 I'm Joe Eichle, extension weed specialist at North Dakota State University up here at one of the sheriff farms today in Grand Forks County, No-Till Field Day up here and one of the roles I was talking about is weed control and no-till, particularly for those who might be transitioning from conventional till to no-till. Some of the differences you can expect in weed control, maybe weed species shifts, different tactics you need to work with in order to achieve weed control and also give an update on some of our herbicide-resistant weeds across the state, primarily Kosha and Water Hemp. And so for that first part about just a weed species shift and different tactics, one of the main things when we shift from conventional tillage to no-tillage is we need to replace that primary tillage pass in the spring, in this case with a herbicide application for most of our acres, to control those weeds when we plant our crop. And so that's just some robust herbicide burn-down program. So we talked through some of the different programs that are out there and available, strengths and weaknesses on certain weeds. So that made up a part of the talk today. Talking about weed species shifts you might see occur in a no-till system. Maristail or horseweed is one of our biggest weeds that can be an issue in no-till, but not in conventional tillage. Pretty shallow-rooted weed, but it is glyphosate-resistant. And so when we use a glyphosate-based burn-down program in the spring, we can often see failures in that weed will be problematic in no-till. So talking about different strategies using burn-downs in the fall to control maristail, very effective option for us rather than relying on a spring burn-down alone. So that's one of the weeds we discussed. We also talked about things like perennial weeds like dandelion. We'll see a prevalence of more dandelion issues in no-till because it's a taproot perennial. And so we're not having that tillage to disturb what's there and then we need to manage dandelion as well. So again, different strategies on fall versus spring burn-down and then some different options for that weed. Then we shifted gears and talked about resistance updates with COSHA and with Water Hemp because since we're basing a lot of our weed control decisions in no-till around that burn-down application, very important herbicide pass for us in no-till. And with COSHA, we do now have populations with resistance to our Group 14 herbicides, trade names of products in that group will be Sharpen and Aime, very popular traditionally products for us for controlling COSHA and a burn-down situation, but we do have some populations with resistance to that classic chemistry. So basically discussing knowing the populations you have of your weeds because that may drive your selection of your herbicides for burn-down based on effectiveness. And then we just finished talking about Water Hemp, which is a problem on every acre, conventional-till and no-till, but with no-till a few other considerations that we can think of with Water Hemp. Things like the fact that our emergence pattern will be slightly different with Water Hemp and no-till versus in conventional-till. Herbicide programs are mainly the same, but really kind of talking through just some of the problems with Water Hemp and more of a no-till situation or setting. Really focusing on no-till production challenges specifically related to weed management and no-till.