 Thank you Pallar for the introduction and so that I can go straight to the business. My business this afternoon is to share with you the initiative on capacity building to the local government authorities in regard to formalizing rural land in Tanzania and this has been done by the property and business formalization program which is known in its wide acronym is Kurabita. So I will be referring to the word Kurabita meaning that the property and business formalization program for Tanzania. Let's have a bit of background how has Kurabita been introduced being established. Kurabita is a government institution, a government initiative which was aiming at empowering the poor, empowering the people who are owning land, who are operating businesses in the informal sector and how do we empower them, we empower them by transforming them from being informal to being informal so that they can be part of the economy which is governed by the rule of the law. How was it established? What government to establish the Kurabita thing? The decision to establish Kurabita was basically done in September 2003 and this was done after the third phase government president, his excellency Benjamin William Kappa, who met the known economist of Peru, Hernando de Soto, who explained to him about formalization and what the president decided. He wanted that particular knowledge which he received from Hernando de Soto is being imparted to the people of Tanzania and he called a high-level meeting of all principal leaders in the country who were explained in two days explaining what is formalization and what are the consequences of running economy which is about huge assets which are informal and after he was convinced that the leaders have understood what is formalization then he declared that we are now establishing the Kurabita thing so that it can run the transformation process of transforming people who are in the informal sector to the formal sector and the effectiveness of this program was in November 2004 and the target was all Tanzanians who are owning land and operating business in the informal sector. Now how was it implemented? How the petition was conceived? As I said the conceiving of the program was by the help of this Hernando de Soto I talked about him and the way it was that it has to be implemented in four phases and phase one was to undertake a diagnosis and the diagnosis was being undertaken between November 2004 up to September 2005 and a lot have been seen from it will be discussing them in the next slide and the next phase was reform design and the reform design started in January 2006 up to May 2008 while the third one was implementation phase and implementing the reforms which were proposed during the second phase and this was done between July 2008 to date we are still implementing and the first one is capital formation and good governance and you will see their capital formation and good governance started in July 2010 again to date and now you will wonder why you have two phases running concurrently the reason is that the ultimate goal of the program was to make sure that people who own assets can use the assets to make more money to make more wealth so that's why it was capital formation so if you say let us complete the implementation first then after we have completed we come to the capital formation phase it means there will be some people who will not test the fruits of the implementation phase so we say let's them test while we move we design as we implement we design as we implement that that's why from 2010 we had this thing being implemented together now let's see the magnitude of the informality and you can appreciate why this program was established the magnitude of informality in terms of percentage is around 90 percent of the assets in Tanzania are informal and the value of the assets which are in the informal business and informal land is about 29.3 billion US dollars you can just imagine 29.3 billion US dollars and where where is the break down of this on urban land it was noted that about one million four hundred forty seven thousand plus were not registered and this was eighty nine percent of the entire urban land in the country while the rural land it was about sixty million six hundred thousand hectares of land not registered in this ninety four percent of the land now you can imagine in terms of in terms of value both urban and rural land the value is twenty six point four US dollars billion so you can imagine if you are a sensitive leader if you are a responsible leader you'll have to sit down and say let us do something on this in terms of business although not the focus of this presentation but it's worth knowing it as about four point five million businesses which is ninety eighty percent of all businesses were informal so again something had to be done about business which I informed what's the reason why why is this situation is it that the government doesn't know the meaning is it that the people who are owning or are living in the informal sector don't know the value of it but it was discovered due to the diagnosis that because the laws and regulations which are governing formalization both in terms of land and in terms of businesses we are very cumbersome we are not user friendly it took a long time to implement so people said why why should you bother if they are cumbersome if that is so bureaucratic why should you bother we continue transacting our land businesses transacting our business transaction informally so long as life continues so at the I mean as a result we are two parallel systems we have the system which is formal which is having very few people who comply very few along with informal line which have a lot of people almost all Tanzanians are in this line of informal transactions so the reason have been known and after that said okay something had to be helped to be done in the government now approved that you have to go to the next phase that the second phase we have to design reforms which will take care of all the obstacles which have been noted during the diagnosis phase now because of time you can go to the website and see exactly how the process of reform design was done but for here I'll just share with you the reform design framework in the reform design framework has five major areas in one area are the reforms which are related to real estate property formalization because it is cumbersome now we prepare reforms which are making the process friendly and not cumbersome and more economic and we have another another block that reforms for allowing economic use of real estate assets as I said that we make sure that people use the assets to make money now we created a specific reforms that will make the ability of people to use these assets to make more money to make more growth of the economy the other two two blocks is for business and one is for business formalization and another one is for business growth because we should say many people are just doing business that is for hand-to-mouth we don't want hand-to-mouth businesses want to business which are growing so we had to have specific reforms that allow businesses to grow and the final block the final area is the reforms which are cross-catching they are neither business they are no no no land issues but they are very important if you want the economy to to move forward now we have seen the magnitude of the problem and what do we do now and this Kurabita thing I've got very few people in the countries very big what do we do so that's when the program management unit chose to use this initiative which I'm sharing with you the capacity building approach to let the local government