 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education, I am Dr. Dashmissing, Assistant Professor Department of Education, this is Kanna Girls 2D College, University of Allahabad. And in the series of discussing issues on distance education, firstly I have discussed distance education, its meaning, nature, meaning, need and scope, then I have discussed distance education in India, its history and its assumptions and principles and in this row, now I am discussing the concept of open school and open university. So the lecture will be in bilingual mode as usual and it must be useful for all of us. First of all, open school, this is Muktu Vidyalay, in Hindi we will say Muktu Vidyalay, so we will see in the Indian language, so what is Muktu Vidyalay? Openness for whom? The National Institute of Open Schooling, which is now known as NIOS, you will hear a lot of names, you will see banners, posters, advertisements, the National Institute of Open Schooling, formerly as National Open School was established in November 1989 as an autonomous organization in pursuance of NPE 1986 by the Ministry of Education, G.O.I. which is now known as NIOS, NIOS provides several vocational life enrichment and community oriented courses besides general and academic courses at secondary and senior secondary levels. In the name of school, it manages the schooling at secondary and senior secondary levels and provides vocational courses, life enrichment, community oriented courses, and general and academic courses. It also offers elementary level courses through its open education program and elementary level courses also run in open school. Our educational planners looked for new alternative approaches for providing access to education for those who wanted to continue their education. At the school level, correspondence education was first introduced in 1961. It was felt that the OLS, Open Learning System at the school level could meet the challenges of bringing unschooled children and adults within the fold of education. As a result, the order to start an OLS at the school level surfaced in 1974 at the Royal Conference of the International Council for Correspondence Education held in New Delhi. In 1979, the Open School was set up as a project of the CBC Delhi and the Central Board of Secondary Education in Delhi started the Open School in 1979. The Open School was not an examining body at that time. It was conducted by the CBC and its examinations were conducted by the CBC and its examinations were conducted by the CBC only. But in 1989, when the OLS was being made, it was upgraded and made an autonomous institution and it was empowered. It was made possible by the CBC and the Central Board of Secondary Education. So, the mission of OLS is to provide relevant continuing and developmental education to prioritized client groups in response to the assessed needs of the people through an open learning system at a school stage. This is an alternative to the formal system and thus made its contributions to it. This is the alternative to the formal system. And in which the OLS is called Universalization of Education. We have talked a lot about the UEE, Universalization of Elementary Education. So, Universalization of Secondary Education and now the Universalization of Higher Education is being discussed. So, this gave us the OLS that we were able to provide education. Gender Equity and Justice in Society, greater equity in society. And the evolution of the learning society. And we contribute to the development and evolution of the society. So, how equity and justice will come to society when all of them will be taught. So, the disadvantages of the remote areas, the tribal areas, these are the advantages of teaching. And when everyone will learn about this, we will be able to talk about the learning society, the knowledge society. And the OLS was designed, developed and delivered high quality academic programs as well as courses in professional areas like computer applications, word processing and secretarial practices. Means, not just general or academic courses, there are many types of courses that OLS launches, designs, develops and delivers. So, what are the two courses? General Educational courses and Vocational or Life Enrichment courses. Vocational education is offered at secondary and senior secondary levels. Life, enrichment and continuing education courses are addressed to the general public in those in various areas of it. Okay. Means, these general education courses will run or vocational or life enrichment courses will run. And what does this do? The NOS is playing the lead role in developing a network of open schooling channels in the country. And as a result, several state, open schools and state centers for open schooling have come up in various states. The features of open learning in NOS guarantee the following. They say that NOS has given the lead role. There are a lot of courses that are running. So, many states have initiated it. And it is running at its state level as well as open schooling. And if NOS is there, what kind of a guarantee does it take? National Open School. Easy access to education. It will reach education easily. Expanded base of education. The foundation of education will be established. Ensures better coverage. It will cover more students. Education supports to dropouts. The ones who are left behind in their studies will be supported in their education. Okay. And one more thing. Common wealth of learning. C.O.L. Common wealth of learning was established by common wealth heads of government in 1987 to support and expand the use of open and distance learning to increase opportunities for education and training in developing countries. That is, in the developed countries, in order to increase the use of open and distance learning opportunities, in 1987, common wealth heads of government established common wealth of learning. C.O.L. embarked on this work in open schooling in 1994. And in 1984, he started working at open schooling. Over the last 30 to 35 years, the development community has focused much of its work on increasing access to basic education. And in the next 35 years, First, there was Jomti and World Conference that launched UNESCO's Education for All. Whenever we talked about inclusive education, then we talked about EFA. In 1990, EFA came into being, Education for All. It has appraided that we have to take everyone with us. We have to leave no one behind. We have to teach everyone. So, everyone can't learn from the beginning. That's why the concept of Open Learning and Distance Learning is more advanced. And set the goal of universal primary education to be attained by the year 2020. The year 2020 has passed. But then it was believed that we will be able to give primary education or elementary education to everyone in 2020. So, this is the concept of