 Good evening, friends. Amongst us we have Mr. Vasan Patwardhan, who has been taking his series on how to improve our English and as they say grammar is the foundation for the same. And under law what we normally say that if the structure is strong, if the foundation is good, then superstructure is strong. Similarly, if one has to improve the communication skills in the same way, if one has a good grammar and good communication skills becomes a part of that. They are the two wheels within the of the same vehicle. And if they work in tandem, the communication, not only oral as well as in writing, it becomes better. Because as they say that you may not appreciate in the right in immediately in the manner if one speaks fluent English. But yes, if there are certain grammatical mistakes, it may sound something different and immediately it catches up. So if you understand which is a basic concept even for the advocates, young students in the judicial as well as the common day to day life, grammar plays an important aspect in life. Today's session in those improving the grammar. We have a session on verbs the backbone of the language. And as I rightly said, you may say backbone, the foundation superstructure anything. Ultimately the common link and common bottom line is that to make a mark, you have to have good grammar. As they say that if you have to strike when the iron is hot in the similar communications wasn't you have to improve your communication. The grammar is the aspect which highlights and brings the right perspective in the right way. Without taking much time, I will ask Mr. Pratapathan to take over the charge. Very good. Very good. All of you as because you rightly say that we are dealing with the foundation stones of the English language. So, we have already covered noun, pronouns and adjectives. Much in detail. So today we are going to deal with the verbs. We are in the atmosphere of parts of speech. We are we are under the main chapter of parts of speech. And underneath we have seen there are eight parts of speech and the as today's title says backbone of the language means we are on the important topic of that part of speech. Because as we go through the day's lesson, we'll find that really the backbone of any language for that matter, not on English is work. Because as you all know backbone or you say vertebrate are erect only because are standing on the earth only because of their backbones. Vertebrate columns, so also a sentence of any language stands erect makes sense only when there is a right form of the verb, or you can say for that matter only when there is a word. Because as you say sentence, it is a group of words, which gives you a complete meaning. So here comes the part which gives you a complete meaning, a meaning of any sentence gets completed only when there is a verb in it. Otherwise, the other parts of speech which we study the seven, they may be there, their presence may be there in any numbers. But as long as verb is not there, that group of word cannot be called as a sentence because it doesn't make any sense. So verb is so important in a sentence, that's why we have chosen the language, I mean title as verbs backbone of language. So I shall share with you the lesson and as we move ahead, we will be going bit fast as we have to cover and keep the class in a particular time frame. I request all of you to concentrate on what is going on. As I told you always that we are discussing here or this is only the trailer. We are just giving you the hints that what are all the things we have to look into, we have to concentrate, we have to highlight while studying some topic. So also today, I will take you through the headlines of the topic verb. I request Vikas Jay to allow me to share the screen. Here we are. So as I told you, the importance of verbs, if you see a sentence, you might have noticed or from now onwards, you can cross check the statements I am going to make. Verb as we all know are the words which show some action or we translate them or we give a definition to that, simple definition of verb is action showing words. But one thing we miss or one thing we have to notice that there has to be a verb in a sentence. And both a verb and verb has to be underlined. There has to be a verb in a sentence. It means verb should be there, but it should be only in one number, one sentence, one verb. This is the second law of verb. A sentence must have a verb and there should be or there can be only one word. If you find more than one verb in a sentence, either it is a compound or complex sentence, it is a combination of sentences or they are looking like verbs. They are not the verbs actually, which we study further under the heading, finite and non-finite verbs. So those other things which are looking like verbs may be non-finite verbs, but there will be only one verb in a sentence and there has to be a verb in a sentence. That's why our title fits here that a vertebrate should have a vertebral column. See, I have given you there can be only one verb in a sentence and there has to be a verb in a sentence. Why this verb makes so much of a space in whole of the grammar is that because verb is the only word in a sentence which gives you the idea of the tense of the sentence. Which we call Kaal. What we are saying is in which Kaal? When does the time tell? What is the story of the past Kaal? What is the story of the future Kaal? This is the only verb in the sentence. That's why verb changes its face as per the tense. Or the vice versa is also true. That is, as the tense changes the verb changes and the verb changes to come to a particular tense. The verb also changes as per the tense. That's why we can talk in the other tense. That's