 The study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and autoimmune liver disease, AILD, subtypes, finding that specific bacterial features were associated with increased or decreased risk for AAH, PBC, and PSC. The genus underscore claustridium underscore inocuum underscore group was found to have a protective effect against AAH, while the genus underscore octanomyces demonstrated a protective effect against PSC. These findings suggest that targeted probiotics may be useful in managing AILD. This article was authored by Yu Geng Fu, Jochen Li, Ying Ying Xu, and others.