 My name is Ahmet Ştuggu. I'm a professor of political science, and also I'm attached to the Sociology Department at Coach University, Istanbul. Also I'm directing the migration research centre at the same university. I've worked on migration issues for the last 25 years. So several factors contributed to Turkey becoming a kind of country of immigration transit. But also I shouldn't forget that after the collapse of communist regimes, Turkey became a kind of area where many of the people from Eastern Europe, from Russia, Ukraine, Central Asian countries, they came and they started sending their labour in the informal labour market. We call this circular migration. They are irregular migrants. They are coming without work permit but staying in Turkey in certain industries like domestic help or tourism. They work and go back again to their own countries. So there are different types of flaws going on from the neighbouring countries. Based precisely on that, how do you see the efforts from Turkey to make these immigrants feel like home in the integration process of becoming a part of Turkey's society? You talk about perceptions and general population perceptions about the immigrants from Syria. How do you see these efforts or the work that is the Turkish government doing? Well, when we look at the settled conventional immigration policies in Turkey, which were designed and formulated in the 1920s with the logic of the nation building process, Turkey often prefers those people with the Turkish origin, Turkish speaking people. So from those years, particularly from Balkans, Turkish speaking and Muslim population, time to time they moved to Turkey from 1930s, 40s, later on. So in that sense, the immigration arrangement is in fact a bit biased towards the Turkish minorities. So when these new immigrants come to Turkey, Turkey was not so ready because as I said, the different political developments pushed them to come to Turkey like the refugees, political changes. But since Turkey was a kind of, Turkey played two roles. One is that the Turkish economy developed particularly in the last 20, 30 years. Some of them they found employment in Turkey, so in certain sectors. The others used Turkey as a transit zone, so not all of them in fact staying in Turkey. And this became a big issue between EU-Turkey relations, particularly transit migration, but not the only reason in 2015, earlier since the mid-1990s. So in that sense, what I can say that the Turkish administrative system or legal system governing the whole migration issues was not ready enough to deal with this immigration. But it developed a kind of, they made the ad hoc arrangements for these incoming migrants. Only through the EU-Turkey relations, because the EU-Turkey, when the Turkey started, tried to becoming the member to the EU, that process helped that our legislation changed. I just mentioned, I should mention the 2013 law. In practice Turkey became a kind of country of immigration, but this is all from the case in other countries too, often the countries, they are a bit reluctant to accept that they became the country of immigration. But ad hoc arrangements as reality itself brought this picture to Turkey. But with the arrival of the Syrians now both society and the government start to understand that Turkey becoming a kind of country of immigration. Now in terms of Europe, we have seen in some countries in Europe, there is a rhetoric against immigrants. Even in those countries in which the population is declining, how do you see what's your opinion about this rhetoric against immigrants? Well, I think around the world, particularly last two, three decades, first probably different political trends developed. I mean recently we are talking about those xenophobic trends in the politics too, populist politics and the populist ideologies. So political parties in fact started gaining kind of power out of this reaction of the people. And those states start to becoming a kind of inefficient in terms of dealing with the migration. So on the one hand through the globalization and other developments I think the mobility increased. Mobility of different kinds, the other problem here is there are different types of mobilities and mobility of students, mobility of labor, mobility of the other tourism, etc. Then the people see this large number of people coming from different cultures, different communities. As we observe in the public show's reaction, I think we should not underestimate the role of the media also contributes to this rhetoric. So this media on the one hand, public opinion and politicians, that creates a kind of negative environment to deal with the migration issues and this happens also in many parts of the world.