 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy, displayed at the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format on the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis is available in the description section below and also in the comments section for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now start our analysis. The first news article is about the continuation of President's rule in the state of Chamon, Kashmir. The analysis of this article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and then under Indian polity and governance. The analysis will also be relevant in your general studies paper too under significant provisions of the constitution, then under functions and responsibilities of the union and states and issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure and then also under the conduct of business of the state legislature. Now before entering into the news article, let us have a brief information about the situation of the state of Chamon, Kashmir. The state of Chamon, Kashmir as its own constitution and this is called as constitution of Chamon, Kashmir 1956. When the governor of the state feels that there is a breakdown of constitutional machinery, then she or he can issue a proclamation under section 92 of the constitution of Chamon, Kashmir. The proclamation is issued to assume the functions of the government and the state legislature. Note that such proclamation can only be issued with the concurrence of the president of India. If you have a look at section 92 of the Chamon, Kashmir constitution, it talks about Sardar-e-Riasat. Now this particular term as equivalent meaning to the position of governor with respect to other Indian states. The proclamation issued by the governor will have effect of only for a period of six months. After six months, there is no provision for further continuation of such a proclamation under the Chamon, Kashmir constitution according to the section 92. Now let us come to the recent scenario of Chamon, Kashmir. Last year, that is last year in June, the BJP party withdrew its support for the coalition government in Chamon, Kashmir. As a result, there was no clear majority and the governor of the state has proclaimed his rule on 20th of June 2018 under the section 92 of the constitution of Chamon, Kashmir. And by November 2018, the legislative assembly of Chamon, Kashmir was dissolved by the governor. We have seen earlier that the provision for governor's rule according to the Chamon, Kashmir constitution is six months. So, that period came to an end by 19th of December 2018. After that, the governor recommended the president's rule as per article 356 of Indian constitution. Therefore, the president has promulgated the proclamation for president's rule in Chamon, Kashmir. And to follow the procedure of approval by both the houses of the parliament, resolution approving the proclamation of president was passed in both the houses that is in both Lok Sabha as well as Rajya Sabha. The approval process of parliament was completed by 3rd of January 2019. So, from then the Indian constitution allows for president's rule for a period of six months. And now from 3rd January and after six months means it ends by 2nd of July 2019. Recently, the governor of the state has recommended for the continuation of this president's rule for another six months. So, again to extend this period of president's rule, resolution has to be passed in both the houses of the parliament. If you see yesterday, the Lok Sabha has approved the extension of president's rule for another six months. So, this is the news. Note that this has to be approved by both the houses of the parliament and the proclamation under article 356 for the president's rule in a state cannot remain in force for more than three years. Then the news article also states that assembly election for the state of Jammu and Kashmir could be conducted by the end of this year. Now, a statement was told by the union home minister with respect to article 370 of Indian constitution. If you see this article 370 deals with the temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, then it has also got some special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir as well. There is a strong feeling amongst certain population of Jammu and Kashmir that this article 370 has to be there permanently in Indian constitution or we can tell that the people feel that it is still not time to remove this article 370. In such a scenario, the union home minister has told that this particular article 370 is temporary in nature. So, we can see a different opinion or a difference of opinion with respect to this article 370. Now, we will be having a lot of news about this article 370 surely for another five years. So, we will see this article now and then. The Lok Sabha also passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Amendment Bill 2019 along with the resolution which was passed to extend the president's rule for another six months. Now, let us see this amendment bill. This amendment bill was passed to replace an ordinance which was issued by the previous government. The bill also amends to Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Act of 2004. Now, the purpose of this bill is to extend the benefits of reservation to the people living adjoining the international border in the Jammu and Kashmir state along with those living adjoining the actual line of control in the same state. Earlier, these benefits were there only for those who are living adjoining to the actual line of control. Now, this extension was because the persons living alongside international border suffer from socio-economic backwardness and then also educational backwardness due to continuous cross-border tensions. Now, this article 356 gives power to the parliament to amend the laws enacted by the state legislature. This article provides for the exercise of powers of the legislature of the state of Jammu and Kashmir by the authority of the parliament when the state is under