 The gut-associated lymphoid tissue, GALT, is composed of PAYAS patches, PPS, which are clusters of lymphoid follicles found in the small intestine. These structures serve as immune sensors for the intestines, allowing them to detect foreign substances such as bacteria and antigens. The functioning of these structures is dependent on the interaction between immune cells and the follicle for associated epithelium. Pathogen recognition receptor-NOT2 plays a key role in this process, regulating the number, size, and T cell composition of PPS. Additionally, CD4 plus T cells present in the PPS are able to modulate the paracellular and transcellular permeability of the intestine. Mutations in NOT2 have been linked to two diseases, Crohn's disease and Graf versus host disease, suggesting that PPS dysfunction may play a role in these conditions. This article was authored by Camille Jung, Jean-Pierre Huguet, and Frederic Bayou.