 Audience who has questions, please raise your hands for our speakers. The microphone. Thank you very much. My name is Enest Muro from Cameroon. My question is for Nirmal. I want to find out from you, in addition to what you presented here on Commune Forest Street in Nepal, you should give me some more information about development policies or how those government comes in in order to actually promote, to make sure that the efforts that the local governments are doing actually works to achieve the desired results. Are the local governments or the national governments, is it with anything to promote the efforts of the communities? I'm Christian from Nepal. I have a question for you all. So for Nirmal, I'd like to talk about the Kappa, also the part of the CFUG. And how these Kappa give home. So how they send it for the climate change and other patients. And the second presenter, we agree that the model has a different opportunity cost for the deeper states. But in the local context, it's in a fit because those who are the poor developing countries or poor countries, the differences take place for their livelihood, not for the talking about the opportunity cost and so on. All the illegal timber are resting due to the economic benefit from the illiterate people's captives rather than the other things. So also these things to link for these models you present. And then the last presenter, I have some queries about the, we agree about the, in our case in Nepal also we have pretty much all of the, this rating mechanism there. Just the beginning for the sensitizing to the communities. Oh, the rate point that you conserved by that you feel for. But in the case of these, the poor communities or forest dependent communities, how these communities get benefits from the rate? Based on your experience. But that's all. Question in the back. My name is Tulki Barwin from Finland. And I would like to ask from the last presenter about the low density forest and the usefulness of red plants already. Because this is like, if you read some text that people say that red is just for very dense forest. But you from your presentation, I understood that also low density forest are way lower and beautiful red. Could you tell a little more about this? More questions? I have a question to Helen. Helen, does your model take into account the policy makers decision making? Like the influence of the policy maker in the decision making of the, let's say farmer, if the farmer has to go from the agriculture to forestry, there are some restrictions. And for Babiba, I have the second question regarding the, when you collected the information, did you also ask the question whether these farms or households have the information about the weather like from the extension services on climate information? So we start with the Helen and continue Zabiba. Thank you for your question. So there was one question about how theory fits reality. Of course, it's an important question. What I wanted to do with this paper is to talk about how we think about the opportunity cost. And I think it's very relevant because it is, at the end, how some money will be given to those countries and how then, you know, at the end, it will have an impact on the local community. What I am addressing is, of course, very abstract. I completely agree with you and I am not considering questions like illegal timber harvesting or anything that is a market failure or an institutional failure. I use this kind of perfect word where deforestation has an economic sense for people. And in this case, what can we do to reduce it? You know, that was the framework. Of course, if you tell me that most of the deforestation happened without any economic sense, well then this model doesn't have any answer, right? But I think that most of the deforestation process is because it is related to the fact that, you know, those agricultural products like sugar cane can be sold abroad and there is a connection with the world markets and the world price for agricultural commodities. There is also another point about the fact that local community needs forests and are dependent on forests. And this is what I try to include by talking about the non-timber forest products. The idea was, oh, I wanted to introduce the fact that, yes, community are using forests for special needs and they need the forest and that modifies a little bit the framework but what I wanted to say is that even if you include that, it doesn't really modify the conclusions. Then to answer the question about policy making, this model is using a social planner. So there is this idea that, so it's not a political process in the sense that there are no institutional failure, it's just like a macro model with a social planner. Okay, thank you for your questions, commenters. The forest dependent commenters, we know that they are in rural areas, in most of the big countries, particularly in North Africa, they are highly dependent on forest resources. So the issue is, the production of this ridge may be strict, and here is some of the view also. The other issue is, how can you know the issue that you read? The payment obtained from this rate can be early transferred to the local community, so the local community can understand and participate in the processes. That is, in fact, a big research process. How can you know the benefit to develop a rate? That's a payment mechanism and that's, I think, a big research issue and that's sort of the problem in our country too. There's people that rate how the benefit would be distributed to the local community. When I say density, I'm just taking simply the number of people per per hectare forest. So that is, it's in line with the literature. The issue of population pressure, population, in areas where there is a population pressure, is clear that for different reasons, like the man-faring catcher, I mean, the catcher of the man-faring forest for fuel or the so on, the forestation rate is very high. So what I'm saying here is that, when I say noticed, it means that the number of people per hectare forest is less. It seems to be a good candidate for this rate, that means successful implementation in that case. Let it to areas where there is a high density or simply more number of people per hectare forest. As I tried to mention at the beginning, this is simply an exercise from a project which was designed for the purpose of looking at this simply a payment rate issue. So we didn't have these questions or information sources on climate change. It should have been very nice if you could do that. Thank you. Thank you for questions. Particularly about our first questions, we'll write two more questions. One is what is the community forestry program and what is the government policy in Nepal? And basically I say that community forestry is initiated by community. It's a community institute program daily in the 1980s, when there was a particularly response to the mountain environmental degradation and higher deforestation in the 1980s. And even the report in that time published that ongoing deforestation is not controlled. Nepal will desert area by some years. And during that time in Nepal, there was high level migration, land reform, agricultural reform. So people migrated from mountain area to hill area to tri-area. So such kind of deforestation and degradation occurred. And to response this degradation, community initiated small plantations in deforestation area, which later supported by international donor organization and government. And particularly first at of 1976. And then this practice, particularly plantation activities, were highly successful. And then government policy, particularly forestry at of 1993, gave full power to the community. Now community forestry user group, they have their own account and 100% of benefit they receive. They are selling the forest product and they have autonomous identity. And regarding the development policy by linkage with community forestry, community forestry has been a poverty reduction strategy for the Images, Influentials, and IZR plan. It explicitly states that community forestry is very good. One of the best mechanism for poverty reduction, as of participative development mechanism, is the main development policy of Nepal. Regarding second question, Shrutiwari sirs. Basically community adaptation plan of action is linked with the community forestry process. Like when community forestry user group make constitution and operational plan, and they have some sort of like amulet level discussion. And during this discussion, they also discussed about the climate change and climate change incidences and its impact. And this discussion are included in operational plan and constitution, which go through the process of community forestry process. Thank you. Okay. Thank you very much for everybody for the questions.