the president's rule. Now, have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Next, we shall see about G20 summit. There are two news articles on the same page related to this G20 summit. Now, the analysis of both these news articles will be relevant in your programs preparation under current events of national and international importance. The analysis will also be relevant in your main preparation under bilateral, regional, and global groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India's interests and also effect of policies and politics of developed countries on India's interests. Now, G20 means the group of 20. This particular G20 grouping consists of 19 countries plus the European Union, so totally 20. Now, know that India is a member of G20 grouping also from this statement, we know that European Union is also a member of this G20 grouping. Now, if you cannot remember the entire members in one go, today we shall be seeing some of the countries in the discussion. Now, as and when we get the news about G20, we shall cover the remaining countries also. If you see the G20 was started in the year 1999 as a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governance. Then in 2008, the first G20 leader summit was held. This particular G20 group played a key role in responding to the global financial crisis because around this 2008-20, the global financial crisis happened, which started in USA. Now, this group's coordination and the decisions boosted consumer and business confidence and that supported the first stages of economic recovery after this 2008 global financial crisis. So, we can tell that G20 is a forum for international economic cooperation and decision making. Now, the G20 leaders meet once in a year. This year, they have met at Japan in the city of Osaka. So, we now know that Japan is also a member of this G20 group. So far from the news, we know that the members of G20 are European Union, India and Japan. The first news article is that on the sidelines of G20 summit, an informal meeting between the BRICS leaders have been held. Here, BRICS refers to Brazil, R for Russia, I for India, C for China and S for South Africa. So, now you can see that four more countries are part of this G20 grouping along with India, EU and Japan. The four countries are Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa. So, so far from the news, the members of G20 which we saw are European Union, Japan and BRICS and India is also included in this BRICS. Now, let us see the news article. In this informal BRICS leaders meeting, the Indian Prime Minister has spoken on three challenges. The first challenge is the instability that is seen in the global economy which is leading to a slow growth. The Prime Minister has told that unilateralism and competitiveness are overshadowing the rule-based multilateral global trade systems. Here, it just means to tell that the world trade organization needs to be strengthened further. If you see the Prime Minister has indirectly mentioned the ongoing trade tensions between China and USA by mentioning the words unilateralism and competitiveness. The second challenge which the Prime Minister has mentioned is to make the development a sustainable and then all inclusive one such that the development reaches all the sections of the society. The Prime Minister has mentioned terrorism as the third major challenge. He has told that terrorism not only kills innocent people but also affects economic development and the stability of the societies in which the people live very severely. So, you can mention the challenges in any of your main senses quoting the Prime Minister and the summit name. Now, there is one more news article on the same page which is titled on 5G and data storage India Alliance with Developing Nations. This news tells that India and United States came closer on resolving the trade issues between them but India differed in opinions related to technological issues such as data storage and 5G network. So, from this news article we can see that USA is also a member of this G20 grouping. So far, even without listing the G20 members, we are in a position to remember at least 8 countries now. The countries are EU, Japan, BRICS countries and USA. If you see after the informal BRICS meeting, the BRICS grouping has released a statement telling that BRICS is committed to transparent, non-discriminatory, open, free and inclusive international trade and then the statement also tells that protectionism and unilateralism run counter or against the spirit and rules of the World Trade Organization. The BRICS grouping also recognizes the importance of the interface that is the relation between the trade and the digital economy. At the same time, BRICS also affirms the role of data for the economic development. So, we can see from the BRICS statement that India is stressing the need for framing rules on data within the World Trade Organization and not at this G20 summit. If you see, Japan started an initiative as the host of this year's G20 summit, which is named as Data Free Flow with Trust. Japan announces initiative in January this year, that is in January 2019, especially after the Reserve Bank of India's guidelines, which made the storage of all financial data, including by the multinational companies, to be mandatory to be kept on servers in India. There is nothing but data localization of all the financial data within India. Now, this move by RBI was protested from major companies such as Google, MasterCard, Visa and Amazon. This has also increased the trade tensions between India and USA in addition to various issues like GSP, S-400 missile deal and also tariff related issues. The United States administration called this decision by RBI as a major non-tariff barrier. Next, the news article discusses about 5G technology. If you see, India's plan to introduce 5G technology by September this year, but it is likely to be postponed. But even before this, if you see the United States is asking India and other countries to ban the Chinese