have here the publisher is with us today Richard Spencer if anyone would want to look at this in detail this is really a sequel a global bell curve to the book just called The Bell Curve by Richard Harnstein and Charles Murray published in 1994 in that book they presented a racial hierarchy in the United States of IQs of the different racial and ethnic groups and then they presented the earnings and similar rate of phenomena, social economic status educational attainment of the races now the results of that, it was set out in that book was the fact that the Jews are the people with the highest IQ they have an IQ of 110 and the highest earnings the highest social economic status other indices of intellectual attainment winning Nobel prizes and everything below then come the northeast Asians the Chinese, the Koreans and the Japanese the IQ of 105, they are the next best they become the whites, IQ of 100 then quite a long drop here to the Hispanics with their IQs of 87 and below them the blacks complete linear relationship between these variables as I said well this is the answer to this problem the reason some people do better they are more intelligent than others so this my subject of presentation the global bell curve examines this question all over the world hence the global and the question is does this same hierarchy appear elsewhere in the world and the answer is it does look at some 14 nations or aggregations of nations like Latin America, Caribbean we find the same hierarchy everywhere wherever you look it's always the mongoloid peoples that we call them in classical anthropology Japanese, Chinese and Chinese together with the European peoples who come to top of these hierarchies wherever they are and then the brown peoples white often mixed race peoples such as Latin America or Caribbean and we move letters whites, black mixes, mestizos whites, native American Indians mixes and then we have the pure blacks and whites come at the bottom of these hierarchies we see that everywhere as I say in Latin and Caribbean variants of these hierarchies appear in different places for example in Southeast Asia Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand we have apart from in Singapore we have smallish minorities Chinese but they have much more they are much more intelligent than the indigenous populations so they do much better in terms of earnings and possession of wealth control of the banks and the big companies they do much better even though they are quite small minorities of the population in Indonesia they are much 2% of the population but there in Thailand about 10% of the population but they are immensely powerful so this is rather discomforting to the discrimination problem discrimination answers this problem it is not possible for 2% of the population in Indonesia to discriminate against the native peoples they are not powerful enough nor even in Thailand but it is just through their own abilities that they have acquired this powerful position so 10 years ago I decided with Tattree Van Halen a collaborator in Finland to political columnist to collaborate with him to examine this question of whether the same differences would appear when we look at nations not within nations but we look at nations so the division of labour here was that Tattree Van Halen would do all the economic detail of it and I would gather the IQs of nations to see then we would look at the two and see whether the IQs of nations would predict the per capita incomes of the populations of these nations just as it is the case within nations so I can move on here well have you ever heard about this thing hang on, hang on, hang on okay so I could result of my collected IQs all over the world and I summarise these in this IQ world map and this IQs of nations are set on 100 for Britain and these are slightly although all European nations have an IQ of around 100 it is the same metric as we use within nations if you see that China is a bit darker red and the same is true of these other mongoloid peoples in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea and Singapore they have an IQ of 105 exactly the same difference as was found within nations in the United States so they are these mongoloid peoples I know they are the one I am too present but I speak for our European audience here they are a bit more intelligent than we are and then we have a band running across North Africa into the Middle East, India through to South East Asia and the IQ is about 85 and it drops to sub-Saharan Africa of around 70 then these IQs are 100 are present among the European peoples wherever they are in North America in Australia and in the southern parts of South America Argentina, Uruguay and Chile they are all about the same as you go north from Brazil Ecuador, Paraguay and these places dropped because these are mixed race peoples generally with white minorities so it is an average depending on how much what the mix is in these places so having got the IQs contributed by me and the Pair Caper Incomes contributed by my collaborator Teddy VanHannon we've run correlation fees too we've run correlation of about 0.68 the IQs have explained quite a lot but they mean so totality of these differences between nations in Pair Caper Income I've just been reminding you of of course as I was saying the problem goes back centuries and Adam Smith of course is concerned with this problem in his famous book The Wealth of Nations in which he said one of the things that it turns into why some countries are rich and some are poor is that some countries have a well functioning market economy with the rule of law and property rights and attendant constituents of a well functioning market