 the radical fundamental principles of freedom, rational self-interest and individual rights. This is The Iran Book Show. Oh, hey, everybody. Welcome to Iran Book Show on this... What is it? It's Tuesday. Tuesday. I don't know. It feels like I've been running around already all week and everything is... Anyway, it is Tuesday. I hope you guys are having a great week. I see I've already got a mistake in the title. It should be B21, not B31. I apologize for that. Slippy fingers. I knew it was B21. But we will be talking about that as well. Let's see if I can edit. I wonder if I can edit the video on the fly. Hi. Maybe we'll see. Hopefully, everybody is having a great week. Welcome to today's edition of Iran's news update. We will be talking about a bunch of different stories in the news today. Let's just see. All right. Fix the title. Let's get this all. There we go. All right. So, we'll be talking about a bunch of news and we'll be trying to keep this at about half an hour. I know Spain is playing Morocco. Hopefully, Spain wins. So, we'll keep a running update or somebody will update me on the chat and then Portugal is playing later today. I'm really looking forward to the quarterfinals of this World Cup. It looks like an exciting World Cup. It's going to be Argentina, France versus Brazil, I think. So, that's going to be a good final. That's going to be a good final and good teams and good stuff. All right. Let's jump right in. So, news from Russia. Ukraine has been on much of the defensive at the beginning of this war. It's been on the offensive in the last few months, really since the summer, where it's made significant gains on the ground. Well, today was reported that, today and yesterday, I think it was reported that a couple of air force bases inside Russia, close to Moscow, one of them actually close to the Ukrainian border, the other close to Moscow, have been attacked by drones, by Ukrainian drones. So, Ukrainian taking the offensive into Russian territory, that is really, that hasn't happened much, not explicitly in this way. They've attacked Crimea, but Crimea, they claim is their territory. This is actually inside Russia. I think it's great news. I think it's good news that Ukrainian have the capacity. It's good news that they have the guts to do it. It's good news that the Russians start feeling this in their home territory, while the Ukrainians, I think, smartly are not targeting civilians. They're targeting military facilities. They blew up two Abomas, as far as I can tell. Good news, ultimately. I think a shift in the war, I think we might be surprised this winter at the extent of Ukrainian advances against the Russian forces on the ground, in spite of the weather, in spite of the cold. I think Ukraine is far better positioned to fight under these conditions than the Russians. And, of course, we know that there's a huge gap in motivation between the two forces, which is crucial and huge at a time of war. We will see how the West, the United States, and Western Europe use Ukrainian attacking Russia in Russia. When the United States supplied, the Ukrainians with long-range artillery, the Himmars, they adjusted the weapon system so they could not be used to attack targets within Russia. The Americans are not saying they do not want the Ukrainians to be on their offensive, or at least they're saying that they perceive the Ukraine attacking Russia on Russian land would be escalation that the United States would not support. We'll see if they respond in any kind of negative way to these attacks. Hopefully not. Ukraine has to do whatever it needs to do in order to defend itself. It needs to do whatever it needs to do in order to get rid of the Russian forces from Ukrainian land, and if that means attacking Russia where Russia is, then so be it. Do you notice that the saber-rattling of our nuclear attack has dissipated significantly, which is interesting, which I suggested all along. It was incredibly unlikely that the Russians were actually serious about it. All right, we got Tessa from Copenhagen. That's cool. I assume we've got on these shows we'll get more Europeans. We will see. Maybe it has something to do with the topics I choose, but we'll see if we get more Europeans given the time of day. Okay, let's see. So on the ground in Ukraine, things are very slow. The Russians keep attacking this one city or town in eastern Ukraine. They've been attacking it for months now. This is the Wagner group. This is really a group of mercenaries. So this is kind of a private military that the Russians have used all over the world, particularly in Syria. They've been attacking and attacking and attacking Bakhmut, I think it's called though, something like that. And they still haven't taken the town. So a lot of fighting around there. There's a lot of fighting in other places around east and northeast Ukraine. Nobody is gaining anything so far. The Ukrainians seem to be chipping away at the Russian defenses, but everybody's kind of hunkered down for winter. But as I said, I expect Ukraine to make real gains this winter. All right. So that's for the Ukraine War. I'll update you periodically about what's going on there. But it's kind of, there's not much to talk about other than this attack. Relatively deep into Russian territory, which is kind of a first for the Ukrainians. And it shows how drones are going to change warfare completely. Drones are dramatically going to change warfare. You've got suicide drones that the Russians are using. And you've got missile bearing drones. You've got a variety of different drones out