 Hi, my name is Diana Hall, I'm from the Forensic Genetic Unit of the University Hospital of Lausanne, and I'm the corresponding author of the article, Deep Asteroar, Highly Sensitive Markers for the Analysis of Unbalanced Genomic Mixture. In this article, we propose a novel analytical approach that enables the DNA analysis of samples containing the genome from two individuals in very different proportions. To appreciate the importance of this article, I will give you some background. Our research is focused on developing novel methods for forensic identification purposes. Today is possible the DNA analysis of samples containing only few cells, and by using a limited number of polymorphism, which are mainly micro-satellites, we are capable of distinguishing one individual from another. However, the use of standard markers is not always successful, especially when the biological stain is collected on the body or objects of the victim of an aggression. In this case, the DNA of the perpetrator that we are trying to identify might be mixed to large quantities of the DNA of the victim. And when this ratio passes 1 to 20, the major DNA ends up masking the minor DNA because of PCR bias. The problem of DNA mixture resolution is not limited to forensic science. DNA mixtures also occur in vivo, for example during pregnancy or after solid organ transplant, and those are referred to as DNA microchimeries. Currently, the use of markers located on the Y chromosome and the application of technique of laser capture microdissection can provide solutions, but these are limited to specific cell type and sex mixture. In this article, we provide a novel type of genetic marker that we name DeepSTR. This marker is a compound marker, which is form of deletion insertion polymorphism linked physically close to an STR polymorphism. The combined analysis of these two polymorphism identify DeepSTR haplotypes, highly variable of about 300 base pairs. Deep polymorphism are a biallelic polymorphism of a course sequence, mostly between 3 and 15 base pairs. This sequence can be either present determining the allele L or absent in the allele S. In the human genome, we expect to have several millions of deeps and several hundreds are located close to STR markers. In order to target the amplification of the minor DNA, DeepSTR primers are designed overlapping the deep sequence on one side and downstream the STR sequence on the other side. The primers overlapping the deep sequence are two possible, one specific for the S allele and one specific for the L allele. Let's see how it works with an example. Here we have a DNA mixture where the major DNA, which could be the DNA of the victim, is genotype L5-L5 for the DeepSTR. This is mixed to a small quantity of DNA of the perpetrator, for example, which might be S3 and S4. If we analyze this mixture by DeepSTR primer using the S allele specific primer, we can target the amplification of the minor DNA, even when this is present in less than 0.1% of the mixture. The trick does not work for all possible major and minor DNA genotype. We need to have informative genotype. Therefore, a larger panel of DeepSTR needs to be employed compared to standard STR marker. In this article, we provide an initial panel of DeepSTR markers, nine markers we develop. We genotype those on a Swiss population. We tested this marker on clinical samples and we tested those also on simulated DNA mixtures. To sum up, we propose with this article a new analytical approach which is 100 times more sensitive than standard forensic method. It is not sex-specific and it is technically simple. Therefore, we are confident that this research will dramatically impact the fight against crime and will possibly provide the basis for non-invasive prenatal tests and organ transplant monitoring. Have a nice reading of the article on human mutation. Thank you.