 Grîmd ddaw'n meddwl ychydig felfawr, ac rwy'n bobl wedi'i gweld sy'n ddechrau mor hyn yn gweithio, a byddwn i'n ddim yn ddim yn gweithio, fel rwy'n dechreu panthau. Mae yna weld yng ngôl panthau. Mae yna eich angen panthau, Parle Gwin, mwy i'r 것lennol, neu oedd gyda'rวdd amser, yr Erydweithio byddaw'rnghaerau ar y cwrdd ar amser, a rwy'n dweud yn 1806. a o'r ddweud y gweithio gael y bwydau cyntaf o'r cyfrannu. Felly mae'r gws a'r gwybod mewn, yw'r y troi'r Llyfrgell yn Llyfrgell, oedd yng Nghymru, yn 1808. Ar hyn o'r amherwydd, mae'r cyfrannu yn ffordd o gael y cyfrannu. Mae'n dweud yna bod y gallu'n cyfrannu o'r cyfrannu. Mae'n cyfrannu o'r ysgrifennu o'r cyfrannu, o'r cyfrannu, o'r cyfrannu, o'r cyfrannu. And the rules are underneath, ofcourse these days we should play with dice. But... Look at the rule. Whoever spins a golden egg takes a count from the pool. That's the winners' pool. If you spin a black you put one in and the black the pink pieces in this copy. Why are we talking about spinning? Felly, efallai yr amser yn ddifuol y dyma chi. Mae'n cofnio'n codi. Rhywbeth'r cyffredinol yn hyfyngau ein bodiede. Felly, mae hynny'n cyffredinol yn ymweld yn colli. Mae'n cysylltiad yn gweithio ac mae'n cyffredinol os yw'r amser. Mae'n cyng Presidentialiat honno. Mae'n cyfredinol iawn. Mae'n cyfrifasio iawn, y ddifuol. 10 sgwm o'r ddae. Y gair gwybod y ddweud yr ystod yn 7.6. Rwy'n credu 2 ddaes, ac mae'r ddweud yn 3 ymddir y gallu ei ddweud. Rwy'n credu bod yn ymddir i'r teimlo, ac mae'r ddweud yn ymddir. Ymddir i'r ddweud. Rwy'n credu i'r ddweud. Rwy'n credu i'r ddweud. those are mind less games, like chess or bridge which is far too difficult for me. We're heading for the outer space, that's the winning space, esc Kimberly El! This is the first time that Mother Goose flew across the stage on a wire, Y rhaid i'r ffordd yw yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r panthamine. Felly, y panthamine wedi bod yn ychydig i'r Arte Harlequin. Yn y ffordd Harlequin, mae'n gwybod ychydig i'r ffordd yw'r ffordd. Yr Arte Harlequin yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r ffordd. Yn gweithio ar y ffordd yw y ffordd, y twyd yn yw'r bwysig. Yr ffordd yw'r ffordd yw'r colynydd a'r colynydd, a'r llyfr yw'r lleol. Yn y ffordd, mae'n gwiswch, maen nhw'n gwiswch. Cwmhyswyl i'w meddwl, ac yn y gallu bod ni'n gofyn o'r manteigau amser mewn gwir. Yn ymweld ystod i'w ddiweddio'r ddiweddio gan ymlaen i'r gyfnod eich golem. Mae'n rhan o'r adeg o'r cyfioedd Cymru i'r arteig Cymru. Mae'n rhan o'r adeg o'r adeg o'r adeg, i ddim yn ei hunain i'r hyn o'r cyfioedd i'r hyn o'r dweud. are two months. It's very clever. So, what happens then is that the story really degenerates, I have to say, into a wild chase around London, so we're going to see some sites enlightened by the pantomime figures who are participating in them. Now we haven't really come to see Mr Samuel Cernes in Entr clubs, or not. a we have come to see the great Joseph Grimond, arguably the greatest clown ever to live. The pantomime is very much a vehicle for Grimond's bits of business. In this particular one he is trying to drink out the bottle and the pull suddenly changes and it always gets the long end. Then the instructions are, he's disappointed, so you must be disappointed and go back to space number 14 from 23. The point I like to make is his costume, which is pretty remarkable, is described elsewhere. I've taken this from his biography and you can see the description that's written is pretty much closely followed in the game. The ribbons, the blue, weak, and then these red triangles on either cheek, and as I said, the same. The games are useful pictorial witnesses, iconographically, and quite accurate of what the Georgian past was like. Now let's get to some of the action. Here the clown and harlequin are being pursued and they put themselves up as figures at St Dunstan's Church striking the bell. So if you remember St Dunstan's Church, the clock has disappeared and come back and that's where it is and so you can see how nicely the game is actually showing at St Dunstan. At an inn, harlequin causes the tables to rise in the air and before they can get down you can move on to space 18. Now this of course is very much part of the Georgian theatre, bits of mechanical artifice and engineering wonders all supporting the action but I think probably the best of these jokes arises at Vauxhall Gardens. Now Vauxhall Gardens, the great playground on the other side of the Thames where everyone in society came including loyalty and Vauxhall Gardens, here the clown Roman Grimoldi gained his admission as a pandian minstrel, playing on a fish kettle with a label with his chin, rest of my room. A pandian minstrel you might not immediately recognise this at minstrel, playing the panpipes. Now we actually know that the panpipes were very popular Vauxhall Gardens and they are illustrated. Here they are in performance after an etching by Edward Francis Burley, more or less contemporary with the game and you can see the five minstrels there, they are playing panpipes of different sizes hence of different pitches and they all have another instrument symbols triangle and the one in the middle has this big drum and is playing the panpipes as you see and it's so much the picture of Roman Grimoldi as the clown that everyone must have picked up the joke and I think it's a really good one. We need to do some history, I mean this is the article is after all and so I want to show you where these board games come from and a good place to start in England anyway is at the beginning and the game that comes to England is the game of the goose which you may not have heard of but I'll explain it. The entry is in the stationess hall register 16th of June 1597, I'm sorry we couldn't have the lecture