there. But you know, drones have been used now for 40 years, but they're really coming into their own. They are becoming a dominant weapon system on the battlefield. Let's see. What else did I want to say about Ukraine? Yeah, the only other thing about Ukraine, as you probably know this, is basically Russia is taking out all the electrical power, all the energy supplies into Ukraine. Basically, they're trying to freeze the Ukrainians into defeat. So they're trying to destroy the morale within Ukraine, so that Ukrainians just give up. Ukrainians are going to have civilians in Ukraine and are going to have a very, very difficult winter with very little electricity and very little heat. And it's going to be a struggle. But I have a feeling, again, my sense is that this will not defeat the Ukrainians or it will not subdue the Ukrainians. The Ukrainians seems highly motivated to fight back and to win this war. All right. Let's see. And Paul, I'm glad you're able to listen to show or watch a show live, as it may be. If you remember, Super Chat is available for these morning shows. We've got a target of about $250. You can ask questions. Please do so. I have a, particularly in these shows, I have a preference for high-dollar questions primarily because the shows are short, so we don't have a lot of time to do like 20 different questions to get to $250. We're going to have to get some $20, $50, $100 questions so we can get to that number fast. So please consider using those denominations for your questions and we can see if we can keep keep hitting our targets. Yesterday, we hit it the last minute, thanks to Jeff, who came in with $100 Canadian dollars to allow us to get to that level. So let's see if we can keep hitting the $250 goal. All right. Earlier this year, I talked about the baby formula crisis in the United States. We did a show on that. Scott Lin Sikom, who is one of my favorite commentators on economic policy these days. He's excellent. If you don't follow Scott Lin Sikom, L-I-N-C-I-C-O-M-E on Twitter, you should. He is excellent. Glenn, thank you for the $100. Really, really appreciate it. See, that's how we're going to get on these shows, the $250 is if people jump in with that kind of support. I really appreciate that. Scott has been on top of this baby formula story from its beginning. There was a massive shortage in baby formula in the late spring and in the summer. I mean, parents were frantic. Parents were desperate. 75% of babies in the United States depend to some extent on the availability of baby formula. And there was a real shortage for a variety of reasons, which I covered before. A closing by the FDA of a particular plant, but more deeply a complete distortion of the market in the United States of baby formula because of the way welfare is allocated, welfare to poor mothers who that money is used to buy baby formula and how they allocate that and how they subsidize it, basically government involvement in this market completely distorted the market and it helped create very few suppliers domestically. And when they shut down the Abbott plant, there was a significant shortage. But also the shortage is caused by the fact that we don't import baby formula. For example, Europe is a massive manufacturer of baby formula. And what's interesting is Europe has very stringent food safety regulations. Why don't we just accept the FDA equivalent in Europe as a good standard and just import all the baby formula Europe can produce. The shortage would have been gone if we had done that. It took the FDA a long time to allow for more baby formula to enter into the country from Europe. It did ultimately, the US lowered tariffs on baby formula earlier in the year and by lowering, so we have tariffs on baby formula. Who knew? See how these things and that of course restricts importation, but also the FDA doesn't approve a lot of the companies that and they have to go through an approval process. Why when food in Europe is just as healthy if not healthier than in the US? So why doesn't FDA just say, if you get approved in Europe, you're okay in the United States as well. And vice versa. If the FDA approved something, the Europeans should say, sure, it's approved here as well. They should do that with drugs and they should do that with food. Anyway, in spite of the fact that they opened up, in spite of the fact that the FDA allowed some food, some formula to come in from Europe, in spite of the fact that tariffs were lowered 25% tariffs on baby formula. Why? To protect American manufacturers, to protect the welfare system. Basically, I mean, again, I'm not going to go through the whole story that I went through in the baby formula story I did earlier this year. Anyway, there's still a baby formula shortage. It's not as bad as it was. It's a lot less, but there's still shortages in significant parts of the country. And Congress suspended the tariffs earlier in the year in order to reduce the impact, in order to reduce the impact. The Abbott plant in Michigan has been reopened, but there's still a shortage. And tariffs, I expect that to snap back in January 2023. It tariffs is like the dumbest tax of all. Why are we taxing baby formula? I mean, is it because we have a trade deficit with Europe? Anyway, let's hope, hope, hope is all we have. Let's hope that people like Scott Lindsey Combe and others who put pressure on Congress to try to get rid of these, maybe, maybe even permanently, permanently eliminate tariffs on baby formula coming in from anywhere in the world. And let's get real pressure on the FDA to allow the importation