telecom major, which is named Huawei, from allowing access and conducting trials, because United States thinks that Huawei will spy on America because Huawei belongs to China. But in the meeting between India and USA, India has not given any assurances. If at all India thinks to ban Huawei from conducting trials in India, then China would protest against the move and it would affect the India-China bilateral relations. Next, there are some opinions given in this same news article. The first opinion is given by the former cybersecurity chief, Mr. Gulshan Rai. He has insisted on collaboration in developing the 5G technology. Since USA has not yet developed the complete technological infrastructure for 5G. Next, there is an opinion by India's national security advisory board chairman, Mr. P. S. Raghavan. He has told that 5G is becoming a fault line. Fault line is nothing but a difference of opinion in the technology cold war between the world powers. Here he means that is between the countries of USA and China. He has also said that India must get avoiding caught in the US China telecom issue. Next, the foreign secretary of India has given a report. In this report, he has told that the Indian prime minister has conveyed to the US president certain things, that PM has said that India's choices will determine the global trend in the future. That is, the way India moves or the way whatever choices India makes will essentially determine the way the global trend will go. Now, you can make use of all these opinions as suggestions in any of your mains answer related to bilateral relations or even foreign policy relations or even in your interview. Now, have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the higher education policy. The analysis of this article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and also under public policy. The analysis will also be relevant in your mains preparation under government policies and interventions for development in various sectors. Then also under issues relating to development and management of social sector services, particularly with respect to education in your general studies, paper 2. The news article discusses about the new initiative by the government in accordance with the decision of the prime minister. The decision was finalizing a five-year vision plan for each ministry. So, based on this, the department of higher education, which comes under the ministry of human resources and development has finalized and released a report on a five-year vision plan. Now, this plan is to improve the quality and accessibility of higher education in India. The vision plan is named as equip, which is the acronym for education quality, upgradation and inclusion program. Now, this report has been prepared after a detailed exercise done by the experts covering 10 areas. The 10 areas are strategies for expanding access to higher education, strategies towards global best teaching practices and learning process, then promoting excellence, then required governments reforms, then assessment, accreditation and ranking systems, next promotion of research and innovation, next employability and entrepreneurship, then using technology for better reach, next is internationalization and finally financing higher education. So, now let us see about this new plan equip. We saw that equip is the acronym for education quality, upgradation and inclusion program. This is the central government's endeavour towards guiding transformations in India's higher education system. This will be carried out by implementing strategic interventions in the sector over a period of five years. Now, five years means starting from the year 2019 till 2024. The plan will be implemented with the vision to achieve quality, inclusivity and excellence in higher education, next to empower institutions, then to contribute significantly towards fueling the nation's progress. This plan has been devised to give a multi-pronged boost to the higher education system in India. Here, a multi-pronged means having several distinct aspects or elements and together they will contribute towards the higher education development in India. Now, this is for making the higher education system in India to be ranked among the global best, then also to bring a transformational change in the system over the next five years. The experts have suggested more than 50 initiatives and these are 50 initiatives that will transform the higher education sector completely. The following goals have been set for transforming the higher education sector in India. First is to double the gross enrollment ratio in higher education and to resolve the geographically and socially skewed or a biased access to higher education institutions in India. So, here we have seen a term gross enrollment ratio. The gross enrollment ratio determines the number of students enrolled in school at several different grade levels. It is the total enrollment in a specific level of education which is regardless of age. So, it is expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. The school age population is the population of the age group which officially corresponds to the relevant level of education. The gross enrollment ratio in higher education in India is calculated for the age group of 18 to 23 years. So, 18 is the year where one starts their higher education. So, roughly we can tell that at 18 years of age an individual starts his higher education. Now, this gross enrollment ratio is widely used to show the general level of participation in higher education and also the capacity of higher education. Now, the second goal is to upgrade the quality of education to global standards. Then the third one is to position at least 50 Indian institutions among the top 1000 global universities and the next goal is to introduce governance reforms in higher education for well administered campuses. Then the next goal is to ensure the accreditation of all institutions as an assurance of quality and then the next goal is to promote research and