on the anniversary of the 16th of June in a line and you'll see you may not read called hand but underneath it's transcribed that John Wolfe entered for his copy the new and most pleasant game of the goose and he played six months for the privilege of registering it so that he had the intellectual property rights. Now John Wolfe was the printer to the city of London and we know something of history which will be important in looking at history of this game. We don't have this game unfortunately the earliest surviving example of a British goose game is a little later a bit more through the a holiday century printed by John Overton in London now in Morgan Library at New York and you'll see the kinship with the game that we started with the simple spiral race game. If we go zoom in we can see straight away why it's called the game of the goose there are innumerable geese and not the innumerable of 13 but each goose gives you and your points again effectively doubling your throw. Now this time the game was played with two dice 63 space track it gives you a very lively game indeed and the game was in fact highly playable highly popular. This mentioned my exhibition at the Grolio club well we have a special functions dinner and we had all the august persons of a New York Grolio club playing the goose game before dinner. They lasted about 55 minutes at which point they said well it's my turn so first of here is game but not plain sailing to get to the centre if you land on some hazards then you have to pay to the winners pool and obey the instructions at the beginning at the bottom there you'll see number six the bridge which is a sort of right of passage where you go on but at the top left you're brought to a status bill if you land in the well number 31 you have to wait there until somebody else releases you and then they take your place and there's a similar rule for a prison space not at the game just next to it is the death space 58 with a nice skeleton on it and at that point you have to start again the one on the right 42 is the labyrinth you've lost your way and you have to go back a bit so this is the classic game of the goose and where did it in turn come from well compare this this is the earliest dated printed goose game Burkino Gagano in Rome 1589 and we'll see just how close it is and if we look at the decorative iconography of the winning space you can see that that there is a great similarity these two are from the jovial figures expecting a nice drink on having won the game I mentioned John Wolff and his history John Wolff actually did his journeyman printers training in Florence so it's a pretty fair guess that John Wolff was responsible for bringing again him off this time from Italy though I'm not saying that John Overton won it an exact copy of it again as I said was popular for about two centuries in in England and it's mentioned in the goldsmith's poet The Deserted Village which talks about a rather low class tavern and on the walls you have two things the twelve good rules those are the king charles there's twelve good rules of behavior human behavior and the royal game of goose and the idea that you could take the game off the wall and and play it and we see a depiction of this in a quarter by Lauren Whittle 1804 which interest in this shows the circular track mark and the spiral one and I don't know whether that's a game I haven't seen or whether it's just artist's license you have to be careful the game was updated in in in England not by very much but since we're talking about George in England this I thought would be worth showing about the time of the George III's marriage to his queen Princess Charlotte in 1761 and you see there the portrait King George and Queen Charlotte at the top but in the bottom right hand quarter though a right hand quarter you see the game actually being played and it's in quite respectable mixed company so that doesn't answer to some extent the question who was playing these games not children you'll notice this is an adult game at this stage now these updates of the goose game didn't really do much in in England that the game was moderately popular by the end of the 18th century but then something happened which really did alter the whole course of game production and that was the publication of the new game of human life by Wallace and Newbury in 1790 and if we look at it it's immediately clear that it looks like a spiral race game it looks like a goose game in general but in fact it's much closer to a goose game than just that generality what it does is extends the track to 84 making 712 rules and that provides you with the seven ages of man and there are the the age spaces you start with then at 12 24 36 48 60 72 you have the age spaces which act like the goose spaces and double your throat the winning space 84 that shows that the immortal man will come to him 72 you'll notice is the age of decrepiture i'm not going to put up hands though now this in fact is a moral game and that is also significantly because many of the games that came into print in georgen england were in that moral games this shows the prodigal at number 30 he's wasting his substance by giving money to the street urgins and he has to go back to number six the careless boy the careless boy is making a house of cards and that's very much a georgian trope for a wasted life doing something foolish but this game is not in fact an English invention it's an English piracy really uh because 15 years earlier wrapping the big print house in uh paris brought out the new game of human life seven ages of man 84 spaces and it's pretty much the same game some alterations were made for the british market for example the winning space which we've seen before 84 is changed and the space before you'll see at the left