of baby formula from Europe without the FDA having to give its own additional stamp of approval. Same should be with Canada. There are certain countries that even at the current regulatory structure, we can make things a lot easier to import stuff by just accepting kind of each other's regulatory regimes. Now, I'd like to see regulatory regimes eliminated completely and privatized and for private certification to arise and for baby formula and everything else. But short of that, we've got an FDA, it's not going away. Let's at least do some rational steps to make it function better. Real estate markets, we're starting to see the very beginnings, I think, of real estate challenges that are going to hit, I think, in 2023. As I've said in the past, I think we're heading towards a recession. I think a recession is going to be very difficult to avoid. I think the last couple of days, the markets keep changing their minds, but the last five to days, the markets have traded down, I think, as a consequence of more realization than that might be coming. But one of the ways in which I think that recession will manifest itself is a slowdown and a real crisis in commercial real estate, particularly in office space. I think we're really going to see a challenge in office space moving forward. I think that's going to affect most cities around the country. I think it affect the banking sector. I think it affect a significant portion of our economy that is tied to that. If you think about it, office space was struggling because of COVID. Of course, it lay empty for a long time during COVID. People got used to working at home, and many companies have maintained work at home standards. They were allowing people for work at home. As a consequence of that, companies have scaled down their office space demands, office space requirements. I see that just at the Ironman Institute. The Ironman Institute is basically a virtual company now. As a consequence of that, we subleased a big chunk of our office space in California. I think more than 50% of our office space, we subleased. We trimmed back, and I think you're going to see that. We've seen that all over the country. New York in particular, which has a lot of office space and a lot of companies that are not requiring their people to come back to work, at least not five days a week. Therefore, people can share offices. They can trim back on office space. Of course, we're also hearing about layoffs. In certain types of professions, particularly in tech, tech is a consumer of office space. Those kind of layoffs are going to have an impact on office space availability. We're also seeing tech companies reduce their—just try to reduce expenses, try to cut down on expenses. That is going to play a significant role. Generally, I think if you start out with COVID and the whole that that put the real estate market in, and then the fact that we never really recovered from that in terms of people expected to come to work in the office, so a certain percentage of people are never going to go back to the office, so a certain percentage of office space has disappeared. Then you add to that a session, or at least an economic slowdown, which is going to cost companies to trim back. I'll just give you an example. Meta, the company that owns Facebook, or the Facebook that changed its name to Meta, had, I think, 250,000 square feet of office space at the New Hudson Yards development in New York, which is this massive, beautiful modern development in—I think it's in the west side of Manhattan. They have just vacated that, 250,000 square feet. That is a lot of square feet. Companies like Meta are cutting costs. They're cutting costs a few of the coming recession. I think you're going to see more of that, not less of that. Then finally, the thing that ultimately tips the balance and actually causes real distress, that is, real estate companies going under, developers struggling, office towers having to sell at huge discounts. What actually tilts that is interest rates. That is, with interest rates on the rise, it's going to harder for people to fund developments. Banks are charging a lot more. It's harder for people to buy real estate to real estate, because in a sense, like just your home mortgage goes up, the debt that you have to take on in order to buy an office building is more expensive. Therefore, you can afford less office building. So we're going to see, I think, one of the manifestations of this recession that we're heading into. It has a feedback effect. The recession makes the real estate market worse. The real estate market going down makes the recession worse. These things feed off of each other. I think you're going to see that in most metropolitan areas around the country. New York is probably going to suffer as much, if not more, than anyone else. But that's, I think, 2013 is going to be a difficulty economically. I've told you this before. You should be preparing. You should be saving. You should have contingency plans. It really is going to be tough, I think, ultimately in employment. It's going to be tough on investments and things like real estate. I think people are really feeling that in the residential real estate market, but it's also going to affect the commercial office building real estate market. All right. Let's see. That's real estate. Let's do a run quickly. So I think in the previous show, maybe yesterday, I can't remember, I talked about news coming out that the morality police was going to be disbanded in Iran. Now the Iranian press or media is denying that claim. And I think