 I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls City College, University of Arama, and this is my email ID. And today, the topic of my discussion is flipped classroom. This is a very relevant topic, very buzzword in the field of education and irrespective of any discipline, each teacher, educator and student is concerned with this very topic. Okay, so let's start the topic and as usual, I have explained my topic in Hindi so that it will be bilingual and so that both the languages, people of both the languages can understand it in both languages. I mean, both my students can understand Hindi and English, so both the students can get benefits from it. So, flipped classroom. Before we start, I wanted to come to the video on educational research, but the topic I got from this topic is in the pipeline and it is better because I will share the video on educational research from here. So, first of all, flipped classroom. So, flipped classroom, like this diagram is showing you, it will be understood from here that the concept of the classroom is that we have flipped the traditional clip, right? We have flipped it, which is our classroom, so which one we have flipped? We have flipped the traditional classroom. So, what was in the traditional classroom? It was like we were reading, we were reading, the teacher came today, the teacher came to the classroom, he gave the homework, daily and questions, due tomorrow. We were getting that, and the teacher said, stage on this stage. What is guide by the side? Guide on the side. And there is activity, group work, discussion, how it is happening, we try to understand it. Okay. First of all, let's start with the definition. I found it to be a very good definition. That's why I have quoted it here. And it will understand what is flipped classroom and what philosophy lies behind it. Which philosophy is working behind it? The flipped classroom is a pedagogical approach. First of all, this is a pedagogical approach. I mean, we are talking about reading, there is nothing new in it. In which, what is in it? Diet instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space. What is done here? Our learning space was the group learning space. Where? In the classroom. The teacher was teaching content, some concept, some construct. Students and students were in the group. But, I mean, what was he doing? He was disseminating his information. Now, what is it? Instead of the group learning space, what is this? Individual learning space. Why? Because individualized learning is being talked about. Personalized learning is being talked about. So first, the group learning space is now in the individual learning space. And the resulting group space. And now, the group space, the individual group space that has been formed, has been transformed into a dynamic. First, the group learning space will be interactive. That is, you talk about the one-way and one-way two-way process of learning environment. How to study? Where? Where the educator guides students, where the teacher will guide the students. Why? What can they do? They apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter. So that the students who study can apply the subjects, can apply them, can apply them. Creatively, that is the way that they engage in the subject matter. And from where did we get this definition? From the flipped learning network, we got this definition from 2014. So, a lot of things have come out. Direct instruction is moving. From where? From the group learning space to the individual learning space. And the individual learning space is being transformed into our dynamic or interactive. Why is it being transformed? Why is it being made? So that the students can apply the concepts and the subject matter can be creatively engaged. Okay. Then, the history of this is very interesting. First of all, we need to know that there is no new concept in the flipped classes. For example, we feel that this is a very different thing that has come out of the world from somewhere else. It is not like that. All the educators who want, whose philosophy is that we don't want to tell the children more than just in the classes, we want to establish dialogues, we want to have some discussions, we want to have some learning, we want to have some things that people are involved in. Until today, they all follow the philosophy of the flipped classroom. Or, they all have set a background for the flipped classroom. Secondly, if we start from the old times, if we start from where we started studying the Socratic method, then we know that the Socratic method used to be mentioned. It is not written in this. The Socratic method used to mean that the method used to be called the dialogue method. In that time, how many years did it take? I don't know, I have no idea how many years it took to learn. Then it was discussed that we would have discussions in the classroom and dialogue. After that, there is realism. That is the experimental method. Learning by doing. The teacher has to be on the side and the learner has to take the main role. Then there is progressivism, pragmatism, reconstructionism, reconstructionism. Instead of the teacher, everyone is investing in the role of the learner. And all these philosophers had prepared a platform for the new flipped classroom on which it was kept. Secondly, what is mentioned here is that the name that is known for the flipped classroom is from Jonathan Berman and Aaron Sems. But they did not invent the flipped classroom. There are so many people who were talking about flipped classrooms that they became famous and if you search for the name of the game then you will not get this name. But there are so many people who have done this or were doing this or were doing this and their role is in its popularization. So first of all, I am talking about U.S.S.R.A. and then there is the classroom model in 1984. That means something is done that is usually used in the classroom rather than something else. Then there is a very famous article of Alice on King and they quote from stage on the stage to the guide on this site. That means they are not making us a sage who is teaching children from a high school but we have to be their guide side by side. That means the philosophy has changed. We are coming from the teacher center to the learner center. Then this article is published by the peer instruction and newsverse manual. We also have to pay attention that the peer learning has changed. Then there is Barbara and Virginia telling us about Glen, Platte, Michael, Trebley and inverted classroom in 2000. Then in the Khan Academy in 2004 everyone wanted to know about Khan Academy and it was started that they uploaded some videos on YouTube so that they could understand what is the problem and that's what we are talking about. Then Jonathan Bergman in 2012 when he got his flipped classroom from here he got his article called Flip Your Classroom Flip Your Classroom Why? Reach every student or every class in every day and every day if you want to discuss with your class then it says Flip Learning Gateway to Student Engagement in various other articles which has flipped learning or flipped classroom in its core. Okay. Now let's talk about characteristics. First let's talk