that there's rousseau easily recognizable by his fur hat and there is bolter likewise recognizable by on his stick we have for our english version at 83 we have john lock uh the thoughtful man of course locks ideas on uh education were to prove highly significant in relation to educational board games in georgian england and there at 84 we have the immortal man anybody know who he is easily recognizable by cambridge doctoral gown died at the age of 84 this is the eyes of newton and so bolter also died today before so it's a pretty clever substitution not the only substitution here we have the geographer that's captain cook and really rather nasty touch the ambitious man this is the the young gorg waiting to become george the fourth and he's got his hand on the ground and he's labelled as the ambitious man so there we are this game was i think highly popular for whatever reason and highly effective in causing the georgian princess to bring out similar things not necessarily based on the game of goose but looking nice nicely in grey nicely coloured and interesting so that's where the georgian games on london scenes which i'm going to talk about next that's where they come from and i'm going to begin with the panorama of london and i brought it in so you can look at it afterwards i've also provided a key to the various scenes 1809 john harris corner of st paul's church yard let that in line because it's significant and just really to show you how beautiful this is in grade and the the scenes are there and we'll go through in some detail on the right the the st georg's cross with the sword in arms of the city of london that's where your winning space is going to be but just look at the quality of engraving on the picture of st paul to these ceremonial barges growing beautifully upstream now the spaces are here i'm not going to do all of them because many of them are just just buildings from the outside but so the ones in red are the ones i'm interested in which is more like the shows and sights and i'm going to leave the tower for a moment until the end and begin at number 13 which is the royal circus because there's a lot of history of shows and sights to be found in this game here we have to pay for mr elliston's expenses he was the impresario and we're looking at the royal circus in black friles road which eventually became the sariad theatre and i'll notice that is it is showing some sort of how it would aid i haven't identified it in detail we move on to the lottery drawing in guild hall where you receive your promise from each player and you'll see the drawing we noticed two large wardrobes they look like they are the lottery wheels where the tickets were shuffled together they're presided over by two blue coat boys and the idea was that the blue coat boys were young innocent incorruptible and therefore could be trusted to draw tickets out of the lottery in fact they were easily rivalable they were highly capable of substituting a winning ticket for a non-winning ticket and so the whole thing that was in some of this repute but it looks very official there doesn't it now let's go to saberswell's theatre and we have this wonderful scene of juno being drawn across the stage a nice watery stage easy to do at saberswell's by scene horses and just to have a look at a comparison view because we can't entirely trust games without comparing them with other sources of material culture let's have a look at the same scene in ackerman's microcosm of london what is exactly contemporary with this and we'll see that it is in fact a very close sort of representation so you begin to wonder was the game drawn from ackerman's illustrations or was it an independent operation well let's prepare the next here we have bath on the fair where we pay one to see in the humus of mr punch and indeed you'll see the punch and julie on both the left and the right of the central booth which is mark sanders the corresponding ackerman looks like this and you'll see it's not exactly the same and in fact if we look at the two together we see that the central booth top one is labeled british and the bottom one labeled sanders both are correct it's likely different times so we are getting a useful different view of st bath on a mus fair if we move on we come to boxville gardens again we pay to see the fireworks and the end music and singing and then to ask his amphitheater which is the first surface ring in in london and so we have a wonderful forming form of holes that we go around and then to the royal academy this of course is in some said house at the moment rather than up here and we pay two counters to encourage the artists rather nice and again if you want to compare the ackerman picture we get a pretty good illustration of what it was like this is really not a show or a or a site this had occasion this is nelson's funeral condol for the nation's loss the interesting thing is that as it goes through temple by you can see that the catafalc is a representation of lewton's a nelson's ship the victory we have politics in these games corn exchange you must go back to receive punishment for monopoly that put the price corn was a hot topic and of course the corn laws were assumed to be passed so these games are not value neutral as we shall see as we move on free mason's hall he must keep the secret but what this is emphasizing is how the free mason's were setting up schools for the children as the poor and you can see that the children have been very nicely dressed and very nicely behaved in free mason's hall this is somewhere which you need to avoid pay three counters as a punishment for being seen in the rioters assembly that's the election at cobbled garden and it was evidently a pretty unpleasant place to be fighting drinking and so on and this is a site of