 Hello everyone, my name is Deeksha Jain and I have secured rank 22 in CSE 2018. In this video, I will be talking about chapter number 9 of economic survey titled, Enable Inclusive Growth Through Affordable, Reliable and Sustainable Energy. So this chapter starts with a quote from Rig Veda that, Sun is the soul of all animate and inanimate. So what it basically means is that the emphasis of energy is now moving towards solar and this quote is sort of an evidence of that. So in the beginning of the chapter, we will talk about certain facts associated with the energy scenario of India. So the first thing is that despite accounting for 18% of world's population, India is used as only around 6% of the world's primary energy. So energy poverty has been pervasive in India. Number 2 is that with an increase in per capita energy consumption by 2.5 times, India will be able to increase its real per capita GDP by US dollars 5000. This is according to 2010 prices. So basically if we are able to increase the per capita energy consumption, our economy will also grow. Number 3 is that energy efficiency programs have been very successful, basically resulted in savings worth more than rupees 50,000 crores and a reduction of about 110 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2017-18. And lastly that while the share of renewables in total generation has increased from 6% to 10% in 2018-19, India still needs investment in renewable energy to promote this sector. Currently the market, one more associated fact is that the market share of electric cars is only 0.06% while compared to China's 2%. So this is also an area which we need to work on. So this chapter will be talking about energy for prosperity, energy poverty, energy efficiency as well as a detailed bit about the scenario of electric vehicles in India and what needs to be done. So let us first talk about energy for prosperity. So India cannot become an upper middle income country without either rapidly raising its share of global energy consumption, commensurate with the share in the global population or also ensuring that universal access to modern energy is available to everybody. India's energy intensity has actually declined at a much lower level of GDP than it did for other developed countries when they started declining. So if we increase our energy usage then it has a lot of potential of economic growth as well as social equitability. The sustainable development goal number 7 which deals with clean energy is closely associated with the other SDGs. So human development index also will increase if the studies have shown that human development index is also closely associated with the access to energy. So basically energy access is a very important component of economic and social development. So the next thing that we will be talking about is energy poverty. So first thing is that there is a wide urban rural divide in terms of energy poverty. For example, the LPG usage in urban areas has caught up massively with more than 90 percent while in rural areas it is still not that it is not at par with the urban areas. And energy poverty is also said to be wider than income poverty which basically means that even though supposing that in the lower income strata also people of the on the higher income side it does not mean that they have started using better energy. It basically means that even people in the higher strata in rural areas specially they are still not using LPG. So that energy poverty is wider than income poverty refers to this. So and also as we all have read in the newspaper that government has made many initiatives like Ujwala scheme, Pehel scheme to overcome this energy poverty so that everybody has access to clean and healthy energy like LPG. Now we will talk about the energy efficiency programs. So the energy intensity of India's GDP has been falling lately which is basically a good indicator that our energy efficiency is increasing. The term energy efficiency basically means that we are using lesser amount of energy to get the same amount of output. The institutional legal framework for energy efficiency comes from the energy conservation act in 2001 under which the Bureau of Energy Efficiency was created. So overall size of the energy efficiency market in India is $22.81 billion. So it is a huge market and India is tapping it I mean relatively successfully. So there are some energy sectors specific energy efficiency schemes which are there in the table. So I won't be going into them in detail but they are available in the table in the slide. So another important fact about this is that the contribution in energy efficiency is largely from three major schemes and they are at which is perform achieve and trade for industries. Ujwala scheme under which all the CFLs and normal lights have been changed into LEDs for energy efficiency and the standard in labeling which is basically that all the companies are labeling their products with energy efficiency so that they also have a greater obligation to make their products energy efficient and the consumer is also conscious about using more energy efficient products. The overall energy savings due to energy efficiency measures have been 7.21% of the overall energy consumption. And lastly the industrial sector has the greatest potential for energy efficiency so that is where we are looking in the future for energy efficiency market as well as measures. Now we will talk about the sustainability of energy generation. The mix of India that almost 60% of India's energy is coming from thermal power out of which the main component is coal based energy sources energy thermal plants. Under Paris agreement we have committed that 40% of our install capacity will be changed to renewable by 2030. The considering that renewable power is intermittent and there is not proper storage facility for renewable power it is important to also keep thermal power in the loop. We cannot just let go of thermal power suddenly and we will also have a lot of non-functioning assets if we do that. So there is a need to also make cleaner and more efficient coal technologies so that whatever coal power that we are getting it becomes clean. Finally the economic services we need a comprehensive energy policy which takes into account both the economies of coal as well as renewable sector. So basically it calls for a comprehensive policy on energy. Now the next thing that we are going to talk about is the potential of renewable energy in India. So budget 2018 and 19 announced zero import duties on components used in making solar panels to give a boost to the domestic solar sector. Apart from that many financial incentive schemes have been initiated to promote the use of solar panels and to promote the use of solar energy in domestic processes as well as industrial processes as well as even in agriculture as well. So now globally India stands as fourth in wind power, fifth in solar power and fifth in total renewable power of installed capacity. Our cumulative renewable power installed has increased from 35 gigawatts in 2014 to 78 gigawatts in 2019. So that is also that we are doing reasonably well in this sector. Other interesting things that have happened in this sector are that viability of renewable has improved with falling tariffs. There has been a considerable improvement in technology in this sector as well. Kusum Yojna has been also promoting farmers to adopt solar panels and to de-desalize the agricultural sector. Hydro has a potential but because of high tariffs so that is also we are trying to rationalize that as well. So basically renewable energy sector seems to be growing at a very high speed now and it is an area that we should look out for in the near future. Another very important component is vehicles and electric vehicles at that. In India the transport sector is the second largest emitter of CO2 and 90 percent of the emission comes from the road transport. So because of that electric vehicles become a huge way in which we can reduce this and internationally also e-vehicles are being promoted in all countries. We have also committed that we will also change all our vehicles to e-vehicles in the coming times. With this view the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 was launched and then Fame India scheme was further launched to fast track the goals of any MMP with an outlay of 795 crores. Apart from this states are also taking initiatives. For example, Telangana has targeted 100 percent electric buses for intracity, intercity and interstate transport in its state. In its state transport cooperation so states are also taking many initiatives. Another thing which is not unique but it is something an important consideration is that electric vehicle market in India is dominated by two-wheelers. So we can tap this market even more by improving the technology in two-wheelers. UP topped among the states with highest sales of EVs in India. The market share of electric vehicles has been increasing with increasing availability. However, there are two major impediments to the e-vehicle sector. So one is the lack of charging infrastructure and number two the long time that is taken to charge a vehicle. Even fast chargers take around 1 hour 45 minutes to charge a vehicle so that is too long. We need to focus on improving technology to for fast charging as well. Now we will also talk about the solutions to this. The economic survey advises that we should come up with universal charging standards for the country as a whole. We should also enable increased investment in the creation of such infrastructure from the private sector as well. Work on improved battery technologies that can function appropriately at even high temperature conditions and if we take care of all these things and especially the charging infrastructure India can not only adopt e-vehicles and improve its environmental emission standards but it can become a hub of e-vehicles manufacturing and consumption. So that can give a boost to the Indian economy. So that was that about this chapter in the economic survey. Thank you so much.