 Hello and welcome to this lesson where we will look at key quotations in animal form relating to the theme of equality and of course the flip side of that theme is inequality. So George Orwell does deliberately trigger us to think about these notions of equality initially when we're thinking about how the animals are treated terribly by Farmer Jones and his men. You can clearly see there's a huge inequality between the animals and the men. However equality is briefly established once the revolution takes place. Okay so once the revolution takes place even snowball and a lot of the pigs try to educate all the other animals and there's a little bit of a blissful period okay where there's equality established and all the animals are really happy and joyous. However the fact that this still descends into inequality but this time between the animals this of course kind of closely ties in with class in the sense that animals much like human beings have this propensity they have this ability to basically divide themselves okay there still is always going to be some kind of inequality some animals will do better at some tasks and others some animals will be more clever than others and there's always this inequality that emerges okay and of course the inequality that emerges by the end of this story is even worse to some degree than what existed when the human beings were still there okay. So the notion of equality and inequality is a really important theme within this novella so of course you have to remember key quotations relating to that so as you can see behind me I've prepared the main quotes to consider if you're writing about equality okay again as I mentioned equality is just equality between the animals and the men and this obviously represents the equality between classes so that the kind of closely tied with the notion of class okay. Also of course remember that this context you represents how there was lots of inequality in Russia before the Russian Revolution in 1917 there was you know the few people who were close to the monarch, Zahar Nicholas, who enjoyed life but then the vast majority of Russians the poor working class peasants basically had no equality okay so they were treated really terribly the lives were difficult however there was a brief period of equality between men when the communist revolution took place however this inequality was then established later on especially under Stalin okay and what this is showing is George Orwell's wider point that it actually might be a little bit unrealistic to expect human beings to always seek equality okay there's always a tendency within human beings to kind of try and one up each other try to compete with each other and of course competition never produces equal equality okay this notion is something that's built within us okay so maybe one of the things that Animal Farm is trying to show is just how perhaps equality is maybe something that is a bit of a utopia but something that maybe might not be achieved okay so let's look at the first quote relating to the theme of equality okay so the old major asks when he is obviously rising and really getting the animals to consider this revolution he asks them and makes them trigger trigger to consider how unequal they are in relation to the men he asks why then do we continue in this miserable condition because ellipsis the produce of our labor stolen by from us by human beings and of course here what all majors basically get the animals to think of is they live in this horrible condition that overworked they're not even paid they're not of course they're not paid but also they are not fed very well and and it's because all this stuff is taken all the produce and everything that they do which is of benefit is taken immediately by human beings who take advantage of them okay so of course here what we can see is inequality between animals and men okay and what this reflects of course is during the just before the Russian Revolution in 1917 up until then the monarchy as well as the elite so this is the richest people in society basically used to really profit from the hard work and the labor of most majority of Russian people the poor working class and you know the communist revolution was triggered as a result of this okay now the word of analysis you want to focus on with this first quotation is firstly of course the adjective miserable to show the inequality that the animals really suffered as a result of not being treated well by the men and also the old major ask a rhetorical question and then he answers this rhetorical question so always remember if somebody in a speech or in a passage asks a question then immediately answers it that is what we call high perfora okay that's an important device to bear in mind okay so let's look at the second quotation relating to the theme of equality and inequality okay so here old major states man serves the interests of no creature except himself and of course what this is showing is a vast inequality between the animals and men okay here what this is showing is just how vastly selfish men are and the basically use animals the animals lived on old majors farm to basically you know they use them for their own ends and a man only looks after himself okay now here what you could talk about when it when you do a word level analysis is firstly of course the verb serves to show the selfishness are and inequality and inequality actually is created by selfishness when someone is selfish or people are just looking out for their own narrow interest this is when inequalities created okay and this is emphasized through this book and also the words man as well as himself because this is referring back and repeating the subject of this line this is what we call a nephor okay so a nephoric reference is made back to man okay the third quotation relating to equality and inequality is when old major then tells them all okay guys don't forget all animals are equal okay and this is illustrating the importance of equality and he's basically telling them look solve all your problems always treat each other kindly but also see each other as equal okay so the word level analysis you want to do here is firstly the abstinence of a in all animals are equal as well as of course this is a declarative sentence remember declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact feeling or mood so basically what old