economy those countries do well and are rich these countries that have various kinds of poorly functioning market economies are poor so we can all live with that there's no problem with that and this is another major contributor of course to the answer to this question why are some countries rich and others poor so we see really two major factors that determine whether a country is rich or poor or somewhere in between one is they have a well functioning market economy the other is that they have high or low IQs so this is our general conclusion here we also add in natural resources as some rather more minor component but in some cases an important contributor to the wealth and poverty of nations or some countries like the ways of this example the IQ is quite modest they have that well functioning market economy so they are rich so they have a per capita income just much the same as we have in Western Europe the correlation across nations between IQ and GNI is between gross national income at PPP purchasing power parity is the correlation of 0.6H meaning IQ contributes about half the variability in per capita income so we think we have achieved here an integration of the social sciences of economics and psychology as Hans Hoppe said in his introductory remarks this morning economics is the queen of the social sciences so I'm happy I'm happy with that and I say psychology is the king of the social sciences but this is I'm not implying that the king is anyway superior to the queen this is a marriage between equals and we hope that we have brought them together this will be a successful marriage and they will have many progeny will be produced as a result of this integration of these two sister social sciences now there have been some particularly our friends on the political left have not been very happy with this analysis it's all, you know, more IQs these are you say these are genetically based really these IQs so this means there are genetic differences between these peoples well that's not very good news for us we aspire to a world in which everyone is equal or generate these inequalities between people can be reduced so we're not so happy about this so we had a certain amount of criticism as you might imagine from these this analysis so these are the objections this is racist I suppose it is so racist yes well there are we are talking about facts here not ideology there are these race differences in intelligence well understood they have a genetic basis race differences in brain size for example which are exactly the same as these race differences in IQs the Mongoloid peoples have the largest brains and the Europeans and brain size decreased and brain size is one of the contributors contributing to IQ we've got a big brain and we've got a higher IQ so that's one objection and then the others the data are questionable this is what you might call nitpicking objections someone would say well this IQ you've got for Indonesia 84 that's all derived from one city in Indonesia that's a big country of 120 million how can you be sure that this city is representative of the total population of Indonesia so all I can say as far as why shouldn't it be well you can't say much more than that so the critics nitpick these various things you can go through them all and question this one and that one and the other and say they rise as all rubbish and stuff maybe we're lucky here we were extremely lucky because after we published this book in 2002 the OECD Organization of Economic something in development a well respected body perhaps not among us here but so much but nevertheless a reputable body took it upon themselves study the educational achievement as they called it in a number of countries 180 in all we studied came out in 2003 and 2005 after we published our book and they studied the 15 year olds very well drawn samples in all these countries in reading comprehension in mathematics comprehension and in science comprehension and these are really IQ tests all they're very close to IQ tests all they're very very close to IQ tests there's no real distinction between an IQ test which contains in it items of this kind and these educational tests these educational tests are curriculum free they measure general understanding of the principles not of where they happened to have studied calculus in one country or another the object of this was to see which countries do better and others and then try and figure out why this would be does it depend on the size of the classes or the qualifications of the teachers we could go with all these things and then we could find out why some schools do better some countries do better and others do worse and if the ones that don't do so well can copy these ones they can reduce their class size so they produced all this for 108 nations so what I had to do was to look at these and look at them in relation to the IQ data and it was also exactly the same as correlation of one across these countries so this validates our IQ data and confounds our predicts so we think we've really established now as we have these two totally different lines of evidence on these IQ differences between peoples this must now be accepted as a fact that our leftist friends will have to come to terms with of course they will find it painful to do so with their aspirations for an equal world so this eventually I think the evidence is so strong both between nations here and within nations that they will come to accept this that it will take some time but eventually they will come to accept this because the truth triumphs in the end or as our ancestors in medieval Europe used to say magna est veritas et privalabit Thank you gentlemen and ladies