 I am not going to go in detail but a few points on gathering literature. So you have already seen this. So essentially from the scientific method we have seen that there is you could start with an observation and you could publish it okay. Now once you publish it, it becomes a literature. And now you are here trying to look at things that have been observed in the literature before you and from that literature you form a question. Now you form a question, your objective is to find an answer okay. So the answer is essentially a hypothesis like the several things that we did yesterday why the bus was delayed. You came up with several reasons because it was a simple thing that you could just intuitively tell. But let us say you are from Mars, you did not know what is traffic jam. You have to read about literature of people living on earth and find out what is traffic jam and answer it. So similarly when you approach a problem there is a question okay and you want to come up with a possible answer. You have to read the current literature and that literature study will provide you a possible guess to the answer. Usually this literature is textbook or the current literature which will give you some clues how to solve this problem. So using this literature you come up with a hypothesis. So this is where the why it is important to have a literature survey. Literature survey is important to get what is done previously and from what is done previously you come up with a question and to solve that question you again need to go back to literature and see what has been understood and how you can solve it differently. And this I have already presented to you I am not going to that in detail except that I just want to point out one important thing here which some of you know and some of you may not know is there are two ways to search literature one is based on keywords and other is based on citation. So use keyword based when you do not have any starting paper to work one this you know you have a relevant article and you look at the citations of that article. Citations basically meaning suppose I have this particular article I know that this article has been cited by all these articles down below which was published after this year 2000 if it is cited by this I know that these are all in the same research area. So therefore I can find this I can find this network. So it is easy to do a citation based search. So depending on what stage of work you are in you can use either of these two methods. So I am going to reset the question session I want you to take a couple of minutes and if you have any questions based on whatever we have discussed so far we will take about five minutes to discuss those questions and then we will do a quick tutorial activity. So just take about a few minutes to discuss and if you have any questions on whatever I have said so far either literature searching for literature hypothesis formulation and so on we will discuss that very quickly and then we will move on to the next tutorial activity. Okay Tathya Saheb Kauray Institute do you have a question. Sir my question is what how we have to relate our hypothesis with our conclusion. How to relate hypothesis with what? Conclusion. Okay now conclusion is essentially kind of a summary of what question you started off with and what you found and what is to come in the future. So as I said the hypothesis is essentially the answer to the question is your hypothesis. So you can briefly state I started off with this question this is what I found and why it is important and what is the future scope. So that is what will come in a conclusion. So we should not repeat those things which we have analyzed to get to the tax conclusion. See think yourself as a reader okay. I said when you do the first pass you read the introduction you read the abstract and then skip directly to conclusion. So conclusion is essentially the final statement that says what you have found out okay. So you expect your reader to also do the same thing as you did to other papers. They will first read the introduction abstract and then jump to the conclusion. So it is important that you state the important things of your finding in the conclusion. There are the important findings that you have found what you have important findings of this work you stated in the conclusion yeah. So next we have BDT college of engineering good afternoon so I would like to know exact difference between bibliography and reference. Bibliography is a collection of work, a collection of books or papers from which you have used large portions okay. Suppose you are writing a book okay and in that book you have used several other books as and you have used lot of information at different places. So in that case you do not cite every sentence you do not go and put a citation to that work. So in that case you call it as a bibliography but in the case of thesis and journal papers you call it as references because you are using only one or two particular aspects from that paper in your work. So if you are writing a more general say let us say you are writing some general introductory thing on some subject okay. So then you consulted 2, 3 textbooks for that and you do not want to put this was in page number 5, this was in page number 9, this was in page number 45 and so on. So you just generally you give a broad list of publications which you call it as bibliography. Is that answer your question? Thank you sir. One more question. Yeah. Suppose if there is a self citation, citation of the same author in his own paper, how is it viewed in research circles? So it is you have to take a judgmental call on that it might happen that it is important this particular work is derived from a previous work of the same author. And it is essential part of this work in which case it is not viewed it is viewed like in any other reference. But if some other if a reference is simply inserted okay just for the sake of improving the citation count that also you can identify. So there is no one answer that this is good or bad it is contextual okay. Thank you. Thank you sir. This is Dhronacharya. Dhronacharya are you back? Myself Professor R. C. Sharma from Dhronacharya College of Engineering. In the first question that we are talking about the graphical representations in fact actually we are measuring the quantity we are making quantitative measurements and quantitative measurements cannot be absolute. That is why the you are talking about the error bars. Correct. So we put the bars on a particular time if we take the time series or whatever we take on this