what's going on in Iran right now is one attempts to placate the West and maybe placate some demonstrators or some Iranians who are sitting on the fence. But I think more than that, what I expect is happening in Iran is a real power play. That is what I expect is happening within Iran is that some people within the regime, the more moderate people, to the extent that there's such a thing, want to have certain reforms like getting rid maybe of the Hajjab and maybe as and maybe getting rid of the morality police in an attempt to placate the protesters and in an attempt to maintain the regime's control. What they're really scared of is that the demonstrators, the demanding regime change, and they're really scared of that possibility actually becoming a reality. So what you're seeing is a power struggle inside. I won't be surprised if we see more contradictory statements coming out of Iran in terms of what they're willing to do, what they're not willing to do. In the meantime, demonstrations continue. If anything, demonstrations might be intensifying. The regime so far, from the perspective of demonstrators, has presented a weak front in that it is not resorted to the kind of violence we have seen from the Iranian regime in the past. They haven't resorted yet to the kind of brutality that they often resort to. So we will see what's going on. We will see what happens. I keep an eye on them. I keep tweeting about that or retweeting really because I have no original material there. But I keep retreating about what's going on in Iran. So if you're interested, follow me on Twitter. And we will keep talking about what is going on in Iran here on the Iran Book Show in the morning briefings and if there's major news in the evening shows as well. By the way, people are asking, when's the evening show? The evening show will be tonight at 8 p.m. Puerto Rico time, so 7 p.m. Eastern time. That'll be tonight, 8 p.m. Puerto Rico time, 7 p.m. Eastern time tonight. So we'll see how these two shows in a day work out. I don't have a topic yet. I'll be working on a topic in the hours to come. All right, let's see. Finally, I guess on the front of good news or advances, the United States over the weekend, I think or end of last week, revealed the latest, latest bomber, the B-21, which is a strategic bomber. Whoops, I keep, I keep not, all right. B-21, which is this new strategic bomber for the United States, it can carry both nuclear and conventional bombs. It is a stealth airplane. It is a modern stealth airplane. So it's a new generation stealth. This replaces the very old B-52s, which are what, 60 years old now? And the old B-2s, which and B-3s, the B-2s, I think are 35 years old. The B-3s may be a little less. But that B-21 looks like an unbelievably cool airplane. It is the kind of technologically, technological advancement that keeps the United States ahead of its adversaries. This kind of airplane, I don't think the Chinese or the Russians have or anywhere near close to anything like it. It is a significant advance on what we've had before. It has the kind of range where it can take off in the United States and make it to China and back as far as I can understand. It will replace the B-52s that are in service, and it'll give the United States a real strategic advantage over its rivals. I mean, one of the challenges the U.S. has, and this really needs to be a much longer discussion, but one of the real strategic challenges the United States have vis-à-vis China, is that China now has sophisticated missiles that put its aircraft carriers in distress. I mean, these missiles can go from any way to 1,800 miles, maybe even 3,000 miles. So aircraft carriers can't get close enough to China to pose a real threat, and that would be very relevant in the case of Taiwan, because Taiwan is so close to China. These B-21s give the United States, no matter what happens, range to get to mainland China, range to get to Taiwan, range to be able to bomb ships in the Taiwan Straits in case of a war there. So this is a real example of American technological innovation of America's lead as compared to China. I've been reading a lot about weapons in China and the U.S. I'll do a show on that. It's kind of interesting in the role the Iraq War of 1991 played in everybody's strategic thinking about war. We should talk about that. It's kind of interesting. But this is true stealth. This is unlikely to be, this is likely to be able to evade the latest land-to-air missile technology that the Russians and the Chinese have. I think a lot of the Chinese technology is built around Russian technology. These are phenomenal airplanes and I think provide us with real, again, superiority. I think the United States need this kind of deterrent capacity to deter the Chinese from doing anything too stupid. All right, we're about $88 short of our goal today. So hopefully in the next few minutes we will make that up. I've been asked to go a little slower at the end of the show. So some of you can step in and get us to where we need to be in terms of the final number. But so I'm telling you now so you know in advance. Again, thank you to Glenn for getting us this close. Okay, let's do some super chats. Friend Harper says, after your CS Lewis debate, there was a panel about some aspect of conservatism. If you remember any of it, could you share what it was about? Or if there was anything interesting you heard, have a great day? Yeah, it was a panel with Carl Rove, remember Carl Rove and George Will. George Will probably my favorite or one of my favorite conservatives around about the