why the verbs have their forms as per the tense. Like water, if I say, and if it is used as a noun, it will not change in any tense. If I say clay or reed or drink, it will change as per the time. Like we all know, the present Kaal is the present Kaal, the future Kaal is the present Kaal. As per that, the word changes one by one. That is the verb. That's why it is important. Now, let us see some shocking things or some new things rather regarding the verbs. There are innumerable varieties. The grammar book can have numerous types of verbs given. But I have just chosen to restrict our lesson. The most useful one. The first one is that when we go to the types of verbs, one is the dynamic verb and the static verbs. I have said that one is dynamic. As you all know, dynamic is something which rolls, which changes, which is in movement. Static is the one which is static. It does not move or change itself. So that is the static verb. Why is it important to know that dynamic is all the verbs that we call action-showing verbs. Action verbs or dynamic verbs are the same. Drink, read, run, sit, even sleep. They are all dynamic. They change as per the tense. They change. They show some action in themselves. But when we call it as static verbs, we do not know the verb of that division. In static verbs, there are verbs which show feelings. Like love, hate, like, dislike. The feelings that we have in our hearts, we will tell. Then comes the basic work of our senses. The basic work of the five senses, like the C of the eye. Similarly, the ear of the ear. So the main work of these five senses comes in the static verbs. Then comes the feeling, the senses. The work of thinking that a person does. He thinks. So what can something happen in thinking? That there is a forget, a remember, a know, a understand. Imagine, imagine, imagine. So these are all under the static verbs. Then comes belonging. There is a belongingness. It is mine. It is in my Swami. So we call it words of our own. I own a car. I have a pen. This belongs to me. So these are all the words that come in our belongingness. So what is the need to know so much that we make mistakes here. Which I have shown you in this lesson in yellow colour. No continuous form for the purely static verbs. It is very important to remember this. Here, we all get a shock. Why? Because when we tell our feelings, we usually say, I am loving you. No. I love you. Grammar says, don't make these static verbs continuous. Continuous means any. Like we say present continuous tense. I am reading. I am playing. I am drinking coffee. These are all okay. But you can't say I am loving. This is wrong. Or we use it openly without knowing it. I am loving. I am remembering. I am forgetting. The rule of static verbs is, I forget. I love. I like. You can use this much. So here comes a shock. Please try to understand the difference between the static and the dynamic. And please go through the chapter of the static verbs and understand where we are not supposed to put it in continuous form. This is very important and usually committed mistakes are in this chapter only or in this title of this. See, she is believing you. They are understanding you. These are all in red color. These are all wrong. These are all the wrong usages. And we may be shocked or may straight away disagree with this. No. How can it be? But for your kind information, these are the wrong usages. That's why here, I don't know whether we, when this, once we put it across in a recording form, they may not, I mean, they may see it in black color only. But for the live viewers, these are all in red colors. My father is hating politics. No, my father hates politics. Only this is correct. You can't say my father is hating politics. Then the child is knowing the sound of the bell. The child is, my child is knowing it. No. My child knows it. So there are some static verbs which I have listed for you. Remember, believe sound possess. There's a list of it. Right. So please make use of them properly. It's not that we don't use it. We use it, but most of the time we use it wrongly. That's why please see the list. The second one means I want to differentiate. As I told you, seeing cannot be. My child is seeing is wrong. So, as I said, we can't use it for the purposes of these Panchendri's. We can't make it continuous. That's why I have given some examples. You are being a good boy. It's a statue. Why are you being so mean? I take you as an example. Where? Yeah, here we are. Are you seeing a problem in this? Are you seeing a problem in this? We use it daily. Are you seeing a problem in this? I say I am both. But it is wrong. Do you see a problem in this? It can be only in simple present tense. Do you see? Are you seeing a. Right. That's why please see the list. When I say its meaning. Like I have given here. She is checking my book. Like a teacher is checking my book. So, we say she is seeing my book. So, here she is seeing my book. It means she is checking my book. Are you seeing a problem in this? You can't use it in continuous form. But here it is. I am using the word see. But it is in the meaning of check. So, she is checking my book is right. Are you seeing a problem is wrong? That's why I told you. Please study it meticulously. And understand this digest this. Because this will reduce our mistakes. I shall take you to the next variety of verbs. Regular and irregular verbs. It is not so important as far as the rules of grammar are concerned. But we should know what are the regular verbs. Which verbs have been categorized as regular in English language. The verbs which have, as you all know, verbs have got four forms. Four of them have forms. Like v1, v2, v3, v4 are taught here. I will give you