 Sex hormones play a key role in regulating hair follicle, HF, growth, with both promoting and suppressing hair growth in different parts of the body. This leads to diseases such as hair-sutism, androgenetic alopecia, and female pattern hair loss. Recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases have led to improved treatments, but there are still many unanswered questions. We review the biological effects of sex hormones on hair growth and summarize their known impacts. We also discuss the differences between animal and human HFs in response to sex hormones, the pathogenesis of sex hormone-related hair diseases, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of current treatments. Finally, we outline future research directions, including the potential interaction between sex hormones and the immune system, and the role of epigenetics in these hair disorders. This article was authored by T. Vainjishwan Singh, Lingying Xi, Mingying W, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.