future of conservatism and in that connection the future of a Republican party. And it was I thought it was pretty good. Nothing dramatic, nothing spectacular. They were both very adamantly anti-Trump. I thought that was refreshing. And a few times when they said something particularly anti-Trump, the audience kind of clapped and cheered. George Will certainly considers himself a conservative. He talks about being part of the conservative movement. He is not a Republican. He has left the Republican Party. He is also very critical of the Republican Party. And indeed, one of the issues that came up is how does a conservative movement succeed outside of the Republican Party? Because the Republican Party from their perspective, what they deem as conservative is not welcome anymore within the Republican Party. I think George Will is one of the more brilliant public intellectuals we have today. So it was a discussion around those kind of things and the State of the Republican Party and Trump and how dominant is Trump within the Republican Party and things like that. So again, I didn't think there was anything new other than maybe some reinforcement to the fact that there is a significant anti-Trump contingency within the Republican within the kind of the general right or more conventional right. Now I found part of it entertaining because Carl Rove presented himself as this diehard Reagan Republican. Give me a break. I mean, Carl Rove was like Bush's, I mean, Carl Rove was a pragmatic, do whatever you need to do. Carl Rove was part of the compassionate conservatism. There's nothing Reagan asked. There's nothing free market about Carl Rove. He came out to be this big free market guy as if he and George Will were on the same level. Carl Rove is a nobody and nothing. And in this, you know, he presented himself though as this remnant of old line Reaganite conservatives. It's good to know that at least they're claiming to be part of that, that there's some, that lives on at least to some extent. I mean, he strikes me as a real pragmatist. I never, ever, ever, ever liked Carl Rove or George Bush. But I am a, you know, relative fan of George Will. So again, no, no revelations there, nothing startling. Okay. Mike, Michael Sanders asked, when are you doing your next long format show? I want to ask non-usual related questions. So that's tonight, 7 p.m. East Coast time. Stephen asked how you're on, how much do you know about the history of public accommodations? Was it getting easier for blacks to find hotels that would house them before the Civil Rights Act was passed? Well, I think it really depends where. I don't know that much about public accommodations. You know, it depends where I think it was getting easier, certainly in the North. I don't know that it was really getting easier in the South. I think there was real resistance still in the South. There was still Jim Crow in mentality and in the law. And not unfortunately, while there were significant changes in the economic positioning of blacks in America, particularly in the North, blacks were becoming more middle class, much faster, particularly much faster than they have since the Warfare State before the Civil Rights Act. I don't think there was, in the South, I don't think there was much movement on discrimination. But I'll have to look into public, the history of public accommodations. I don't know that much about it, just my general sense. All right, Vadim with $20. Thank you, Vadim. So we're now $68 short of our goal. I think we can make $68. Somebody can help us do that. What do you think happened to Paul Ryan? I remember watching an old video on YouTube when he said he was inspired by Iran. Yeah, I mean, I don't think anything happened to Paul Ryan. I think he was always, he loved Atlas Shrugged. He was inspired by Iran. He was inspired by that vision. But Paul Ryan was always a Catholic. He was always a politician. He was always a standard conservative. He was never philosophically aligned with Iran. He never adopted ethics. And he said so years and years ago, even though he said he was inspired by Iran, he always said, but I'm not, I don't agree with the philosophy always. I mean, going back, way back, you know, in early 2000s, at least, it's not the 90s. Politically, Paul Ryan, well, he had some really good ideas. I think he was, from an ideas perspective, for a politician. He's one of the best we've ever had in recent times, I'd say in the last 40 years. And he often proposed really good legislation. The reality is that he voted for every bad legislation that the Republicans ever promoted, including an expansion of Medicare during the 2000s, where he voted for part D of Medicare and fought for it and promoted it and so on. So while he had some good ideas, I think the best idea, good idea he had was a virtualization of Medicare. He usually had the good ideas when he was in the opposition. As soon as they got into the majority, Republicans are terrible when they're in a majority. They're a good opposition party sometimes. And Paul Ryan, this was true. He was a good opposition, oppositionary politician, but not when he was a majority. So nothing happened to him. This is what he always was. Nothing changed about him. He still would claim that he's inspired by in red, but what does that mean? It doesn't mean much to be inspired by. Okay, Jake says, Bolton, John Bolton 2024, I wish. I think the odds of that are zero. Kyle says, hi, Iran. I've been listening to you since you were guest spots and Leonard Peacock's podcast. Thank you for all that you do. I appreciate it, Kyle. Thank