 Hello everyone, welcome to this course on NPTPSing on Rural Water Resources Management. This is a very first course on Rural Water Resource Management and especially here because there are a lot of need statements for managing water resources in India, especially I am Professor Peninsular Samy from Center for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas located in Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. It is a very unique department only focusing on rural areas and finding new technologies and science for better application in rural regions. So the first week of the lecture would happen from today and the first lecture would be on trying to sensitize the topic why this topic is needed and what would be covered in the 12 weeks from now. I would be using a lot of my personal experiences as a hydrologist for which I have graduate degrees, double master's in physics. So it helped me a lot to understand the physics behind water management and physics behind my PhD was focusing on surface hydrology of both these two systems and interactions between them. Also I looked into nutrient dynamics microclimate and to map all these I learned GIS and remote sensing. Sometimes a good understanding of hydrology running hydrological models and where there's no data and if you'd like to see hydrological models are used. In this course we'll be focusing most on what I did for my PhD in hydrology for water management. My research profile after my PhD I moved it as a post-doctoral fellow for Ashok Ashok University research and ecology environment in Bangalore. Then I was a researcher for international water management student in Sri Lanka where I focused on groundwater remote sensing and water budgets which we've been covering through this. And also I looked at a lot of climate change scenarios and adaptation and mitigation to climate change. These are really really important terms at least in the current scenario in India where climate change extremes are happening and we need to know how to adapt mitigate and preserve and conserve the water resources. Then I was a senior researcher in Nanyar Technological University Singapore where I did some flood prediction models and also ran some climate change scenarios. I'm currently also a visiting scientist with NM Subbler Foundation in Dhaho, Gujarat and also a visiting professor in University of Oulu Finland. This is a general overview of my personal curriculum or CV and what I have come across to teach in this little water resource management. My introduction I would like to also introduce my team is that would be guiding you through the course. They would also be on communication through the networks that have been given to you. For the first team would be Mr. Fana who is also my PhD student at SIDA. He has a policy social science background from TIS and he's also hydrologist and a GIS remote sensing person. His research is on lake restorations and rural lakes in India. The second TA would be Mr. Mohammad Kasim Khan. He is a technocrat. He is more into IT and since we are getting a lot of data for rural water management his research area focuses on how to manage these water resources using big data IoT and CT tools. Some of them would come across this lectures but most importantly these two people or TAs would be helping you throughout the course. The other things which are much more important than the lectures and the TAs would be the books and you'll be following most of these books in the lectures. I'll give you the citations where I'll be using them. The first book would be the groundwater book from Professor Preece. Preece is a pretty well-known person across the world for groundwater and this book has been used as the dominant resource for everything regarding the groundwater. Since this course focuses on rural water resource management groundwater management is key for the course so maybe going through this book a lot. Next book would be principles of hydrology. We'll be using these books to understand some hydrological principles and how these react in the field can be taken up by physical hydrology from Dingman. Most of the information I've taken and put in the lectures so if you do not have access to the books you could still follow through the lectures for your homeworks for your and other other aspects and exams and etc. You'll also be using introduction to hydrology. All these are kind of introduction or one-on-one process for hydrology water resource management and then a little bit of groundwater aspects would come from books like applied hydrology from. So these books are pretty well known across international forums. Coming to the Indian hydrology and a lot of Indian material I've used Professor Raghunath's book hydrology principle analysis and design. So this book has been widely cited and it has a lot of information on the local Indian region about hydrology, the water budgets, what kind of systems have been used in India, the traditional methods and a lot of equations for spill engineers to estimate the hydrological components. Along with this I would also be sharing information from my field notes again as I showed in my personal introduction even though I am a hydrologist and modeling in GIS person I've done more work on the ground. So a lot of field experiences, field notes from my work in the rural region and also work from NGOs would be used here because a lot of the work from NGOs, non-governmental organizations do not end up as books and papers either they don't have time or it is not a mandate for them to write these. So these end up as documents and these documents I would be using are documentary videos etc. So these materials I'd be using across the lectures so that you can understand from a ground person, the NGOs work on the ground how they manage these water resources sustainably. So let us move to the course introduction and topics to be as I said why is this course important it is because the importance put on water resources. Water has been and is the most important of the reasons why people go in such a water for other plants is because it is the driver. It is a very important source and especially for rural regions where livelihoods are dependent on water. Urban cities maybe it is not it is only for domestic use but when you go to rural regions what resources are key for livelihoods also. The importance in India we'll be covering this and this is where this course is very important India is still an agrarian nation which means most of the livelihood is either directly or indirectly related to agriculture and since agriculture happens in rural villages most of it we are looking at how to manage rural water resources. As I said the focus would be mostly on rural India and some some examples would come from like main water harvesting might come from cities and and other perspectives but most of these lectures would be with this I would like to go into what we'll be covering per week and in the first week we'll be looking at the course introduction which is going through five week topics. This builds the interest of why to understand or go through these lectures and what to expect taking up the lectures into modules and each module will be explained today in this lecture and you could build an expectation on what to expect and also what notes you need to refer. Most importantly we'll be looking into the hydrological cycle. This is the key for understanding that in the first week. So as promised we'd look at what you could expect for the weeks to come. Week one would be discussing about importance of water resource management in India which is why do we need to have water resource management in India in scenarios both in urban and rural setting? Why is the importance much more needed now especially in COP26 scenarios? Then we would go into the introduction of the hydrological cycle which is the base for understanding the water resources in any region be it urban or rural any region we need to understand the hydrological cycle and how they are represented. So this would be gone through in detail in week one. Please understand that there are multiple components in the hydrological cycle what makes the hydrology but we will only focus on the most important ones due to the length of the course and what is important for rural water management in India. I divided based on the need for rural water management and also based on the course structure. I've