authorities and the reason was to make the local government authorities own the process make the local government authorities accept the process accept and have committed commitment to the process be able to finance and own the process so that everything is being done within the local government authorities areas and all the three areas as I said the rural land the urban land and the businesses we undertook capacity building approach to implement it but for today my focus will be capacity building approach for rural land formalization how did we do it is the capacity building itself is training but the training was theoretical training and practical training in the theoretical training was very important because we wanted to train trainers who will also train other people to undertake the process and you had three levels in doing this one level was at district council level and so the district council level is like the trainers they are training in the word level and the village level so after we are we were through with the participatory land use management team at the district council level went down to the word executive level where we trained the word extension officers in the areas of agriculture community development education forest and health all those together with the team from the the district they went down to the village so in the village level we had a village functionaries trained whom we could the chairman the very executive officer the village land use planning team the village education team all these people are in the land law so after we were convinced that this team are trained enough now we were we went together to the field and now comes the area of practical training and in the practical training the district council was given the mandate to select the villages where the practical training can be implemented so is two or three villages in the activity which were being undertaken in the practical training is preparing land use plans undertaking adjudication undertaking the survey and finally of course giving the the certificate of customer right of work and the CCROs again when we were undertaking the practical training we also prepared districts formalization plan because the the intention is true to leave the capacity to the district so that when we are through they continue so we said okay let's prepare the plan together so we left the plan imagine we were doing in two of three villages but the district council had more than 100 villages so we need to have a plan so that they can use it either to generate funds or to I mean to access funds from donors from their own source when they they have funds that they can continue with implementing what they're supposed to be implementing along with the plan we also constructed a village and registries in some areas because existing how many availability of village and registries is a legal requirement if you formalize a rural land you must have a register at the village at the village level and registered at district level and we had no problem with the district level because at least the situation was you know appealing but if you go to the village the situation was very very bad so in areas where we found no registries we had to construct in areas where we found there were some register but in a very pathetic situation we had to undertake very serious and major innovation so so so that we have the register in place and again while doing this we have provided survey gears and these gears include the GPS we have 10 GPS for each district council two computers one printer cameras eliminating machines land registry for districts land registry for for villages all these things were given to the district council so that after they are through with these two villages they can just continue to another village again the objectives to make sure that all these things after Kurabita has gone they can continue and come up with a formalization agenda implemented now in the course of doing building capacity the results was that we had surveyed 110,000 firms in 280 villages and over 96,000 certificates of customer-active occupants were prepared and issued to the owners and the training it was done in 53 district councils while also because we wanted people to to use this land economically we also trained the owners of formalized land so that they can use to generate capital but one thing which we can be proud of out of the areas which we visited and implemented this thing about 24 district councils managed to start doing it on themselves so they managed to go through 226 villages and surveyed about 17.7 firms now you will wonder that Kurabita did for 280 villages with 110,000 but the district councils went to 226 villages but only 17,000 is because Mukurabita was doing systematic education while the district councils are doing sportage education so you can see there is on why again as a result of building capacity approach we made to reduce land conflicts between farmers and farmers farmers and cater keepers and village and village I think you know about these things we also reduced the bureaucrats we simplified the process of doing it instead of being cumbersome like we saw during the diagnosis that it became simple user-friendly economical and so at the end of the day the local ownership which we wanted was achieved and hence the sustainability of the agenda could be implemented at at the local government of thought level um yeah um sorry yeah as a result of this um many people many and farmers who were trained managed to to access loans to the tune of about 202 million us dollars and not only that farmers started to join pension funds for their benefits uh during their old age now let's look at the challenges um we have a lot of challenges but I'm sure we do these four challenges one of the one of it is the lack of adequate financial resources to undertake formalization but another serious one is lack of finance to undertake study um Mkhrabi just started implementing this thing in 2008 it's now close to 10 years but if you ask me how much we have reduced the informality I cannot tell you because the agenda is being implemented by a lot of people they are USID doing it you have box firm doing it you have the ministers doing it so a lot of people are doing it now if you ask me as a person who is given this mandate I cannot tell you until I do some some studies so uh one of the things which are if I can get any assistance from here that we look some money look some money which you want to undertake this style so that I can stand firm and say this is the way how we have reduced the informality in the country and we need about 745 thousand US dollars to undertake this style so that we have it from the region level um what statistics and um conclusively I can say these four points that the program is purposely placed under the president's office as because of its importance and not only that the program is also in the ruling party manifesto so it is very important and because the ultimate objective is to see transanians running the economy themselves and our fifth government is focusing on industrialization so we want people on through their lens they own through their business they are they operating they are able now to participate in industrializing the country and now we are in the process of doing this study and once again I call upon those who can be with me to get the money for doing this particular study thank you very much for listening and here's the website where you can get all the information and here is my email you can come back to me and my mobile telephone number is also here thank you very much for listening