you for being such a loyal follower. Robert, thank you for the support. Daniel, don't companies, transitions out of commercial real estate help to mitigate a recession because of cost savings? Yeah, but you've also got, what that happens is you get a decline in the prices of real estate, which causes less new real estate development to happen. So less investment in real estate, less jobs in construction, less jobs in design, less jobs in building the buildings and designing the buildings. And that filters down to furniture and to air conditioning units and everything else that goes into a building. There's less demand for all those other things. So don't just never look just at the first layer of effect, always go to the deeper layer of effects. And that's much more substantial that the cost saving that the companies get from cheaper rents or from cheaper prices of buildings that they now occupy. So it's the slowdown in production. It's a slowdown in production of real estate that happens as a consequence of a recession. And it leads us towards a recession because that costs go up because jobs go away because there's less construction going on. All right, Colin says the Zionism AI chat GPT show was fantastic. Thank you. Unfortunately, I don't know, not that people I think are watching it. So again, I often wonder what dictates what shows do really, really well and what shows don't. I thought that show would do well partially because Zionism is controversial. So the leftists would watch it in there. I thought GPT chat GPT would be interesting. Yeah. No one out there is providing such great analysis. I appreciate that. And I think that's true. I think the same thing was true of my chip show, which I think is underrated. I thought that was a great show and a real interesting topic. Okay, Matthew, Matthew, do you have any thoughts on proportional representation for elections? They may be a push for it in the UK soon. You know, I don't know. I think that I'm pretty indifferent to the different type of election mechanisms. I think that how we elect our representatives is much, much, much less important than what we allow those representatives to do. That is constitutionally, whether we have a separation of powers, which the UK really doesn't. And whether we have a constitution that limits their power, which again, I think the UK doesn't have. So I'm less concerned about how we elect. You know, every one of these systems is tried somewhere in the world, and there's no way in the world where they're super happy with their election system or super happy with the government order. And certainly that I would be super happy with the government. So I don't think these things solve the problem. All right. Let's see. We've got one. We've got $33.67 left to get that $250. Hopefully somebody will step in with like, you know, I don't know, $35 to clear us. In the meantime, Tom says the lumber industry is so inefficient that firms are buying firms and consolidating them. Yes, that often happens when you have a bunch of inefficient companies, the most productive thing you can do is roll them up, create one where you have some economies of scale and maybe some managerial expertise to really bring efficiency to that company. So consolidation is often a means for increased efficiency, partially because economy scale, partially because of managerial talent. There's not that much of it. So it's better to concentrate it on fewer larger firms. All right. This is the last super chat question. You've got an opportunity with $35 to get us over the $250 goal. All right. Glenn just did it. All right. Glenn has really come through today. Thank you, Glenn. I started linking your videos in mine, as I said I would, but I had a 99 drop in views starting at the end of November. I think you two changed something in the algorithm. Have you noticed anything? I've definitely noticed a decrease in views and I've definitely noticed, I don't know, yeah, definitely noticed a decrease in views, particularly for the long format videos and but also the short one. So yeah, something happened at the end of November, something's happened at the, I'd say sometime in November that changed all that. I don't know what it is exactly. I don't know what caused it. I don't know what they're doing in the algorithm, but certainly I saw change. The biggest change I've seen is on subscribers. Subscribers is dead. I mean, once in a while I do a topic where a lot of people leave and the one I did on anti-Semitism caused a bunch of people to leave and that's fine, but usually I get enough added ones to compensate for that, but it really has, subscriptions have really struggled, I'd say for about a month, a month and a bit, and in ways that are just atypical of the way it was. So I'm sure it has to do with the algorithm, something to do with the algorithm changes. I don't know exactly what it is. Anyway, that's where we are. All right, everybody, cool. 40 minutes, that's cool. We'll try to have more of these shows stay short. All right, we made a goal. I really am thankful to Glenn for making that possible and for all the other superchatters that contributed to that. Thank you guys. I will see you all tonight, 7 p.m. Eastern time, but also tomorrow. Yeah, I know the times keep changing. I keep promising you a particular time and then changing my mind because meetings pop up, other things pop up. During the day it's hard to commit, but tomorrow I expect to do it at 11 a.m. East Coast time. So that is the expectation. See you all tonight or tomorrow. Bye, everybody. Have a good day.