 The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis is still debated. This review examines the role played by oxidized LDLs in atherogenesis taking into account data derived by studies based on molecular and clinical approaches. Experimental data carried out in cellular lines and animal models support the pro-atherogenic role of LDLs. This article was authored by Giuseppe Miollino, Giacomo Rossitto, Paola Caeli, and others.