 Clear learners, let us now come to again one of the important apparatus used in electronics that is called a multimeter. Now, multimeter means what? Multi means many. So, in this multimeter you can measure various characteristics like current voltage, AC voltage, DC voltage or the gain of the transistor or what is the type of the transistor, what are the different terminals of a transistor, these are the various things that you can measure. Let us deal with section deals with what part. You can see right now it is in the off mode. In my right there are various called V with a single sinusoidal wave. So, it shows that it is voltage, but AC. Next you can see this is ampere, means A, A gives ampere, so you can measure current. Here you can see this V with a straight line, straight lines means a DC, so you can measure here DC voltage, ohm, ohm denotes resistance, all we know that the unit of resistance is ohm. So, when it is ohm means in this range you can measure resistance. Here there is HFE, you all know what is HFE, it is the current amplification factor of a transistor. So, we can put this knob over here and you can measure the amplification factor of a transistor. Here there is a V, this V is called the continuity tester, means if I have this two problem and if I place this knob in the V position, now it is in the V position, when I touch this you can see here there is a sound of V. This gives a continuity test. If I take this wire suppose I have a wire and I want to check whether this wire, because it is insulated from outside, it may be open from inside, so I am not able to see from my eyes. So, if I connect this one in one part and the other of this multimeter with this other, so if this wire is continued there should be a sound. So, this says that this wire is ok, if there is something opening between the wire this sound will not be there. And if I move this suppose in this range you can see here the various ranges of volt DC from here this white line to here, when it is in 200 that means you can measure a maximum of 200 volts. If your input is more than 200 volts then this will not be displaying 200 volts. Now, these are various ranges, let us move into then this range, this green part this gives a measurement for ohm. If I put here it is saying 20 k, 20 k means you can maximum measure a resistance of 20 kilo ohm. If you put a resistance across these two terminals and if you are this if the value of the register is more than 20 k and you are putting at 20 k that it will not be viewed. Then you have to place it in the range of 200 k, it may be more than 20 k. This is how you measure the values of your resistance. Similarly, if you go more if you give here you see there is 200 micro ampere, 2 milli ampere, 20 milli ampere, 200 milli ampere. These are difference range in milli amperes or micro amperes. So, whenever you are measuring a current in the range of micro or milli ampere you have to put this red wire in this and you have to black wire over here. If I see make you proper you see it is written voltage ohm and milli ampere. That means that when this red wire is here it can measure voltage, resistance and a current of in the range of milli ampere. And here it is saying that tan ADC means tan ampere. So, when you are measuring a current of range of more than tan ampere then you have to put this wire from here and in the range of tan ampere here. But this black wire will be common for both, where you are measuring a current of milli or micro or you are measuring a current of ampere. This black will be at the same point difference will be at just this red wire. That will be for tan ampere range here for milli ampere range. This is how a multimeter works. We will actually see the working of this multimeter in the experiment, but I am just giving you a demonstration right now. So, that you will be familiar with various readings of this multimeter. Thank you.