 right. Now sometimes we might want to have the z-score at the bottom as well so I can see the x in terms of x's as well as x's in terms of the z the z-score so that would be kind of neat to have. So it's a little tricky to do that sometimes and sometimes we have to add it be useful to add another column in order to get that z-score a second x down here a second x horizontal. So to do that let's first get some other data this is going to be the p of x is greater than or equal to 79. So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to say that I want to pick this number up when it gets to 79 or higher right and everything else I want to be blank so I could do it this way I could just say okay well this is going to be equal to this up to here and then plot that that would work but I want to do it so I can change it automatically by just changing this number so I could use I can use a logic function to do that which would look like this so I'm going to go up top and say if equals if brackets here's my logical test if this number is greater than is greater than or equal to the this number 79 I'm going to f4 that number because I want it to be absolute f4 dollar sign absolute reference in other words dollar sign before the d in the 13 then comma that's what the comma means in my if reference the value what do I want the value to be then I want the value to be this percent value so do that if not comma what do I want I want you to leave it blank meaning double quotes because there's nothing in the middle that's my text format so it'll just do nothing there close it up and enter and that nothing's there because it's under so I'm going to double click the fill handle and I should see it show up down here I'm also going to add the formatting home tab number percentify and decimalize and there we have it now you could get an approximation by summing it up down here alt enter and let's pull it up to the top it guessed wrong the dancing ants need to go up to the top so it'll be dynamic and then let's percentify this one home tab number percentify we get the 1.78 which is not the same thing we got over here you would think what this would be the more correct calculation because you can't just sum it up because we're talking about the area under the curve but now that we have this we would like to add this to our graph so that we can get that pictorial representation so I'm going to go back to my graph over here and say we want to add another data set so I'm going to click on it go to my chart design up top my data up top I'll pull this over here so I can see it a bit better and then we want to be pulling up this data on the side so I'm going to add a whole another data set I'm going to name it with that dynamic name that we put up top so here it is fancy name being added and then the data set I'm going to remove this click here it's a little finicky on this one so be careful you want to put it up top to pick up the whole thing and then control shift down make sure you don't pick up the total so shift up so there it is and then okay so there we have it and so there you have it it draws that kind of line it's a little bit kind of wonky because we don't have a whole lot of data that we used to populate this but it gives you that line so I'm going to say okay and there we have it so I'm going to say okay and there is our line over here at the 79 so we have the 79 you can imagine pictorially that that orange bit then is representing this this part which should have an area under of 120 right we could see the pictorial representation so now I could say all right let's see if I can add a legend to it clicking on the plus button legend so this blue is the p of x the whole thing and then the orange is the p of x greater than or equal to 79 now remember if this p of x is greater than or equal to 79 we also know that the blue one is going to be kind of you know the inverse everything less than or equal to in essence the 79 right but so we can use this one graph then to answer other questions as well such as what would it be less than or equal to would be the blue side but we might want to hold another another graph to to represent other questions as well so so the next thing that we might have is for example a type of question where it says p of well before we do that let's actually also add the z score to this so I want to add the z score which I can do now so if I like double click on this for example it should open up the format data and then I'm in this area to the right and we have the primary and secondary and we want to have a secondary axis so I'm going to have a secondary axis because I want to add another x so I can show not only the x's but also a z so I'm going to say okay it's a little off-kilt right now but I think it will still be okay so I'm going to delete this bit I don't I don't need this so I'm going to click on that and delete it that brings it back to looking correct at least and then we're going to go up to my data up top and on this second data set I'm going to use a different a different x so I'm going to pick it up by selecting the edit and then I'm going to say the x is going to be named or the z so that's the name that we oh I need just the range the range so that's going to be from here down to here no total that looks good so I'm going to say okay make sure it picks up you can see it picking it up over here so that looks correct I'm going to say okay it doesn't look like anything changed until I hit the plus button and in this x axis I'm going to hit the arrow and then say I want a secondary horizontal and so there it is it picks it up closing up this little green now I'd like to bring this down to the bottom you could leave it there looks fine but I'm going to bring it down to the bottom because I'm used to that so I'm going to double click on it I'm over here in the format and I'm going to go down to the labels and then I'm going to say to the label position bring it low bring it low swing low swing I don't know why that song came into my head so there it is so now we can see that the z we can see this x by the z position as well as the x and oftentimes you'll have questions in terms of x's or in terms of a z score okay so now we might have other questions we might say okay well what if we said p of x is less than less than or equal to and let's do the 79 just to show that here now again you could use kind of the same graph because you could say well if p of x is less than or equal to 79 it would be like the inverse of this which would be kind of the blue but we might want a whole nother graph so let's make this dynamic first I'm going to say let's put the 79 out here so I can change that and then it'll change this label automatically double click in the label go into the end of it equals quotes from the p all the way to the equals to make it a text field and then shift or an and to connect it and then that 79 I'm going to highlight it and replace it putting my cursor down onto that cell you can't see the 79 but it's in there and then I'm going to tie that to with an and a text field quote to close up the brackets end quote and enter so now I can change that 79 to 80 or something and it changes automatically all right so the calculation then is going to be it's going to be a cumulative you can see it here up to and up to the so it's basically the blue bit right so I can say well this is going to be equal to the norm dot dist and then the x is now going to be the 79 comma and the mean is going to be this and then comma the standard deviation we calculated here comma cumulative yes true or just one and enter let's format it home tab number percentify it add some decimals and we're out at 100 percent that seems awfully high let's bring this down to 79 right and so there it is so and we can also see it this way I can say this equals the same one and this is going to be equal to one minus this number right and and then hold on