innovation ecosystems in India. Now, this is for positioning India in the top three countries of the world in matters of knowledge creation. Then we have the goal to double the employability of the students who are passing out of higher education. Then we also have a goal to harness the education technology for expanding the reach of higher education and also for improving the pedagogy. Now, know that pedagogy means to improve the method and practice of teaching. Then we also have a goal to promote India as a global study destination and finally the goal is to achieve a quantum increase in investment in the higher education. Now, after consultation within the Ministry of Human Resources Development, the plan will be submitted for approval of the cabinet. Have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the response by the Vice Chairman of Neethi Aayu based on the criticism to the proposal on electric vehicles by Neethi Aayu. The analysis of this news article will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of national importance. It will also be relevant in your main preparation in your general studies paper too under the area government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Before going into the article discussion, let us see what was the proposal by Neethi Aayu on electric vehicles. Now, first know that India is targeted to achieve 30 percentage of electric vehicles by the year 2030 in the overall composition of the vehicles. And in the next five years, India is targeted to achieve 15 percentage. So, in order to achieve this target, Neethi Aayu has proposed that only electric three-wheelers to be sold in the country only after March 31st of 2023. Additionally, all the new two-wheelers which are below 150cc that are sold after March 31st of 2025 should be electric vehicles that is electric two-wheelers only. Now, this proposal was highly criticized and opposed by the motor vehicle industry. They call this proposal of transition to electric vehicles as unrealistic and ill-timed. Here ill-time means an announcement or a proposal which occurs at an inappropriate time. The motor vehicle industry is saying that this proposal has come at an inappropriate time. This is because the motor vehicle industry feels that such a move will disturb the automotive sector which is already stumbling under stress. This particular stress is because the industry is already busy in meeting the Bharat Stage 6 or what we call it as BS6 emissions deadline. This BS6 emissions deadline comes into effect from April 2020. The BS6 norms is related to the vehicle emissions in auto fuel quality if you see. We are already following the BS4 norms now and this BS6 norms is an upgradeation which will help in reducing the pollution caused by the motor vehicles. If you see this BS6 norms lists out certain conditions such as automobile fuel quality of petrol, diesel, etc. And all the existing two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers should be upgraded to the standards of BS6. Now, based on this 2020 deadline, the industry is already struggling to upgrade the vehicles. This is the reason why the industries are opposing the recommendation for a proposal by Neethi Aayog. They are already struggling with one upgradeation and to go on suddenly to another upgradeation is seemingly impossible by the industry. For this opposition, the vice chairman of Neethi Aayog has responded that the proposal was a well thought out policy. Then he has also added that the policy will help to capitalize on the sunrise industry and the two-wheeler makers should work with Neethi Aayog for the realization of this policy. Here, sunrise industry means a new and a growing industry and if you see this word is particularly used in the field of electronics or telecommunications. Here, the vice chairman calls the electric vehicles industry as the sunrise industry. So, he has argued that creation of a new policy on electric vehicles will attract more resources and investment. Then in order to achieve policy clarity, he wanted the industry to switch to electric vehicles rather than going to the upgradeation of BS6 norms. He added that if India does not have a policy or does not have a target on electric vehicles, then India will not have domestic capacity with regard to electric vehicles. Hence, this will result in massive imports of the electric vehicles. If India has to rely on imports for electric vehicles, then the domestic industries will automatically suffer. That is why the vice chairman is pushing for this new target. Now, have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. The final news article is the editorial which is regarding the functioning of Reserve Bank of India. The analysis of this editorial will be relevant in your problems preparation under economic development and then in your main preparation in your General Studies paper 3 under Indian economy. Now, in the first pair of the editorial, the author appreciates the role of the central banks of the world in ensuring the financial stability of their nations or countries. But he tells that even central banks need some of its own medicine, which means some new ideas which will help changing the way of the central banks function. The reason why this editorial is written by this author is because of the recent resignation of the deputy governor of RBI. Though the Reserve Bank of India plays a very important role in the economy, the author tells that it does not mean that the RBI cannot be questioned about the way it is functioning enough. So, in this editorial, the author has shared his ideas on how to innovate the way the central banks, especially how RBI must work. See, in India, the central bank is a Reserve Bank of India. So, whenever we tell central bank, just remember it is RBI or the Reserve Bank of India. Now, the author tells that both the government and the RBI have together implemented a deflationary macroeconomic policy through fiscal contraction and monetary tightening, even though the media has focused on the problems