 What I want to talk about today are unplanned processes and that's sort of unplanning in a kind of larger master planning sense of shared infrastructure which is the coming together around the production and maintenance of small-scale infrastructural configurations as a site of resistance to the world-class city. The context is Savda Gevra, a resettlement colony on the edge of Delhi established in 2006. Previous slum dwellers were given plots of land which they develop as per their own means which are either 18 or 12.5 square meters that's small. When I first arrived just after a long time ago now I quickly identified a key feature that was driving housing investment toilets. This was an investment often triggered by a daughter coming of age or a bride entering into the family home and these are photographs that show the same plot changing over seven years and how a shack in 2010 where the family would wash outdoors and poo in a field has over time transformed into a four-story structure each time with the addition of a toilet. But in this peripheral and disconnected settlement where was the shit going? In the absence of the state and when people just get on with it residents were connecting their toilets to pits underneath the home and the result was that often this effluent was discharging into open greywater drains and it was in this context that I started working with the local NGO Cure to develop a project to bring sanitation to this neighborhood. The final project had four components and in-house toilets which was to be resident led a resident led investment serviced by communal drains a common sort of communal septic tank and then a reed bed upflow filter which catered for about 2,000 people. I don't have the time to go to the ins and outs it was a very long process of many meetings and yeah and funding it was very challenging but kind of miraculously we started the project and this is my favorite image of construction starting with a digger to dig this rather large hole into which the tanks were put, streets were dug up, sewers were laid and fine and this is a manhole by a resident a man who's actually a resident on the street and finally an image of it not so long ago when it returns to being a sort of banal park in a peripheral neighborhood parallel to these infrastructural improvements the politics of shit residents went from being victimized population to one that can instead stake a claim and become politically active in urban life this was most apparent in the all women operation and maintenance team responsible for the long-term management of the project but it was also evidenced by the establishment of a residence welfare association a legitimate political body and the first of its kind in a resettlement colony in Delhi the president however was of course a man but what I really want to talk about and leave you with today is this idea of the practice of architecture that learns and imagines how those cast out can participate in the making of the city of their city working as an architect in such a context is promising not because it promises free and inspiring designs but precisely because it's a practice willing to get tangled up in the laws and politics of everyday life putting in place this kind of community-led infrastructure is a balance between the host population and their history culture and ambition and maintenance schedules which is that a kind of local and existing institutional capacity to deliver on a kind of technical thing and finally the volume of a tank which is based on kind of finance available codes of practice and basic engineering but with this comes a range of obstacles the intransigence of individual owners the narrowness of the street funding and government approval so any approach that privileges one over the other I suggest is grossly missing the point but this is a slow process between 2013 when we started and today of the 322 households in the catchment area only a hundred and fifty a thousand people catering for a thousand have actually connected I often argue that such a speed is critical in engendering the ability of the less powerful to engage so there's an investment in keeping something not quite part of the market so that capital speculators cannot enter however urban settings are dynamic and indeed impatient from this morning land markets infrastructures and people arrive quickly often creating flows that are in conflict with the slowness and high social investment required by community-led improvement in this diagram I chart the current capacity of the project and where it could go in the future demarking a kind of failure point already between 2013 and today driven by the arrival of sanitation we can see a densifying process in 2013 only 10% of houses were two plus story was today it's 34 if sub together continues to grow like this we will quickly outpace outpace der avi in terms of density so the arrival of 150 millimeter RCC pipe has accelerated material political and social change begging the question do we see this as an intermediate technology or a completely new paradigm for delivering services thank you can I can I just jump in with a quick question obviously the kind of scale that needs to be achieved in in these kinds of settlements requires an army of architects and designers and engineers do you do you feel that it's possible for us to transfer the skills to the community so that they can do this themselves I think absolutely and that's a sort of that's a technical question also about how to empower communities to be able to maintain and look after their their sort of systems I think Rahul's projects are great examples and he talks about this quite freely about how without a sort of robust maintenance they'll fall apart and on the issue I mean infrastructure often in the West is a sort of quite benign thing that we don't even realize and I think in countries like India it has infrastructure it has that sort of capacity to really kind of galvanize a community and so that technical expertise is not only necessary but it's how you create the sort of tapestry of community building neighborhood building and then it has you know an incredible I mean I'm talking about the political consequences but the sort of them kind of the decorum that what happens when you when you change is is a is a sort of very important phenomena