 Thank you very much for this overview of the possibilities a bit Terrestrial in space unconnecting the two As as you show not only in in defense, but overall we see it cybersecurity has emerged It's a topic we have addressed a few times already at the world policy conference. It's great serious questions Patrick you are specialized in cybersecurity in space the most advanced in in Europe working with the European space agency as I mentioned before With some nationality spatial in France as well. So what is the state of the question of cybersecurity in space? Yes, thank you for the invitation. Maybe I will start to present the space like a 3.0 evolution not a 2.0 for my point of view is the real the Finalization of the digitalization of the world to have access to give access to Internet or two to three billion person to connect Billion of IOT devices in the world that's real the role of the space will have in the future and and Will be followed not only the the law of the physics, but to follow the law of the information theory law and Yes, the space will be the connection between the cloud to the intelligent device the connection between the cloud to the age and As mentioned before there are two major use case in the commercial space one is the Communication the second one is the heart observation the communication is 80 to 90 percent of the market is Incredible market with 20 percent of increase a per year and in this case. They are different player traditional one to use a Geo hobbit, okay, and they're under pressure from the new player in from the Leo orbit like a Stalin and For in order to to compete they will integrate a new technology like to communicate via Optical connection not anymore with Later magnetic connection is the morning around optic connection. This being they are no more latency. They are no any more problem of connection and You don't need to ask the country for install the antenna because you know being the hostile the frequency of the country and that's a big evolution and In this big evolution only few company will have access this kind of technology and to provide connection around the world And that's there are some analogy around the 5g implementation with Some player like Huawei they have this kind of technology and they have some Risk of data sovereignty in case the geo connection. We will have the same Analogy around the 5g and the access to this kind of technology in the other hand. They are the new player they work around the Hobbit and the the major one of the literal one is a Stalin They've been already installed one million of terminal and they have a three three thousand of Satellite all connected together and we see the benefit of this kind of technology in Ukraine and They can cover the global hurt with this kind of Satellite and you have a low latency connection and very cheaper connection connection with Stalin is Determinant is 1000 euro and the connection is 100 Euro per month forever connection and it's really very very cheap and in this case as mentioned before the cost of this kind of satellite to for the development the launch and the Satellite for three years to five years is 300,000 francs Euro and this case the Company to use of the shelf company standard component and that's in this case. We have some security issue because This kind of technology our access to a different hacker our around the world Around the world we can hack this kind of satellite and there are some example around that That's the risk if they are around the Deployment for do the communication. It's not the sovereignty, but it's more the security because it's standard technology But maybe sovereignty too because there are some only some launcher for launches kind of technology You need to provide you satellite to for example to space x before to launch it and that you not have you cannot control your satellite when you launch this satellite and There are some new player for for this kind of use case communication is the Hyperscaler as mentioned before the space is the connection between the cloud to the age and the hyperscaler like Amazon Like Microsoft like Google they will They want to play in this kind of field for example for the New space industry the new player Amazon WS is one of the leader you can provide if you want a start off like My startup I have a access to the services of Amazon for two years is free of charge with Thousand of technology inside okay, and it's really a leader of that and they have some example right now around that To launch a satellite with inside directly connection to the cloud and inside AI technology data mining technology in order to Process and manipulate data directly in the cloud And that's the idea that you not need to communicate the data But you process the data the directly the data in the cloud and they have some advantage for do that You are no problem for the cooling. They are no problem for access to the physical access to for for the data and three of these kind of new player. They will Launch around the world of some satellite in order to develop this cloud this data center in the in the In the in the in the space handed Some risk is around this range of data because we will be played only by company to have this kind of technology The other use case I mentioned before is the earth observation The earth observation is through is 10 or 20 percent of the market the commercial market in the space and this case is real something connected to the the traditional internet and Real so we have example in Ukraine about the way can have example in the some form you have an image of the earth And after you manipulate this information you you don't you Scientist information from satellite to the cloud you use a Algorithm in order to process this this data and after you send some drones or robots in order to Have some action around your your farm. That's a real diffusion the future of Health observation and this case you have many players They really have access to your data and this case you don't protect it or have some sovereignty of the data and use this data like you are set an auto shirt your asset with the some other company and finally They are now some Some as mentioned before we are we have security issue sovereignty issue and They are the risk a real Concrete we have example of the impact for example when you hack some terminal in some in some region You can collapse some some industry in the other part of the world and and that's the data to Integrate security a new standard and they are a new a new standard right now developed by the CC SDS in order real to to provide cryptography material security material in order to operate business logic in space and In the in the in the ground in order to protect this kind of a new asset Thank you Patrick