major saying is guys if you want to be happy if you only you know a blissful life on this farm you need to treat each other with equality and of course this is the principle of animalism that animals are equal and of course this reflects communism that all humans are equal especially working class people okay the next quotation relating to the theme of equality and inequality is when Napoleon takes over and then he becomes more greedy for power and he only looks out for himself and becomes selfish now the pigs serve their own interest to basically replicate what manuals doing but now it's pigs and squealer of course his head of propaganda his own that kind of is he uses language really well he's very skillful in the way he uses language to manipulate the animals into believing okay that's fine if they you know if they kind of take the make and they'd betray principles of animalism squealer asks you will not rob us of our repose would you comrades ellipses surely we should to see jones back so here he's justifying when the pigs started sleeping in the beds that old major and his men used to use okay so when the revolution happened on animal farm it was agreed that old major's house and all the things within the house will not be used however now the pigs are basically establishing inequality okay so the pigs are taking all the nice stuff for themselves and using all the stuff that they're not supposed to use for their own selfish interests whilst the rest of the animals sleep outside in the cold okay now here squealer is obviously being really manipulative and in making sure that a stab that inequality stays between the pigs and the rest of the animals and we can see this firstly through the contrast in the pronouns you which is to do with the animals that squealer is addressing versus us okay so there's a you and us dynamic which of course there's this group so there's inequality between of course the pigs who are us versus the other animals who are the outside as you okay and obviously this is emphasizing inequality the other one level analysis you can do here is of course the verb Rob so squealer is being really manipulative here with his language and trying to make the animals feel like okay inequality is kind of justified you know we should treat the pigs better than everybody else you know we really don't want to rob them of their happiness okay and finally squealer asks two rhetorical questions okay so of course this is a structural point and he uses these rhetorical questions to try and make the animals really scared and hence they'll follow whatever he says the next quotation which relates to the theme of equality and equality is actually so it's two sets of quotations and of course they don't happen in the same part of the novel okay so early on the sheep are taught because they can't remember everything in the alphabet okay the intellectual knowledge is really limited and so they told okay don't worry about learning the alphabet just remember this four legs good two legs bad okay and again what this is doing is establishing equality between the animals because anything with four legs is good okay treat them fairly anything with two legs is bad because they mistreat you which is humans okay and so I'm gonna kind of tie in with this later quote which is later on and of course this is in chapter 10 the sheep are manipulated by Napoleon and the pigs and the sheep can't think for themselves they're just told to change this chart to four legs good two legs better okay and of course here what the pigs have decided to do is re-establish inequality and manipulate the other animals but making them think that actually no no no it's fine it's fine you know when we think about men they're even better than us okay so they're just basically re-establishing inequality now with the first quotation the main word love analysis you want to do here is firstly the repetition of the words legs okay and also the adjective for which emphasizes the equality between all the animals how it's important to treat animals as you know special beings and establish equality okay also you want to focus on the oxymoron of good and bad okay this is in contrast of course to when the sheep change after the manipulated by Napoleon and they say that four legs good two legs better so here better firstly is a comparative adjective okay and again here this is language that's being used to manipulate the other animals into accepting their inferior status and also the exclamatory sentence as being here that's used here okay now remember exclamatory sentence is any sentence that states a strong feeling or in people shouting and it always ends an exclamation mark the final quote to remember when it comes to the theme of equality and inequality is where we learn that the pigs basically establish inequality they're the ones who basically become almost like slave masters and they mistreat the animals they use whips to keep you know to keep them in shape okay to make sure that they're working basically establishing inequality again so the pigs are at the top all the other animals are being treated like rubbish okay except for the dogs who are the God dogs okay now the quotation to remember for this which shows the inequality that goes back on the farm under the podium is the pigs all carried whips and they're in their trotters okay so the pigs all carried whips in their trotters is just basically like human beings okay so and to some degree actually it's even worse when you're oppressed by somebody who's the same as you so when you're mistreated by somebody doesn't look like you okay you can kind of understand that maybe they're mistreating you because they don't understand what you're going through however it's much worse when you're mistreated by those who you fought against okay because that's a huge element of betrayal now here of course you can see that there's lots of inequality in fact the pigs are now using violence to hold the other animals down okay in terms of word love analysis focus on the noun whips okay it's very violent okay using a whip is a very violent action okay and also you've got a literation of tea in their trotters okay so that's really it when it comes to understanding and remembering key quotations for the theme of of equality and of course the flip side of equality being inequality in animal form by George Orwell thank you so much for listening