 Okay, so let's draw the mechanism of this more difficult reaction, right? So in this organic reaction, just like all organic reactions, what type of molecules do we have that? Nucleophile and electrophile. Nucleophile and electrophile. Everybody can answer if you want. You don't have to be shy. So which one of these is the nucleophile and which one is the electrophile? Yeah, the nitrogen. In fact, nitrogens with lone pairs are often good nucleophiles. So that kind of brings up a good point. This is a nucleophile. So what do nucleophiles do? They do what? They attack a positive charge. So they attack. They don't usually take anything unless it's a proton. That's the only time they take anything. I think we've talked about that. So make sure you remember that. Nucleophiles like to attack positive charges. Where are the two? I gave it away, but where are the positive charges over here? Help me box them in. With that, we're not going to draw any resonance structures. So what do we call that? The carbonyl carbon. And the beta carbon. And the beta carbon of the alpha, beta, and saturated carbonyl. Very good. Which one of these... If that's the nucleophile, this molecule must be the what? Electrophile. And where does this molecule, the nucleophile, attack the electrophile? Is it at this carbon? No, it's at the other one. So I'm going to erase these little green boxes. Since we know now. And I want you to help me draw the mechanism. Okay, guys? It's good. Okay. So where will we start our arrow from? We have an hydrogen, right? The hydrogen lone pair. And where do we go to? The beta carbon. The beta carbon, like that. What an arrow. Is that it? What else do we do? We have to show that arrow moving in between the two carbons. Okay? We show it to here. That's wrong. Or if we show it to here, that's just saying we put the lone pair there. Okay? Is that all we ought to do? We still got to do one more thing, right? So that's your first three steps. First three arrow mechanisms. Notice how there's an electron flow going from the nucleophile to the final negative charge. Okay? So remember, something has to push the electrons to make them get going. In this case, the nucleophile is already reactive, right? It's going to react with that beta carbon and knock those electrons up to the electronegative oxygen. Yes? You mentioned before that the carbonyl would have a positive and then the beta would have a positive. If there is no double bond there, does that rule still apply? Does that only affect the null? It does not apply anymore, right? So if you have a non-alpha beta unsaturated, the beta carbon here is not electrophilic. Yeah, not electrophilic. Just this carbonyl. Alpha carbon is the carbonyl. The alpha carbon would be this carbon here. That's the alpha carbon. The carbonyl is where we're referencing them all from. So alpha means one away from that functional group. The beta means two away. It's the Greek alphabet. So the alpha carbon is the only way from the functional group? Uh huh, yeah. So oftentimes another functional group you'll hear about a lot. It's kind of a more advanced functional group where you've got the alkene and an alpha beta arrangement next to a carbonyl. We call that an alpha beta unsaturated carbonyl. It's electrophilic as well. In this particular problem it is the electrophilic carbon. It's the one that the nucleophile is attacking. It's not always the electrophilic. It's always electrophilic, but it doesn't always have to be the one that's reacted with. Okay? You could potentially imagine the carbonyl carbon being reacted with too. It's just we had a product here that showed that it reacted with beta carbon. Any other questions? Okay, wonderful.