 Thank you. I'm Doug Toll from Bacarney and I'm in Washington. I want to thank the organizers for arranging the controversial version of the farewell symphony of Haydn. One by one the performers leave before the piece is over. I want to first pay tribute to the insight and wisdom on the big picture of security and the great tradition of Indian diplomats like Shyamalan and Shiv Shankar Menon and now P.J. Kokolyan, P.J. and that's a very important statement. But I want to ask two somewhat related questions. Throughout the discussion of North Korea, no one has mentioned containment or deterrence. So you talk about comprehensive verifiable irreversible destruction of the U.S. authorities, but that seems to be very hard. I think we're wrong. It's through violence, containment and deterrence a lot. Can we do that for 35 years on the whole as likely to be a little bit more complicated? If you go to the White House now, if you look at the administration, if you look at the erratic statements of President Trump that is kind of saber-racking, trying to encourage the people who are currently working with Trump, they'll say, have you noticed that he has intimidated China and taken more steps to force China to increase its assistance, to stop, therefore, from assisting North Korea, and following these statements, there is no nuclear deterrence now. So you, how would you answer this question? I am a colonist of the Figuaro, of foreign affairs for the Figuaro, a French daily. So the main danger in Asia is rising power, China's power. I would like to know, because the situation in the Korean Peninsula would not change. China obviously doesn't want reunification with Korea. Even in South Korea, I don't think that the U.S. wants a reunification with North Korea. Japan, I think, doesn't say anything with that best. I don't think Japan wants a reunification with Korea. And there will be any change. And you have a dictator who doesn't want to be taken away as Gaddafi or Saddam Hussein. But these two powers, to know China, and the last power is America, I would like to know what is exactly the role that China assigns to the U.S. in Pacific. What are they writing? What China is ready to accept as an American presence in the Pacific? Is China really ready to accept the American presence in Asia? Any other questions before I turn to the panel? Okay. So who would like to go first? Well, the first is Doc, sir. The first is not a question. On payment and details, I would like to leave to the experts of the North, of the Korean Peninsula. But how shall I say to the question when somebody asks, he has to keep a lot with all this media. And so how do you respond to that? My response is that it's also a question mark. It's also a question mark. Because this Kim Jong-un is not crazy. So you have to ask the question if the Trump rhetoric really will be able to confine North Korea. I don't think so, really. But what I have picked up on the road that China would like to give to the United States is that East Asia is good enough for both of them. They don't want some of the things, and you know which one, such as spying along their coasts, etc. And we have to be very careful that they are preparing themselves for the eventuality, according to me, that there will be a confrontation with the United States one day. But for the time being, all they know that they are not ready to take over. They are still a lot to be done, and you can do that. That is my observation from the outside, compared to what China thinks at the moment, compared to the role of the United States. But, Ching-ho, maybe you can add, because you know better. The first question is whether deterrence and containment strategies can be used. I think from the American perspective, it can be used. Actually, in Iraq, missile defense system in the middle of the Pacific protects itself. But the problem is, even from the American perspective, impose a serious problem. First, the Pacific part of the U.S. cannot be protected by any kind of missiles. And also, what are the only two alliances you have? The American allies, the Korean allies, the South Korean allies, the Japanese that will not accept that. They don't have a viable deterrence capability to do that. Because China is meant to South Korea. No deterrence. I mean, no missile defense. And also, one of the more serious problems is the proliferation. Maybe it is going to be down the drain. Non-proliferation regime is going to be down the drain. So it's a problem, a big challenge for all of us. Trump's policy on China to make China to push for North Korea into the future. To think that it's working. At the same time, I think it works because China is trying to push for North Korea into the future. I remember, I think China's discourse on North Korea's policy discourse has moved over time. How are we going to help North Korea to, whether we should be helpful to North Korea? So given this context, it's not a surprise, but she is more, you know, responsible to Trump's pressures. And finally, what's the role of the U.S. in this region? What's the ideal role? I don't know what was the ideal role for China. I think China, on the rise, poses a serious problem for China as well. And it's very difficult in China to know what really wants China into a developing country at the same time. It's a strong country, rich and poor at the same time. It's a strong country, rich and poor at the same time. It's an ordinary country and a superpower at the same time. So it's very difficult for China to figure out what's wrong at this moment. So that, to some extent, affects how you look at the proper role in this part of the world. Sometimes