 Next question is from Marissa White 750. Can you please explain insulin resistance? You know, this is a big, big issue in modern societies. This contributes to obesity, inflammation, heart disease, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's, dementia. It's a big issue. And in that shell, that'll get too complicated. What it essentially means is the insulin that your body is producing isn't working as well in your body. It's like, you need more insulin to do the same job that less insulin used to do. So it ends up happening with your body as it produces more and more insulin and your body becomes more and more resistant. And then, of course, downstream, what is that? That's diabetes, right? Yeah. Would you consider that like pre-diabetic symptoms? Yes. And in fact, you know, now researchers are saying, because they'll measure your fasting glucose and say, oh, it looks like you might be developing some insulin resistance. Now, researchers are saying it starts way earlier than they thought, where it can't even start as a kid. And then it takes years to really turn into full-blown insulin resistance. So I guess the second part of this, the important part of this is, how do we avoid insulin resistance? Or how do we make our body become more sensitive to insulin? This is what the low-carb zealots attach a lot of their or the stuff they talk about to the research around this. And, you know, then you have people like our friend Lane who challenged it strongly. And I agree with Lane when he challenged this. The only thing I don't like is I think it's a bad message to present to people because this is where eating so much carbohydrates, and I think as a whole, their society does that so much that it can lead to this path. And so I know he tries to debunk a lot of the material that the low-carb zealots use about insulin resistance. But at the same time too, I think their intentions to try and get people to eat less sugar and to reduce their carbohydrate intake is an overall good message. It is. But it's really okay. So you can develop insulin resistance on a low-carb diet. There's connections between insulin resistance. Although it's a lot less likely. It is. But my point is they've shown insulin resistance developing with a high-fat diet. Now, here's the thing that they all have in common. High calories, right? You eat a lot of carbs, a lot of sugar, and your calories are always high. And then of course you combine that with inactivity. Now the risk goes up. Here's the biggest risk. The biggest risk is lack of muscle. In fact, building muscle regardless of body weight. So you can even be obese. Building muscle is one of the best, most effective things you can do. It's your best protection. Improving insulin resistance. So if it runs in your family, diabetes runs in your family, if insulin resistance is a concern of yours, build muscle. Your muscle is like one of the most effective bulwarks against insulin resistance. It's a very insulin-sensitive tissue. It stores some sugars and carbohydrates. When you work out, it increases your insulin sensitivity. Isn't this directly connected to the amount of time that the body takes to take a carbohydrate and convert it into sugar? Part of it. And then when you come to insulin resistance, it accelerates that dramatically? It's all kind of connected. It's probably a little more complex than that, but it's literally- We're always looking for a simpler way to explain it to the audience. Yeah. I would say really it's just your, I mean just to put it in a nutshell, insulin stops doing its job. So you eat carbohydrates or sugar, insulin goes up to drive that into areas of storage, whether it be body fat or muscle or the liver. And so if you have more muscle, you have more place to store it. That's part of it, right? And then of course, muscle itself, just on its own, increases insulin sensitivity. It's by far the best thing you could do. In fact, when they put men on, and I know this from talking to certain doctors, when they put men on testosterone replacement therapy, because when a man has low testosterone, he loses muscle. And when they raise his testosterone, he tends to add muscle, regardless if he's working out or not, right? Because it's a hormone driver. By doing so, when the muscle comes on their body, they notice better numbers. Insulin resistance goes down and sensitivity goes up. So then obviously you have a client, you're training them, they go to the doctor, a doctor comes back and tells them that they're insulin resistant. You as a trainer, obviously you're already on a program to build the muscle because that's part of your job. What are you coaching them on diet? What are you saying to them different about their diet? Reducing carbohydrates and calories. But here's the thing with reducing carbohydrates when you already have insulin resistance. It's almost like you're solving the problem, but not the root necessarily. It's like now we're at this place. So now reducing carbohydrates makes a big difference. But really what would have fixed it is if we just made your body more sense. This is why people with Alzheimer's and dementia, you put them on a ketogenic diet and their cognition improves. It's not necessarily because the carbs in their diet were making, having the problems. It's because their bodies didn't utilize the carbs very well anymore and it needs ketones now to operate much better. So again, the best thing you can do is build muscle.