London that you wouldn't expect within this august company this is john harris's shop corner of st paul's church and i remember you may stop one turn receive account from each player that's just a new game or an instructive book so fancy made on it so john harris was not above a bit of self promotion on on this game we're heading towards the end we're heading for the city of london and we pick up the giant's gog and may gore in guild hall and they're quite nicely depicted and that's how they really are so i'll just go back you can see there and there they are in in reality so that's the game of the the panorama of london i'm going to move on to my second tour of london this is a much less elaborate and carefully drawn affair the picture of st paul's doesn't bear any sort of comparison with that wonderful scene that we had in the panorama of london but this game has got some interesting things not seen elsewhere for example it has the cosmorama in brigeant street and this was a sort of upmarket peep show viewing lenses were mounted on each wall and behind each viewing lens there was an illuminated especially commissioned oil painting of some natural scene one was europe one and the other wall was africa and asia and this came up very brightly and well illuminated and it will struggle to find contemporary illustrations of the cosmorama this is a nice take on the british museum in its old habitat montague house and i think the artist probably rather enjoy this depiction which is a wonderfully smiling cartoon figure on the on the left but it's it's positive stock three terms i will not soon forget it box for gardens a different take on box for gardens we've been encouraged to pay for the music and fireworks we've seen the pantheon minstrels different experience here we have our pocket picked we lose all the counters that we have left it's about business and this is not an unknown depiction of box for gardens and i just picked one up in comparison this is a laurel and brittle quarto giving the words of a song song my mr diglem one half of the world don't know how that lives and you'll see at the left here the action of the pocket being picked which is rather nice i also like the way to go in ice being with his bottle and corkscrew so we have different different takes on different activities in these games now this is my third tour of london game a survey of london by a party of terriot home travels by william dartin and i draw your attention not to the rather staid depiction of buildings in the game but to the explanation or rule book because this is a survey of london or a game complete with opinions these opinions are very strongly held and we will pick them up as we go around and see there's some balls just to compare the the treatment beautifully beautifully engraved very carefully made game high quality we begin very locally works museum in the egyptian hall and over the way it just opposite the berlin to narkoni in fact and william dartin says from the south seas we have these various exhibits almost curious and chiefly brought to england by the unfortunate captain cook also remembered for a diamond away why ever before so far so good but here's the east india house very grand slightly extended and it includes a museum of which dartin says the following much as we may be entertained by this curious collection of rotates they could have been spared as we might have spared the thousands of eastern natives who suffered from our false ambition and unjust claims on their property and landed possessions it's pretty strong stuff this you might describe was pretty anti-colonial and the explanation of this is that the dartin family were quakers and this quaker morality extended throughout the whole game as we should as we should see but that i think is it has not been picked up by here by historians in the strength that it might dartin this by no means against exhibitions and shows this is summer set house which in fact housed the the royal academy this is very local sort of presentation appreciate and you'll notice that the tent wasn't in banked at this time so if you wanted to visit you could do so by taking your boat into that central arch which looks very inviting and obit dartin says that the trifling admission enables the admirer of arts though humble and station to share the national treat with the first noble man in the kingdom in other words his gameterian views are being very strongly communicated and here is an even stronger statement coming up this is the mint this is the new building 1820 the old mint was in the tower as we shall see when we go back to the tower but obviously the mint wouldn't think necessarily that morality would come into the mint and it would be wrong i'd shown it in an extensor i won't read it all a site of such riches may create wonder but wealth has its cares and it's not the possession and money which can procure real content and then then the advice to to the young people who are playing this game nor would i advise my young friends to treasure that the mint should be given as a new year's gift every shilling is worth 12 pence and even such a trifling sum as this might relieve as many individuals in other words without giving them a meal and again this is unusual to see charitable giving not in general but in such a specific way being taught as part of the game this is not now a tour of london game this is sharing the wonders of art in the world but wonders of art mean the man made wonders there's a companion wonders of nature but i wanted to show it because there are one or two interesting vmx of london one of the wonders of the world John Rennie's bridge south of the longest cast on a span ever made and we are putting this on a par with the great wall of china and speakers road which is a very