for people who should play the U.S. in this part of the world, we would like the U.S. to play a more important role, especially when it comes to making sure that Japan is not going to be militarized and also to maintain the security order in the region, but sometimes we're trying to do U.S. presence nuisance. I mean, the U.S. military tries to stop China from doing this and doing that. The U.S. tries to prevent China from doing this or threatening China sometimes. So, I don't know, China also brings out military alliance. It's the other party of one of us. So I think this creates this alienation. So I think it will take some time for China to develop more clear view as to what kind of role could be played by the U.S. in the region. Well, yeah, I think officers, you know, we treated and the poor soldiers standing in the front. I mean, difficult questions. But nevertheless, I like about Paul the question. How long he's maybe disappointed in dealing with North Korea? Well, we put our hands on this issue when we were in Washington together. So, the doubt has been very much disappointed. I know he's tired. Well, so, I'm glad we raised this question in part of his wisdom to deal with North Korea by dealing with it. I've spent most of my career struggling with this issue. And I got retired without seeing the resolution of this issue. Well, when I dealt with North Korea, I thought we could realize some bargain. And people could buy a real program of cash. And I think I was mistaken. And I don't think any more we can deal with North Korea to provide assistance for cash. So if we try to resolve this issue in short period of time, then we tend to make a similar mistake. So I think we have to have enough time to do something, I mean, but we have enough time, I think, to do something in relation to this issue. So, you know, containment and the sanctions are by the U.S., by the U.N. and by the U.N. and by the U.S. and by the U.N. and by the U.N. and by the U.N. So, we've been pained, I mean, you know, well, the past sanctions were, you know, a U.S. statement was, you know, a hidden word. So North Korea thought very likely that North Korea, you know, many actions taken by the U.N. at that time. But now, different, I mean, this issue was now becoming concerned in the region. Now, it has become global security issue in this World Policy Conference. So, it will be a long time. And I think a containment class is totally taken down by the U.S. and by the U.S. I think we will take a fact. Well, China's role towards North Korea, well, North Korea already explained that the attitudes changed and, you know, the past, I mean, China, you know, was forced to help North Korea in this difficult issues. But now, I think whether they should do that, you know, I have a different opinion now. Well, as you know, we introduced the third system in the U.S. military, I mean, stationed in Korea. And we thought it was necessary to defend ourselves rather than the U.S. forces. But because of that, I mean, China punished the South Korea, and the several, you know, normal relations. But, you know, during the time, Korea and the U.S. have inflicted a lot of loss and even this group closed down their retail or sector trading in Korea. And, you know, they cut back half. So, I mean, the amount of business loss amounted to maybe billions of dollars. A lot of other companies closed down the door, which caused a lot of damage. We, you know, China and Korea made agreement, I mean, to finish this operation in the South Korea. We will be able to normal good relations from, well, why China punished the South Korea instead of North Korea than the U.S. and North Korea. So, that is my question. It's the big question. And I will stop here. I will ask you a question on a completely different subject. Everybody talks about North Korea, but China is a much bigger problem than North Korea in Asia, because it has implications for the rest of the world. I think from the rest of Asia, the view is that China is a part of the country. China is a part of the country. The other transformative ... I don't want to use the word receiving power. It has implications across the region. Take India. We have no basic conflict. We have no conflict. There is what I call a conflict of civilization between the two nations, between our two nations. But we have developed relations that are stricter with Japan, because of the fact that China, the power of China, is growing. All nations are adjusting their practice. I think the rise of China is now to speak of all three other nations. I'm not saying that China is going out of its way to prove it, but it is a fact. And therefore, that was for a long time, the United States had pressed for a quadrilateral between the United States and Japan. Yes. India is now shifting stones to some extent. India has changed its approach a little bit now, but the rise of China, and the weakness of the United States, has an impact on the way in which nations are trying to see their priorities regarding their situation. So the question is, what will be the future in the next five years after the next Congress in China? So I think we have to be careful. I'm not looking at the North Korean angle. I'm not looking at the entire North Korean perspective. And China is now moving to the south-east. China and Russia have become major factors in the United States. It's always been a rising part. I don't think it's a wrong role. I think it has an impact. And it has an impact on all nations, including the United States. Well, thank you very much. Now that wraps up the panel. Thank you, George. At this panel, thank you to the young leaders panel coming up next.