between the RBI officials and the government. So, here what is meant by this deflationary monetary policy? Now, this deflationary monetary policy can also be called as contractionary monetary policy. The policy will be carried out or implemented when there is inflation in the economy. So, here inflation means increase in the prices of all the items that we purchase and consume. So, in order to control the increase in prices, which is the inflation, the government and the central banks come up with a deflationary monetary policy. So, the opposite of inflation is deflation and deflation means to reduce the prices. Now, in order to reduce the prices, the government generally reduces its spending or generally the banks increase their bank rates. So, when the government reduces its spending or expenditure what we call, then we can tell that it is reducing the fiscal deficit or the government is aiming at fiscal contraction. And when the central banks including RBI increases the bank rate, it means that they are tightening their monetary policy. So, ultimately the aim is inflation targeting that is focusing on maintaining the cost of prices. Let us come back to the editorial now. The author mentions about a term called Washington Consensus. Just know that Washington Consensus means a set of economic ideas for the economic development of the developing nations. It was proposed by some of the developed nations. If you see this Washington Consensus was adopted in the year 1989 and under this Consensus, there are 10 sets of recommendations if you see. The first set of recommendation is that the governments should maintain low inflation rates and low budget deficits such that the economy would be very stable. Here the author has described how the developing countries like India fell to this trap of Washington Consensus. If you see 1990s was a time when India opened its economy to the outside world through the LPG reforms. LPG is nothing but liberalization, privatization and globalization. The author tells that this Washington Consensus worked for few years and everyone started believing that their economies were going very smooth. But this idea got derailed or you can tell that it got distracted or diverted in the form of global financial crisis in the year 2008. This global financial crisis started in the US soon it spread across the world including India. Now because of this global financial crisis, the overall growth of the world slowed down and the unemployment levels rose in all the countries because many companies went bankrupt and had to shut down. So whenever we tell global financial crisis just remember that the growth of the entire world slowed down and the unemployment levels were very high. Now post this global financial crisis the author tells that the economists started to think about macroeconomics in a very different way. Now this term macroeconomics is nothing but the overall or the general economic factors. The main division to the macroeconomic policy was that the monetary policy defined by inflation targeting can no longer be treated as the centerpiece of macroeconomic policy because all the policy decisions related to a country's economy was taken based on this inflation targeting. Now instead of focusing on inflation the fiscal policy should be used to stabilize the economy when needed because initially with the Washington Consensus was focusing on inflation but when the global financial crisis happened nothing happened to inflation. So the economists are saying that instead of focusing on inflation what needs to be focused is the fiscal policy. Again now everyone is thinking that this targeting of fiscal policy also does not seem to work well. Now the author is telling that the general consensus now is that there should be no going back to the pre-crisis practices like focusing on inflation targeting on leaving out or moving away from the fiscal policy. Now the author describes the Indian scenario that is about the government of India and about the Reserve Bank of India. The author believes that the Reserve Bank of India and the government must consider the global macroeconomic changes. He tells that the government has taken credit for achieving the macroeconomic stability but it was actually achieved by RBA even though the government claims that it has achieved macroeconomic stability. The author tells that the unemployment has been rising since year 2011. Now we can see from this picture that the fiscal deficit has been reducing since 2011 roughly as we can see from this formula fiscal deficit refers to the borrowings and other liabilities of the government. So it is the duty of the government to maintain the fiscal deficit that is the government should manage its expenditures and borrowings to manage the fiscal deficit but if you see RBA is also helping the government plus it is constantly reminding the government that fiscal deficit targets should not be deviated at any cost even though it is not the duty of RBA. The author tells that RBA should focus on managing its own functions instead of guiding the government on fiscal deficit targets. Now we have mentioned two examples where RBA failed to manage since 2013 the Reserve Bank of India has focused on inflation targeting. So from this time period that is from around 2013 the policy rates of RBA have risen a lot. Now along with this the formal sector which means the businesses started to borrow less so it means that they are investing less if they are not getting money from the banks they are not going to invest on their businesses and because of this the growth has slowed down. Now the inflation has come down the declining price of the oil is also one of the reasons for the inflation reduction even though the inflation targeting seems to have happened the author tells that there was a mini global financial crisis in India and also the growth or steady rise in the non-performing assets of the banks. The author tells that if RBA is working too much on inflation targeting then it loses its focus on the slowly