divided the next two weeks debating and discussing the key hydrological parameters. So we would have a set of five to six parameters in week one and then in week three we would go into more on the hydrological parameters the more important ones. The first week or the second week we would go through some basic hydrological parameters which would lead into the secondary or more important hydrological parameters in week three four would go into introduction to groundwater hydrology. So this is a little bit different from the hydrological cycle. The hydrological cycle would encompass the entire hydrology at a given location not only the groundwater but when we zoom into the groundwater hydrology we would get into much more which may not be represented in the overall hydrological cycle one of the things is like infiltration, percolation etc. Why this is important to understand is because it gives a more better understanding of rural water management. Most of rural India is still dependent on groundwater for irrigation so it is very important to understand the groundwater hydrology for the rural setting. So hydrology is the movement of water the study of the movement of water and the first couple of weeks we'll be looking at the overall hydrological cycle and then we'll be focusing very very narrowing down to the rural scale and that is where groundwater hydrology becomes important which should be covered in week four. Moving on once we would also introduce the multiple variables parameters in the hydrological cycle and then from there we would discuss in detail some groundwater components. This is important again to understand water resource management because if you do not understand which components are key or bigger storage components in the cycle then your efforts in water resource management won't go the benefits would go somewhere else not to the local area that you want to focus. So it is very important to understand the groundwater components. Moving on we would also look at some of the surface water hydrology components so those who know hydrology or water resources there are two types of water resources one are two major types so one is your surface water which you could see on top of dams, lakes, rivers, streams etc and the other component is the groundwater cycle where it goes under the ground and a lot of complex processes happen. So week six would lead into the surface water hydrology components because we would also want to touch upon some of the basic hydrological components for surface water hydrology but most as I said most importantly we would look into groundwater. The water mass balance equation with a rural focus so this is like a budget water mass balance equation would give you the budget on how water comes into the rural system what are the key drivers that bring the water into the system the second is how water is extracted or taken up by the system multiple activities farming, livelihoods etc and the next components would look at what is remaining in the system so that you could preserve water in the rural setting. So a water mass balance is kind of a budget to show how much water comes in how much is used and how much remains if you go on a negative budget or if you overspend then what happens is you will be taking water from the already stored water resources which is going to deplete your long-term water sustainability so that is what we'll be discussing in week seven. In week eight we would be looking at rural water management issues so what are the current issues what are the more key issues to water management in India and we would look at more specifically data challenges observation records etc etc so that we could understand if we need to better where where do we need to focus more so that is where we'd be doing a lot of insights in week eight if you if you look at it we are starting from the introduction of the hydrological cycle then going into the components once you know the components then you're fitting them into a water mass balance equation budget once the budget is prepared you you are better to understand the rural water management issues the data challenges are also discussed because it is as and more important once you know the budgets the water budgets and the key components for rural water management what are the data that you have to actually conduct these management activities so that's where you get into some of the data challenges for rural India and look at how observations records are being made then you would also go into rural water resource management structures so how are these infrastructures built what are their lifelong achievements other pros and cons in most the rural water management infrastructures that are used so i've divided it into two components in week nine you'll be looking at engineered rural water resource management infrastructures which are some examples like dams check dams where you need to engineer or bring some some concrete structures into practice so that is what you'll be discussing in week nine engineered options engineered solutions for rural water management in week 10 you would be looking at rural water resource management infrastructure nature-based so what is the difference between these two weeks is you would be looking at an engineered perspective and where a lot of money has to be spent big big projects are being made in engineered whereas in nature-based solutions it is on and along with nature how do you bring already existing traditional knowledge and lessons from nature to preserve water in a rural setting also how do you look at these two approaches from a centralized version which is at a top-down approach we call where you have a big massive structure catering to many people or multiple smaller structures catering to multiple people so this is where you would be discussing in detail both engineered and nature-based solutions the nature-based solutions are very important nowadays because engineered solutions have become more expensive very costly to manage also so once it is it is expensive to create and also expensive to manage and land is being very very less so slowly nature-based solutions are coming up and we would jump into some of these introduce some of these topics and concepts in the lecture. In week 11 we would be looking at some case studies for rural water resource management as I said I would bring some case studies from my field experience I'd be in a better position to explain what has happened in the field why didn't the project go and why the different outcomes and results came up so some of the some of my case studies would be discussed but more importantly case studies from non-government organizations extension networks government agencies would be discussed so these would give you a bird's eye view of how some people have used a science to understand rural resource water management and have been successful also to understand week 9 and 10 the basic difference would be also engineered is more on the engineering cycle whereas nature-based solutions will be a scientific cycle so both of these would be discussed as solutions options for solutions in week 11 there's not one right way it depends on where you are on the rural setting so you would see a mix of engineered and nature-based solutions in week 11 in week 12 for those who are very interested to take up these the understanding from this and solve the rural water problems in your area or your nearby areas I will be going through some databases that would help you put you on the track to first estimate the rural water budgets and from the rural water budgets you understand the hydrological cycle and once you understand the hydrological cycle you would be in a better position to come to week 9 and 10 to see what kind of solutions can you give so everything starts with the database to understand if there is a problem there is a water resource problem in rural India and from there what understanding what are the analysis you want to do is being done through the hydrological models algorithms or budgets and those understanding and information you would convert into a solution which are being covered in week 9 to 11 so with this I would stop the first lecture and all the details for the courses the documents and everything have been shared with you the details are also there for communication so you take up the next course looking at the hydrological cycle coming soon thank you