 of the auxiliary artery and the brachial artery. I picked up the axillary artery here. And let us trace the course of the axillary artery all the way. This is the axillary artery, this is the axillary artery. It is all intertwined within the branches of the brachial flexus as well as the axillary vein. And then we are tracing it further down, this is the axillary artery and then here it becomes the brachial artery. And all the way down and here this is the cubital fossa. So having mentioned the axillary artery, let us take the parts of the axillary artery. The first part of the axillary artery is where my finger has disappeared. It is from the outer border of the first strip to the pectoralis minor and this is the cut margin of the pectoralis minor. This is one end is the other end. So therefore, this is the upper border of the pectoralis minor. So, till this much is the first part of the axillary artery. Behind the pectoralis minor if we behind the pectoralis minor is the second part and finally, from the pectoralis minor to the lower border of the t-rease major and this is the t-rease major muscle that we see here. This is the t-rease major till the lower border of the t-rease major is the third part and after that is the brachial artery. So, we have seen the parts of the axillary artery. The first part has got one branch that is the superior thoracic which we cannot see because it is located very high up. The second part has got two branches and we shall see the first of those two branches. I have picked it up here. This is the thoracoachromial artery. The thoracoachromial artery as we can see has got multiple sub branches. The thoracoachromial artery pierced through the coracostocorochet membrane which was located here which we have removed and the thoracoachromial artery gives the following branches. We have retained some of them. This is the pectoral branch. The next one is the deltoid branch. Then it gives a clavicular branch and it gives an acromial branch. So, these are the branches from the thoracoachromial artery which is from the second part. Now, let us take a look at the next branch from the second part of the axillary artery and that is this one here. It is running with the vein corresponding. This is the latrothoracic artery. It is looking so far away because we have abducted the arm. If the arm is by the side, it runs on the side of the chest wall in accompaniment with the long thoracic nerve. So, this is the latrothoracic artery which applies the sedentus anterior. This latrothoracic artery also provides branches which run like this and to the breast and they are known as the lateral mammary branches. So, that is about the next branch from the second part of the axillary artery. Now, we are in the third part of the axillary artery. This artery that I picked up here, this is the anterior circumflex humeral. This runs in front of the surgical neck of the humerus and it is also gives a nutrient artery branch to the humerus. That is one branch from the third part. Now, let us take the second branch from the third part. That is the posterior circumflex humeral. The second branch from the third part is this one here. This is the posterior circumflex humeral artery. This runs winds around the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of humerus along with the axillary nerve. It goes to the quadrangular space. So, that is the posterior circumflex humeral and the third branch from the third part of the axillary artery is this one here. When I exert traction here, you can see it is moving there. So, let me turn it over. This is the third branch. This is the sub scapular artery. Sub scapular artery is a considerably big artery. To show the origin from here, we can see that this is the sub scapular artery. And when I pull here, it comes here. This is the sub scapular artery. The sub scapular artery gives off a branch called the circumflex scapular which runs through the triangular space and participate in scapular anastomosis. And the rest of the sub scapular then continues down and we can see it continuing down along with the thoracodorsal nerve and the thoracodorsal vein and it supplies the latissimus dorsi. So, this is the termination of the last branch of the axillary artery. Now, let's see the brachial artery. The brachial artery has got a humeral butyren branch and it also gives a superior inferior allocolateral but we can see a big branch of the brachial artery. So, this is one of the branches from the brachial artery which is muscular and which is also a nutrient artery. Now, let's take the most important branch of the brachial artery and that is this one here. This is the profunda brachial artery. The profunda brachial artery runs through the triangular interval and my hand has disappeared in the triangular interval and from there it goes through the radial groove and this is accompanied by this nerve that we have picked up here. And this nerve is the radial nerve. So, the radial nerve and the profunda brachial they go through the triangular interval and then they go through the radial groove and they come to the posterior aspect of the humerus. And here the profunda brachial gives rise to the middle and the radial collateral artery which participates in the elbow and ostomosis. And then the rest of the brachial artery continues on to the cubital fossa and here it divides into and radial and ulnar arteries. So, this is the full course of the brachial and the axillary artery. Let me mention one important clinical correlation. Nowadays, the brachial artery is used as a very common and a useful route for coronary angiogram. The pulsation of the brachial artery is felt on the medial side of the humerus against the medial bicepinal groove and once the groove is once the pulsation is palpated it is cannulated and the cannula is passed through the axillary artery through the subclavian artery and then it goes to the aorta and then from there the coronary angiogram is performed. So, this is a very useful route for coronary angiogram. And the second point is if there's any necessity for ligation of the axillary or brachial artery we make use of the scapular an ostomosis and the elbow an ostomosis. The scapular an ostomosis is an an ostomosis between the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery and the third part of the axillary artery. So, therefore, we can ligate the axillary artery above its subcappular branch and above the subcappular branch which is this one. If we can ligate it or we can ligate it below the profound brachial branch then we can make use of the elbow an ostomosis. By this means we can ensure the circulation of the artery. Okay. Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments please put them in the comment section below. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out.