about what is happening in traditional classes. We teach concepts after teaching but when it starts she teaches and what is happening in extremely difficult culture and with culture there we would be not willing What is the quality of ZPDR? When there is a more knowledgeable person with you, you learn better. So, what should we do in-tune with the Revised Blum Stationary, in-tune with the ZPDR model of the Zygotsky, in-tune with the Bluners? What should we do? We should discuss the time in the classroom. We should do the high-order thinking skills, we should practice it, we should get married again, we should get married again. So, how should we explain the content to the child? So, the content should be given prior to the class. Prior to the class, before starting the class, the child should be contented. Now that the technology is coming, it can be given from paper to paper, it can be sent to you daily. But now, what is it? Now, make content, make videos. Prior to the actual class, you have to manage it, send it, share it, and what is the student's responsibility? He will teach it. He will teach it, that is, he will do the work of knowledge and comprehension level alone. And he will do the application analysis with the Synthesis Evaluation Teacher or with the peer group. That is why it is said that the peer learning is so important here. So, it is not necessary that every Flip Class should go to Flip Learning. But if we want that in every Flip Class we should be able to learn, after learning, after learning, we should be able to learn like after doing FLIP, what is the flexible environment? That is, the child can be taught anywhere, whatever the matter is given first. Then, we have to change the culture. We have to study in the classroom, we have to talk about higher order things. When we are alone in the house, when we don't have anything, when we don't have anything, then we will develop a understanding from the content. We have to teach in the classroom or we have to follow that model. Actually, the content should be like this that we can discuss, that we can use in every content. So, we have to choose intentionally. Deliberately, we have to choose that content. Then, educator must be professional. He should have professional ethics. He should be skilled in 21st century skills. He should be skilled in technical skills. He should be skilled in technology. So, we have to do all this. So, this is the characteristic feature to flip. First of all, determine your technology as soon as you finish teaching that we have to use this technology. Then, finish teaching and create your videos. You will make videos and content. Then, be transparent with students and parents. So, we have to tell the students and parents what is our rationale, why we are doing all this. You are the one in that, you will study, you will study, you will check with the parents that you have to tell your students that you have to come in every condition. If you have made this video, shared it, everything is done and the child doesn't come here, then everything is useless. Then, keep it up. If everyone wants, we will repeat this model. This is just Jeff Dunn 2014. Let me give you some steps. Recording, sharing, changing, grouping and regrouping. We can flip the glass. There are many advantages We have written some things here. Think about it yourself. Explore it yourself. Use your brain. There are many other points. What is the advantage of this? Intune with the needs of digital. Children are digital, parents are digital, immigrants are digital. So, their needs are digital. They are technos. They like to study online. They like to share videos. We have different learning styles. We have multiple learning styles. We have multiple intelligences. We have audio, visual, music, many other things. So, these are suitable for many types of learners. Then, increase interaction time between teachers and students. If the teacher has no time in the classroom, he is reading the concept, and the story is over. Then, new class, new topic. So, here, interaction time is increasing. Then, main classroom practices are more transparent. Everyone knows that if they see what is the teacher's video, what is going on, they can see everything together. Ensure spear learning. When we are having a discussion, we are talking in a group. So, spear learning is a very important role. And it involves spear learning. So, we include spear learning so that they don't take care of it. So that they don't take care of it. So, we can give them time to read it. We can check that they are reading it. Not like this. There are many other things. And, spear learning is a no-out. If it is so hard, spear learning is a no-out. There are many challenges. After that, if they don't have online access, if they don't have students, then we can't reach the recorded videos. This is good, because you can use it to offline. Then, students can deny taking responsibility of their own learning. It is possible that students don't want to take initiative. They don't want to take responsibility of their own studies. Because they are used to it. So, we don't want to read it. We don't want to take responsibility. We don't want to read it. These are very big challenges. Then, teachers must have technical skills. That's why you can do all this work. Institution may not have resources. You can say that we don't have any kind of education or education. We don't have infrastructure. Then, only cognitive domain is emphasized. There is not much to talk about psychomotor and refractive domain. We are only investing in cognitive domain. This is a big challenge. Then, sitting around classrooms creates hindrances. Generally, in our classrooms, seats are fixed. Then, we have a lot of group work. We have a lot of discussion about this. This is a big hindrance. Then, students do not have such intrinsic motivation. The motivation they have is that they have to prepare for every class. They don't have that much motivation. Then, it will be time taking. For both students, as well as teachers. Students have to prepare for time taking. Teachers have to prepare for time taking. But, there is no time taking. Then, the solution is that no one can find a solution. The teacher must explain the concept and rationale of the class in advance to students and parents so that they can study and support their parents to study. Then, videos must be short and interactive so that we can learn their interests. To online resources, institutions must upgrade themselves better Wi-Fi facilities should be there and there must be proper training to students and teachers so that they will be techno-savvy. Okay? Okay? If we come to its conclusion, this is a traditional film. Teacher Instructs lesson at home. Videos, podcasts, books can be a website. Additionally, teacher instructs or students follow guided instruction. Teacher gives assessment and students homework. Students work in class. Deeper understanding of concepts, applications and directions to content are made and students receive support as needed. Okay? Thank you. It's all from my side and I hope that the concept of Flip Classroom seems interesting to you and you all have a better understanding of it. Done from my side. Thank you. Thank you all.