an example. Go is v1. Went v2, gone v3. This is called vartman roop. Bhut roop. Went. Bhut kradvachak. This is called. Don't go too much into the word. It is not very important. And the v4. We don't teach or remember it separately. Because v4 means any verb you get. Put it as an I.N.G. So, work, work, work, working. Love, love, love, loving. So, it becomes a verb by putting it as an I.N.G. So, we have to concentrate. The three forms of it are different. v1, v2, v3. So, why is it different? There is no set rule. Look, look, look. It is done. Sit, sited, sited. It is not like that. Sit is sad, sad. So, that is why we have to keep it by heart. And, irregular and irregular verbs. What is the irregularity they find is when you put it as an I.N.G. v2, v3 does not become an I.N.G. They call it as irregular verbs. And irregularities are very different. Like, go. This is a creapad. Go, went, gone. Means went or gone. All together different. Similarly, come, came, come. Like, first and third are similar. Only the second differs. Here, sit, sad, sad. Second and third are similar. Earlier it was, come, came, come. First and third are similar. v1 and v3 are similar. So, whatever is the least like this. Like I said, hit or put. Take hit, hit, hit. It remains like this. So, all these. Those who don't make their v2, v3 by putting an I.D. They have grouped them by doing irregular verbs. Right? Then. Now, let's come to be verbs. To have verbs and to do verbs. Like, we learned dynamic verbs or action verbs. In which there was eat, drink, dance, run. We used to show some action. There used to be some action verbs. But to be verbs is a set of verbs. Be means to live. Asitva. So, those who see the asitva, the action verbs. We put them in the group of to be verbs. Like, I am a lawyer. In this, I became a pronoun. The lawyer became a noun. The rule I had told you that there should be a verb. Then what is the verb? And I am. So, what is the verb in the verb? Yes, this is not a dynamic verb. It is a to be verb. Asitva shows. She is a teacher. We are friends. So, in a B category is and was or where will be, shall be. This is the verb. According to our own black, it comes into use. Just to tell you that it is in the asitva. To show you that it is alive on this earth. Next is to have verbs. To have verbs means I have it. It is in my master. It is in my master. Like, it has three. Have, has, had. Will have, shall have. So, what does it show? As I say, I have a pen. In this, I became a pronoun. A became an article. Pen became a noun. So, what is have? It is a verb. How does it mean to be? I have it. That is had. She has a pen. So, had comes in past tense. My grandfather had a Mercedes car. He had it. He had it. It was not that. It was to be verb. He had it. It was in his master. It is to have verb. According to that, it will have, shall have. It comes in. Right? So, even as we ate our food. We were able to eat. As we asked, have you had your lunch? Have you had your lunch? Have you had your lunch? It is very good in the tense. You will understand. But still, have you had your lunch? The had is the form of to have kriyapad. That you ate your food. You got your food. We use one. That you have. In that sense, we use. Then comes to do verbs. To do verbs are the special verbs, which exist both in action as well as. Non-active verbs. Do. Does. Did. It's a tin roof. To do verbs. When we tense, we will go in detail. On this topic. But. To do verbs. We simple present tense and simple past tense. These sentences cannot be made non-active. For example. I know. I do not know. I know. I know. I do not know. If you want to say. You can try a lot. You will have to use do, does, did. I do not know. She does not know. He did not know. To say no. You have to use them to do these two tense words. Otherwise. Do has got its own meaning. Like I do my homework regularly. In this. Like I drink coffee regularly. That's how I do my homework. It works like an action verb. Okay. So this type of verb. Then comes. The varieties. As we are seeing. Key. Very interesting. One. Modal verbs. Modal verbs. Like. In nomenclature. Very modern. We feel proud. Like. Do you know. Modal verbs. I say. Someone asked. Otherwise. They are also called. Special verbs. They are also called. Weak verbs. Why do they say. Why. Modal means. That means. Our mood. To tell. Mood. A person's mood. Not today. We say. To see that mood. What is used. That is called. Modal verbs. Special verbs. Its name is. Like I said. Every verb should have three forms. So. In these. Modal verbs. There is no restriction. Like. Must. A modal verb. Must. You must do it. Must. Must Mustid but. Must exist. In both tense. Must. Must be 콘age.NG.tense Tang. Make up. Make up. Nooof. May.robic. May. Can. Can. Converse. There's notitra. H. There's notill be. Now. No. Its meaning is like can tell you the power, may tell you the possibility, may have more possibility in the mind, in the mind there are more differences in the mind, like if I ask, can you call somebody, can you call Mr. Vikas, if I ask, or if I say, could you call Mr. Vikas, if I ask, could you, which is my second usage, could you call, a can you call is very different, it shows the feeling of the number, could you, so this is its special use, please study them in detail, please understand them and as I was saying in the introduction, these are all the subtle points which makes our language effective, which makes our language impressive, right? Then, a very useful form is transitive and intransitive verbs, let me tell you this, we have read it in Hindi or in our own language, we call it Sakarmak and Akarmak Kriyapad, its meaning is that the Sakarmak Kriyapad is the one whose karma is there, we get karma from