axis it give the idea the how your experimental setup is experimentalist so how your experimental setup is that or the results that you obtained are reliable. So we put the error bars to ensure the reliability of our results because we take a large number of observations and each observation is different but if our observations are within the error limit then we can see that our results are reliable. So that is why we put the error bars. Error bars provide the information about your methodology is correct or not your experimental setup is okay or not and your results are acceptable or not scientific community. Now regarding this very third part understanding so we have to the criteria that you have mentioned the observation literature questions after that again literature hypothesis and prediction or test. Actually this is the procedure that we have to follow in a research work because any idea that come in our mind then we think to make some research an idea come in our mind and to get the insight of that idea we have to go to literature because we consider that this paper is published and we can consider that paper as authentic paper the information that we receive from the paper that will be correct to certain level that is why we considered a paper we go to the literature and we found something from the literatures because rate the literatures with our idea and then we proceed further if we proceed further then comes in the mind the hypothesis what should be the hypothesis then we put that hypothesis on the experimental test or the theoretical test whatever the literature work is what is the research area is you are talking theoretically or experimental and then we come to the conclusion now if our conclusion agrees with the literature that is alright otherwise we have to give the explanations how our results are different. So you have a question or sorry I did not get I did not get the question. I am giving my view sir okay how work on this okay thank you very much what I am going to do now is to start a quick activity and I am going to display a paper okay going to reset this there is no requirement of hand raising now although this paper is you remember we have divided you have chosen to be in different disciplines okay now this particular paper although was categorized under biological sciences now I am displaying this paper okay the activity is you have to you can what we will do is we will start now and we will continue a little bit after lunch okay I have given permissions to for you to download your remote center coordinator can download this article and they can display it locally okay what I would like you to do is to write the question and an answer from this. So we have already discussed in our lecture what a question is and what an answer is briefly a question has three parts to it the topic the question and significance TQS and then the answer again has got three parts claim reason and evidence now I want you to do a first pass reading I am not showing the whole paper the whole point is you should not read the whole paper to understand you should only read the title you should only read the title the abstract and little bit of the introduction and you should be able to get what the question is which is TQS topic question significance and what is the answer claim reason evidence take about five minutes and then I will quickly take a few questions a few answers if you have already got them and we will continue this after lunch as well so take about five minutes to I hope you can read a little bit from what is being displayed here if not your remote center coordinator can show it to you during the lunch but people who can see this clearly go through the title abstract and introduction and form these three TQS and CRE okay I am going to reset so if anybody is ready with an answer TQS just the TQS is also okay if anybody is ready with the answer TQS or CRE question or the answer please raise your hand okay so this is LDRP let us say what LDRP has got to say LDRP should I tell the topic first yes please go ahead or start with question topic is topic is effect of semantic congruity on numeric judgment similarity see okay go ahead then question question is whether semantic congruity affects numeric judgment similarity okay and the significance is the demonstration of semantic congruity effect in non-linguistic animals okay so let me just quickly take this point so what is your name sir Jignesh Mehta okay so Jignesh has raised some points from LDRP Institute now let me just discuss the first thing I noticed in Jignesh's answer was that he has actually taken keywords and sentences from the paper and then said it as topic question and significance now a little more is expected here because just by writing down things like this you will not you yourself will not understand because you have put in a lot of technical words here okay so this Ashwantra of Chawan College of Engineering it will help us this study will help us in knowing whether the origin of man is monkey or some egg or it will throw some light on the evolution process it can be a question so what is the question now is that the question or is it something else no no it is a question but I still have not the frame can you state the question like a statement of interrogative form to non-linguistic animals show semantic congruity effect okay so that is the question so what is the significance did you have time to write down the significance to know the stages in the process of evolution okay so that is the significance okay very good that is a good answer we will take up just one more and then we will break for lunch Sharad Institute of technology yeah I do not have the answer but I have question yes go ahead please the topic is the semantic that is related to meaning the meaning of colors the numbers are miniatured in the colors and the monkeys understand it so the topic is related to behavior and animal training and question is how it can be utilized for research in animal training the semantic congruity that is semantic that is agreement of training of the monkeys can be utilized for further research and what is this and the significance is for this fact that is the monkeys show the agreement that is monkeys understand the meaning of numbers can be utilized for further research that significance is not so clearly mentioned in that abstract okay so we will stop there so I hope all of you can spend some time discussing your question answers over lunch and we will come back at 1.15 and we will take this up for some time okay thank you very much for this session