developing financial instability so that it will be focusing more on inflation targeting and not on the moving on or developing financial instability. Now let us see about this ILN FS or the infrastructure leasing and financial services limited crisis in brief. Now one of the subsidiaries of this ILN FS has defaulted its payments which means it did not make its payments on time to the banks. Since it has defaulted it has affected the performance of the investors who invested into that particular subsidiary company then it also affected the banks and the mutual funds which gave capital or money to this ILN FS subsidy. So to summarize what we have seen in today's editorial is about the challenges in inflation targeting and fiscal deficit targeting. We saw this with the help of Washington Consensus and the global financial crisis. Next the RBA is also facing pressure in the form of government intervention. The example that we saw was the resignation of the deputy governor of RBA based on which the author has written this editorial. The author is suggesting that RBA must be left to function independently without any interference from the government. At the same time RBA should not blindly follow certain policy measures because they prove to be harmful in Indian scenario. So the author tells that RBA should take a judicious call on such issues and RBA should function as per its mandate that is as per its legal requirements. We can see that the author has attempted to give some ideas which he has termed as capital infusion. So do not confuse capital for funds but just consider it as ideas only with respect to this editorial. So try to know how the economic policies evolved in the world in the past two, three decades from this editorial because we have been seeing this Washington Consensus which was formed in the year 1989. So from that time you can just get to know what were the economic policies in the world. Then it will also be helpful for you in your main exams where you can quote some examples. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the practice questions discussion session. First question, which article of Indian constitution deals with the temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir? They have given four article numbers, article 312, article 356, article 343 and article 370. In our today's news analysis we saw two articles, one is the article 356 and other is article 370. Now let us see what each article refers to. The first article article 312 deals with all India services and next article 356 deals with the provisions in case of failure of constitution machinery in the states. Next article 343 deals with the official language of the union and finally article 370 deals with the temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. So here the correct answer is option D, article 370. Now try to know the remaining articles also from exam point of view. Moving on to the next question, who among the following are the members of G20 grouping? They have given four countries, India, European Union, Japan and South Africa. Now we saw during our discussion that the G20 summit for this year was held in Japan in the city of Osaka. Then we saw that India, European Union and the BRICS grouping along with USA are part of this G20 grouping. If you see the South Africa also comes under this BRICS grouping, the other members of BRICS grouping are Brazil, Russia, India and China. So all the countries given in this question are correct. The question is asked for the correct answer. The correct answer is option D, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Moving on to the next question, consider the following statements with respect to BS6 norms. Now they have given two statements and I have asked you to choose the correct answer. The first statement is BS6 norms are meant for automobiles only but not for the fuels of automobiles. Now as we have discussed that these BS6 norms are not only for automobiles but also for fuels, the first statement is incorrect. Moving on to the second statement, India is targeting to implement these norms with effect from 1st of April 2020. Therefore, this second statement is correct. So here the question is asked for the correct statements. The correct answer is option B, 2 only since only the second statement is correct. Moving on to the main question, the question is accessible, affordable and quality higher education is the need of Tihar in order to transform higher education landscape in India, discussed. Now for the question given it has asked to discuss the important aspects of the present higher education which needs immediate attention like accessibility, affordability and above all quality. Now in our today's analysis of the topic the higher education policy we have discussed all aspects of the higher education policy with the five-year vision under the name equip. Equip is the acronym for education quality, upgradation and inclusion program. Furthermore in the content aspects try to absorb every important aspects right from gross enrollment ratio to the investment into this higher education sector which we have already discussed in our article analysis of the policy. So you can approach this question this way. Moving on to the next question, what do you understand by deflationary monetary policy, discuss its applicability in the present context of dynamics of the growth and inflation. Kindly read the question once here you have to define inflation targeting monetary policy that is deflationary monetary policy as clearly defined and discussed in our topic. For the second part of the question bring how the inflation could be targeted without compromising the growth prospects that is the dynamics of growth and inflation should be balanced and sustainable. With these justifications we can conclude the answer for the question given. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session. Do like comment and share the video and do subscribe to Shankar Ayes Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.