the Kriyapad, do you know that? For example, I have given this to you every time that if you get a sentence from the Kriyapad, then who is the doer of this? Who is the one who does this Kriyapad, then you will definitely get karma, like I drink coffee, so drink Kriyapad and ask him, who is the doer of this? I, but when you want karma, then you have to ask the same Kriyapad, what does he drink? So, if you get the answer or if you do not get the answer, then it is his karma, like I said, I drink coffee, what does he drink? Coffee, coffee is karma, we call it as object, so this is karma on the Kriyapad, the other one is help, I help your brother, so go and ask, who is the doer of this? I, the doer of this? What do you do? No, who do you help? What and who? If you get the answer from the verb, it is called the verb transitive, Sakarmak because it is karma, even if it is not in the sentence, but it is not possible to ask, pay attention to it, whether you can question that verb, with what and to whom? Then it is a transitive verb, I shall give you the example of intransitive verb, then you can understand better, if I say, my daughter dances, two hours a day, so dances is the verb, if I go and ask, who is the doer? What is the doer? What does she dance? Whom does she dance? It is meaningless, so you will get many Kriyapad like this, which are, which sound meaningless when you ask these two questions and try to find out the objects, so these are called Akarmak objectless verbs, so intransitive or transitive is a very big verb in this, and you have to recognize it, because it will help us in the active passive, so this is a lot, Akarmak, Kriyapad, sleep, laugh, smile, walk, run, dance, it is a lot, so please take care of them, then difference is based on their usages, as I had just told you, finite and infinite verbs, finite and infinite verbs, finite means the person in the limit, that is finite, and infinite means aseem, there is one difference, that Rama drinks coffee, Rama drinks tea, Rama drinks tea, Rama drinks coffee, if I say by taking out the place of Rama, my friends, if I increase the number, then it becomes my friends' drink coffee, so the drink becomes a drink, it can be a drink, it can be drank, how it changes, it changes according to the time, as per the tense, it changes according to the number, if you say, you know, with one in number, I drink coffee, if we do, we drink coffee, if he does, he drinks coffee, so this change in Kriyapad, according to the number, according to the time, and if the person changes according to the first man, the second man, then we call it as being in a limit, because there are some restrictions on that, they have to be changed, but this non-finite does not change, we will have to study it in detail, it has infinities, it has gerunds, it has participle, I will just give you a small example, if I put two behind this drink, two drinks, and I make a sentence, I want water to drink, I want paper to write, as I said before, you will feel there are two Kriyapads, want or write, want Kriyapad, to write Kriyapad as it seems, it is in disguise, you are cheating, to write means it is infinitive form, non-finite form, it has gerunds, now it will not change, go to any tense, use it with anyone, they want paper to write, they were wanting paper to write, so it does not change in a two-right form, so we have to keep in mind the finite or non-finite work, so that when we go ahead and go in direct or transformation of sentences, we should be able to recognize which are the finites and which are non-finites, then a small to end with, we use main verb and helping verb, like a simple exercise, I am drinking coffee, I drink coffee, there is a tense in which the drink is being used, if I put it in continuous, then I am drinking coffee, like I said, am, is, are, where all these helping verbs, I mean to be verbs, I have to put these to be verbs in V4, I use drinking for this, so I am drinking coffee, do not say that it has two verbs, am is a helping verb, which is also called auxiliary verb, auxiliary you know, purje, it helps, so the helping verb am is done, the form of drink is the main verb, so I say helping verbs are to be kriyapat or to have kriyapat, this is the path of helping verb in different tense, so this is the thing or I have expanded this topic to this much, taking all the important points of a verb and to prove you that our title, that verb is a backbone of language is correct and you have to pay the attention to that level, you have to understand it, digest it to make your language effective and your language impressive, that is all the motto of all of us who are behind this lesson, I hand over the platform to Vikas Chathwaj Ji, yes sir, I complete here as the topic is concerned. I just wanted that screen sharing to be stopped, yeah, he is taking it, this is by Grish, he is just praising you, that has been kind enough for him, let me check it out on the YouTube, yeah please, no, you also elucidatedly explained things and so we can conclude for the day and tomorrow friends, we will be having a session on art of drafting the difference between the civil suit and a red petition, that is by Mr. Asim Pandya, senior advocate and the president of the Gujarat Bar Association, so do stay connected with us tomorrow at 5pm and it's always pleasure hearing Mr. Vasanth who gives his insights and his emphasis and where the words are to be appropriately used, is always an important aspect, it gives shines to the word rather than the sheen which ordinary person could take away with the wrong usage and applications of word, thank you everyone, stay safe, stay blessed and since it's late hours, we can also say good night, Shabba Khair, Mushka.