Open Schooling. We have NOS in 1989. It is now called NIOS. What are its needs and needs? I have discussed this with you. Now, let's talk about Open University. So, it is not only Open University. It is also Open University. The first educational commission set up in independent India, the University Education Commission, which is also called Radha-Krishnan Commission, which was established in 1940. In 1999, it submitted its report. It says in its report that the democracy depends for its very life on a high standard of general vocational and professional education. It is said that people can only be independent. It is said that when a very good, high quality, high standard of a high standard of general vocational and professional education is provided there, the dissemination of learning, the incessant search for new knowledge and increasing efforts to plumb the meaning of life, the provision for professional education to satisfy the occupational needs of our society and the vital tasks of higher education. That is, there is a lot of pressure and dissemination. There is a lot of new knowledge. There is a lot of media. We want to explore the meaning of life. We want to satisfy the occupational needs of professional education. These are the vital tasks of higher education. The solution to the problem of the continuing inadequacy of educational facilities and inequity in educational opportunities lay not within the framework of the conventional, classroom-centered educational system, but outside it. It is said that the continuing inadequacy of educational facilities and inequity in educational opportunities lay not within the framework of the traditional, conventional, classroom-centered educational system, but outside it. It was in the third five-year plan, 1961-66. Please note that this is the first time that the third year of the year has been discussed in the corresponding education. Whether it is after the Open University or after the Open Schooling, it is said that the first time is after the Open Schooling or after the Open Schooling. The Planning Commission took a serious note of the need for correspondence education and at that time, Yujna Ayub thought that she needed four-page education. Then, after that, there are two reports. In 1975, a five-year committee report came and after that, there is the establishment of the Open University in India. I have given an E here. In the previous video, I did not give a text, but I gave it in the description box. So, the committee report in 1975 came surveying the scene of higher education in India. The committee observed that the resources available for higher education to cope with such a tremendous expansion are comparatively limited, leading to the lowering of standards and other undesirable results. In such a situation, it was natural that the committee strongly recommended the starting of a national Open University. That is, the committee reports that when it surveyed the higher education in India, the resources are less and the expansion is increasing and our standards are decreasing and there are many unwanted results that should not happen. So, it strongly recommends. It strongly recommends that a national Open University should start. In this way, the State Government of Andhra Pradesh established the first Open University. So, the government of Andhra Pradesh established the first Open University in 1982. The name of which was later was made by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University. In the same way, you are being ignored later. On November 14, 1964, Srimati Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister stated, we must bring education to all parts of our country and all sections of our people, especially the weaker sections and those who have so far been underprivileged. In 1964, Srimati Indira Gandhi said that our endeavour is that in India. The poorest, the most backward children receive the best possible education. We are here to take a step forward in this direction today. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. The National Open University opens in 1982 in Andhra Pradesh, which is later called the B.R. Umbedkar Open University. After that, it opens in 1985. After which, in 1964, Shri Mati Dira Ghani did it. And then in September 20, 1950, the foundation stone of the organization is kept. In 1986, the National Policy on Education also said that life-long education is the cherished goal of the educational process. The opportunities will be provided to the youth, housewives, agricultural and industrial workers and professionals to continue the education of their choice at the pace suited to them. At the same time, it is said that the housewives who are young, who work in the industry, who want to continue their education according to their pace, for all of them, life-long education is a very good goal for all of them. The future must be in the direction of open and distance learning. Since its inception, IGNU is the harbinger of a new system of education in India. It has to serve the purpose of developing a more responsive and relevant system of education through its emphasis on innovation, cost-effectiveness, absence of rigidity and social involvement. If you have ever done a course with IGNU, or if you have ever studied any self-learning material of IGNU, then it is a very good material. You should definitely do a course with IGNU. They have very good services. They always have a very good name for the National Open University of Indira Gandhi. We all should read something from there. These good courses and good materials will be enjoyed. If you really want to read something, you will really enjoy it. So, the objective of the academic program is that IGNU was conceived as an instrument of democratizing education, i.e. to promote education for the people of education. That is, it will be taught to everyone. To advance and disseminate learning and knowledge by a diversity of means, including communication technology. For the advancement of knowledge, for the transmission of knowledge, this communication technology will be used to provide opportunities for higher education to a large segment of the population. We can teach a large part of the population through it, and we can increase the educational well-being of the community, and to encourage the Open University and distance education system through the educational pattern. In the country and in India, it is the objective of the IGNU to provide more support to the students from far away. This is the purpose of the IGNU, and it is successful in this regard. This is all about open schooling and open university in India. We must be aware about it, and we must enroll in any of the courses provided by IGNU, because they are really such good courses. So, thank you, and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.