 This is the typology, is very similar with the previous presentation because you have crop destruction, you have attack on domestic animal and human, you have a stream pattern with mud. I can say that for crop destruction you will find that it is very high in the savana zone because in Cameroon you have several ecological zone but if you want to talk of human wildlife conflict in connection to great apes you will find it mostly in the forest area. I wanted to say something about the agricultural sector because it is clear that the conflict is affecting mostly farmers in the rural area. The agricultural sector in Cameroon represents almost 40% of the GDP. We have two planting season, low productivity in low land area. We are using already fertilizer but the agricultural sector is not subsidized. The common practice here is the slash and burn agriculture which you know can degrade the forest area and we have huge importation of some commodities such as rice. My colleague from Asia here are really impressed with the countetry of rice that I can consume every day. This is for instance a graphic showing the destruction of elephant in five regions of Cameroon. You will see that the area devastated is huge. For instance in the far north you have more than 200 hectares destroyed. This is the data from 2008 also in the north province if we do the same exercise but we don't have the data yet if we do the same exercise in the forest area as I said you will see that it is the reverse. The area which are very low in terms of destruction will become high if we consider the great apes. It means that in the south area and the east we will have mostly conflict, human-wide conflict related to great apes, which means we have to consider strongly the great apes in the forest area. The origin we said it since yesterday, the forest is degraded. In Cameroon forest degradation is around 1%. But 1% we will say this is nothing but keep in mind that the Congo basin forest is huge. So if you make a projection in the total forest area you will see that the degradation is really important. One origin is also the subsistence and commercial haunting. In fact poaching in Cameroon is important. We have a transporary protected area but as I raised the other day I think that the way that protected area have been managed so far is not really efficient and you have poaching going on in protected area. Something else I can say for protected area. I don't see that it is realistic to say in 10 years we have to reach 30% of the national territory set as protected area but what you have to do first is to well maintain the existing before doing such a projection. Problem related to human-wide life conflict. We can raise the poor legal and regulatory provision because if you read the forestry law you will see that there is no provision concerning human-wide life conflict. They just have like two sentences saying that in case a farmer is affected they will consider it as a damage in connection to the public investment and normally when they say a public investment it means that they don't have to compensate you at the level of the damage. This is the only provision we have in the forestry quote. One problem is also the weak implication of local community. No clear approach for compensation scheme I raise it and weak institutional coordination because even other ministry have the feeling that why life belong to solely the ministry of forestry and wildlife. They don't see it as a public good. They don't see the forest as a public good. Even wildlife weaving the forest area. It means that when a farmer is facing a conflict related to the wildlife they will say that okay go to the ministry of forestry agent to solve the problem which is not fair because normally if it is something related to let's say damage related to your agricultural area the ministry of agriculture has also to be part of the solution. So propose solution to improve the conflict, increase community participation in finding solution to human wildlife conflict improve the legal framework in terms of compensation and low enforcement because I raise poaching going on in this area increase community participation in land use planning and environmental education move towards dynamic land use plan. Most of the time when a protected area is already set up and they come to realize that it is not realistic because it is poorly managed even in terms of wildlife importance we cannot really say that it is still a protected area so what do we do? We just have to disclassify it as a protected area instead of restraining the community to go there and have a minimum activity or another possibility for instance is to set it as a community hunting zone I will show you the graph where community are getting good revenue in terms of managing community hunting zone increase community benefit in protected area is also one of the solution the weak coordination which I just mentioned will improve with the ministry of forestry and wildlife use the rate initiative as an opportunity to reduce wildlife conflict in fact we have some rate initiative particularly in the tri-national between Congo, Central African Congo Gabon and Cameroon it is a red funded project by EU there will be a railway crossing almost the whole forest region going to the coast and they have a red component there because the railway will pass through potential great sites integration of local people's center approach carpet contribution in land use planning and land use zoning into tri-national forest landscape other opportunity we have a functional gorilla sanctuary not far from the capital city I think we can also capitalize on that new project with great consideration there is a big dam which is going to be constructed in the east province which will also affect Great Ape Abita and we think that this is also an opportunity really to solve the situation at least to have a strong consideration on Great Ape conservation in that site the pre-erumption right devoted to local community here the law says if there is a conflict in terms of using a site between the private sector and the local community they give the priority to local community this could be also used and this have been currently used even by the local community mostly to log but they don't actually use it mostly for community housing zone but it is an opportunity new initiative we have a new initiative the model forest which actually is trying to reduce conflict between different actors I think this is also an opportunity to take for resolving human wildlife conflict Promising management I raised the fact that community and in fact even this morning in my group I was insisting in the result we can get if we have appropriate implication of local community of what we have been discussing for the past two days and this is an example of how the community have been managing community housing zone in the south east if you see in the graph you will realize that they made quite good benefit for instance we have the peak here more than 45 million per year particularly in 2005 and 2009 here we can explain this maybe by the crisis the general world crisis and most of the fund that the community gets here is affected to social investment such as they build schools they build health center and heaven gives some scholarship to students at the university we have the feeling that this social approach this participatory approach allow the community to have a good feeling towards wildlife including great ape and this is something we call capitalized ok, that is the end but my question here is if you are this woman and you got your farm destroyed like this by any dangerous species what will you do? over to you