nice local a local feeling to this this game in case you have been wondering why the weather staying at home is okay but this is really my one of my favorites this is a musical lady at spring garden it's part of an exhibition of automata now manaday was responsible for the uh the little boy the the writing automaton and you could put in a control plate and he would then write on on a piece of paper quill pen whatever had been programmed into that control plate and his writing automaton is regarded as an important step into a programmable computer but this is slightly different the musical lady is seated at an organised piano forte in other words it's an organ and she plays 16 years from the pressure of the fingers on the keys fetusist and then the motion of the eyes and elegant gesture produce the actual appearance of respiration actually respiration after that rather breathless advertisement is really what we need to do but it's a nice it's a nice thing and there she is playing happily away so i've done five games the game on the first english pantomime which i brought in because it gave us a bit of a whirlwind tour of london and then three games on the sites of london and then game on the man made wonders of the world and here they all are i've mentioned that they're all spin the tito to the moon we call it these days roll the moon because we think of a dice but spin is also possible no skill element and yet these games were popular what are they catering to well i think the games on the tour of london are really catering to the new vote for tourism that was occurring as affluence increased they're also catering for a fairly upmarket audience because these are not cheap games if you think of seven and six firms that's what a half or two thirds of the weekly wage for a reason that there's still craftsmen like it that happen to so these games are are not going to be picked up as as pocket money they are games that are going to be bought by reasonably well off parents for their children to play and isn't that mentioned that there are a good number of games which i could have shown i'w wneud all the games that'd be about a hundred or so in the in the georgian era from about 1790 when the again human life appears and they have a very wide range of subjects i mean i'd just picked the tour of london and i could pick geographical games i could pick games on on history and that really was quite a vote for education through play i think arising from the theories of john mock and in the georgian era it was very respectable to have these games written out on the sunday and hope that some degree of education would occur i think in the victorian era people were a bit more sceptical about the education and value of these games and certainly the games tended to transmute into games of amusement rather than games of of education but these are these are nice games to handle to look at and as i say i got one over there for you to have a to study as you require now with all this choice we've been shown various things in london where should we go well i thought about this and i thought what sites and shows are depicted on all three of our tour of games the panoram of london the scenes in london the survey in london they all show the monument so should we go to the monument well let's ask would you darken what he thinks of the monument finest pillar in the world sir christopher wren yes that gives pure unpleasant spot which is almost is ill-calculated to display this admirable proof of his skill surrounded by irregular and dirty streets is just imagine the city father's writing at this point no that's not the place to go the place to go as i've hinted is the tower now here darken becomes much more enthusiastic the tower includes the the crown the horse armory the wild beasts and the lions and we'll see but i'll just pick down what he said about the crown and slate extremely splendid a pearl pledged the dutch by a child's the first for 18 000 pounds and one kind of world attempted to carry this off and a very few years since a female mania made a similar attempt so that they were i mean that's bound to be worth having a go at isn't this right so let's have a look at these at the attractions of the tower and they occur on the panorama of london you can see tower at the bottom and i'll show the the individual scenes here we have the horse armory and we can move on then to the mint in the tower and this is a useful illustration in itself because it shows the the method of coining using a screw press and pretty hard work for them with the long levers and the poor man who's at the bottom whose job it is to put the blank in underneath the the press and remove the newly minted coin hoping that his fingers remain at the end of the of the exercise and then we have the lions other one of animals in the tower but the lions were by far the most sought after attraction and finally and i think it's a good place to to end in george and england the king's crown now i hope i'm interested in these games and if i have then a piece of advertisement i'll take my cue from john harris is an advertisement for the website which i have it's an italian website but it's pretty bilingual it's an english and italian and on that website we have over two and a half thousand of these board games and almost all related to the game of goose and they have high quality or medium quality images high quality reproduction that then you need to ask us but we are very generous in allowing free downloads of these and downloads also of many related articles and a very full bibliography i've been spending most of my time since retirement and helping to encourage a study of these games and if the results of this lecture is that a bit more study goes on then i should be very pleased thank you